Exam 1

Question 1

Octet Rule

Answer 1

Atoms tend to want their valence shells filled

Question 2

Fat linkages

Answer 2

Ester Linkages

Question 3

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 3

Not every carbon is filled, and so it’s shape is wonky. Along with this, the carbons tend to have double covalent bonds.

Question 4

Atomic number

Answer 4

The number of protons in an element

Question 5

Amino Group

Answer 5

(-NH2) A part of an amino acid

Question 6

Acid

Answer 6

A substance with a pH level below 7

Question 7

Structural Isomer

Answer 7

Has the same molecular formula but a completely different attachment

Question 8

R Group

Answer 8

The portion on an amino acid that connects to the last connection on the alpha carbon which determines the identity of the amino acid.

Question 9

Pyrimidines

Answer 9

Single ringed pentose sugars (nitrogenous bases) that are a functional group of nucleic acids. They are thymine, cytosine, and uracil. LOOK AT THE Ys

Question 10

Carboxyl Group

Answer 10

(-COOH) A part of an amino acid (the acidic part)

Question 11

Denaturation

Answer 11

When proteins are no longer life viable. This can occur through excessive heat or lysing the cell.

Question 12

Carbohydrate linkages

Answer 12

glycosidic bonds

Question 13

Emergent Properties

Answer 13

Two smaller subunits come together and make something larger, consisting of new abilities or properties dubbed emergent properties.

Question 14

Phosphate group

Answer 14

(-OPO32-) Energy currency and a functional group for nucleic acids.

Question 15

Isotope

Answer 15

An element with a different number of neutrons than it’s protons

Question 16

Stereoisomer

Answer 16

Completely different arrangement/structure for one portion of the compound

Question 17

Purines

Answer 17

Double ringed pentose sugars (nitrogenous bases) that are a functional group of nucleic acids. They are adenine and guanine.

Question 18

Ions

Answer 18

Charged molecules (unequal number of electrons compared to protons)

Question 19

Isomer

Answer 19

A compound with a different structure or arrangement of molecules with the same molecular formula

Question 20

Monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 20

Mono-saccharides

Question 21

What’s unique about lipids?

Answer 21

They do not have polymers

Question 22

Half-Life

Answer 22

The amount of time it takes half the substance to die/decay

Question 23

Atomic mass

Answer 23

The sum of neutrons and protons in an element

Question 24

Valance electrons

Answer 24

Unpaired electrons in the outermost share of an atom

Question 25

Carbohydrate Polymer

Answer 25

Polysaccharide

Question 26

Protein Polymer

Answer 26

polypeptide

Question 27

Enatioisomer

Answer 27

Compounds with the same molec. formula but are mirror images of eachother

Question 28

carbonyl group

Answer 28

A carbohydrate functional group (C double covalent bond O) that can make ketones. It also determines the identity of a carbohydrate.

Question 29

Inductive reasoning

Answer 29

Taking a specific idea or concept and creating a general concept

Question 30

Deductive reasoning

Answer 30

Taking a general idea or principle and deducing, or breaking it down, into a specific concept.

Question 31

Nucleic Acid Linkages

Answer 31

phosphodiester linkages

Question 32

Protein monomer

Answer 32

Amino acids

Question 33

Electron

Answer 33

Negatively charged particle that in biology acts as an "energy currency"

Question 34

Base

Answer 34

A substance with a pH level higher than 7

Question 35

Hydroxyl group

Answer 35

Carbohydrate functional group (-OH or HO-) that is polar and electronegative. Can also determine if glucouse is alpha or beta

Question 36

Saturated fats

Answer 36

All the hydrogens are filled and they are all single bonded. Ussually straighter

Question 37

Protein Linkages

Answer 37

Peptide bonds

Question 38

4 Main elements found in human body weight

Answer 38

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Question 39

Cis-Trans Isomer

Answer 39

The same bonds with a different spatial arrangmenet