Exam 1 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Has the ability to cause disease
A
pathogenic
2
Q
Does NOT have the ability to cause disease
A
nonpathogenic
3
Q
List infectious microorganisms
A
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
4
Q
mother to baby immunity
A
passive immunity
5
Q
had the disease or vaccination
A
active immunity
6
Q
prompt cells to make a protein recognized by the immune system as an antigen
A
Messenger RNA vaccines
7
Q
provide immunity by stimulating the body to produce antibodies to the infectious agent
A
vaccines
8
Q
in utero, the oral cavity is sterile
A
origin
9
Q
the oral mucous membranes provide some protection
A
infection potential
10
Q
Person to person, Person to inanimate object and then to another person
A
cross-contamination
11
Q
The minimum standard of care to protect dental healthcare providers (DHCPs) and prevent transmission between themselves and the patients
A
standard precautions
12
Q
Precautions used in addition to standard precautions (droplets, contact, airborne, sharps)
A
Transmission Based Precautions
13
Q
List the chain of events required for disease transmission
A
- infectious agent
- reservoir
- port of exit
- mode of transmission
- port of entry
- susceptible host
14
Q
What are some airborne transmissions?
A
aerosol, droplets, spatter
15
Q
Products that keep us safe
A
engineering controls
16
Q
slime with water
A
biofilm
17
Q
What is PPE?
A
personal protective equipment
18
Q
amount of time before symptoms become present
A
incubation period
19
Q
disease that affects the liver
A
hepatitis
20
Q
What can lead to liver failure?
A
acute hepatitis
21
Q
sudden onset
A
acute
22
Q
long term, over time
A
chronic
23
Q
What can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer?
A
chronic hepatitis
24
Q
remains infected on inanimate objects for up to 7 days
A
hepatitis B
25
percutaneous, sexual contact, perinatal, shared injection, contamination, tattooing
hepatitis C
26
Only coinfected with hepatitis B
hepatitis D
27
fecal-oral ingestion (contaminated food or water)
Hepatitis A and E
28
Does HAV have a vaccine?
Yes
29
Does HBV have a vaccines?
Yes
30
Does HCV have a vaccine?
No
31
Does HDV have a vaccine?
HBV vaccine
32
Does HEV have a vaccine?
Yes - China
33
What are caused from acidic foods, stress, biting, etc?
intraoral mouth ulcers
34
Round, red boarder, white center, painful
- cause unknown
- laser treatment
Aphthous ulcers
35
the cause of
etiology
36
What occurs in the trigeminal nerve?
latent infections
37
Ooze, bleed, blisters
herpes simplex 1
38
genital herpes
herpes simplex 2
39
Known as varicella-zoster virus
(chicken pox)
herpes simplex 3
40
Epstein-Barr virus
- Primary infection causes infectious mononucleosis
Human herpes virus 4
41
Cytomegalovirus
- Transmitted by direct contact with:
* Infected body fluids
* Sexual contact
* Solid organ and bone
marrow transplants
* Blood transfusions
human herpes virus 5
42
Roseola infantum
HHV-6B
43
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Sexually transmitted
AIDS defining lesion
HHV-8
44
What cause common warts?
HPV
45
Most commonly sexually transmitted, asymptomatic and clearly by immune system
Van persists and are oncogenic (ability to cause cancer)
HPV
46
Attacks T-cells, weakens immune system
Transmission
Parenteral: sharing needles
Sexual
47
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
STAPH
48
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
49
EPA
Environmental protection agency
* Regulates disposal of medical waste
* Safety of disinfectants
50
CDC
Centers for disease control and prevention
* 1986 – first set of recommendations for dentistry addressing infection control
51
ADS
Association for dental safety
* Not-for-profit organization directed to inform educate and update on infection control practices and issues for dentistry
52
ADA
American dental association
* 1996 – infection control recommendations through its councils on scientific affairs and dental practice
53
ADHA
American dental hygienists’ association
* Infection control recommendations concur with CDC & ADS
54
o Hepatitis B
o MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
o Varicella-zoster
o Influenza
o Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis
o Meningococcal
Recommended immunizations for dental team
55
o Length of time-worn
o Complexity of procedure
o Packaging/sterile
o Storage
o Hazards (fingernails, rings)
Factors affecting glove integrity
56
ASTM
American screening and testing of material
57
immediate allergic reaction
Type 1 hypersensitivity
58
delayed allergic reaction
Type 4 hypersensitivity
59
life threatening allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
60
Sterilization
Splitting up clinic to keep people separated
Not going to work when sick
Using the right PPE
work practice controls
61
Capping a needle safely to prevent harm
engineering control
62
to reduce number of pathogenic microorganisms so that they pose no threat of disease
Disinfect
63
applied to living tissue
antiseptic
64
the process of killing all microorganisms in a material or on an object
Sterilization
65
What sterilization method do we use?
autoclave
66
15-30 minutes, 250 degrees F, 15 psi
autoclave
67
dry heat
chemical vapor
immediate-use steam (flash)
chemical (cold) sterilization
steam under pressure (autoclave)
approved FDA methods of sterilization
68
hot air
static air
69
circulating air around us
forced air
70
Oxidation of molecules that kill organisms
dry heat
71
Useful for materials that cannot be subjected to steam under pressure
Suited for sharps
No corrosion like steam under pressure
advantages of dry heat
72
Long exposure time
High temperature
disadvantages of dry heat
73
Alcohols, formaldehyde, water, and acetone heated under pressure kill organisms
Chemical vapor sterilization
74
Doesn’t corrode carbon steel instruments
Short cycle
Ease of operation
advantages of Chemical vapor sterilization
75
Ventilation is needed
Slight odor
Expense of chemicals for operation
disadvantages of Chemical vapor sterilization
76
o Rapid steam heat sterilization
o Used to sterilize unwrapped instruments for immediate use
Immediate-use steam sterilization (flash sterilization)
77
What are the three types of test for sterilization?
- external
- internal
- biologic monitors
78
What is used for spore testing?
biological monitoring
79
What test is done for Geobacillus stearothermophilus?
steam autoclave
80
What testing is done for Bacillus atrophaeus?
dry heat
81
What test is done for Geobacillus stearothermophilus?
chemical vapor
82
o Strip
o Blue moving indicator line
o Put inside middle of cassettes
class 5 integrators
83
o “Cold sterile”
o Impossible to verify sterility
chemical liquid sterilization
84
How are sterile instruments stored?
- in sealed wrapper/container
- somewhere clean and dry
85
What reduces surface contamination to reduce cross-contamination?
chemical disinfectants
86
What are some types of chemical disinfectants?
- surface disinfectant
- immersion disinfectant
- hand rub with antimicrobial agent
87
What is sterile water used for?
surgical purposes
88
What is SDS?
safety data sheet
89
inactive spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses
high level chemical disinfectant
90
all forms of microorganisms but not spores
intermediate level chemical disinfectant
91
inactivates vegetative bacteria, and certain lipid-type viruses but does not destroy spores, tubercle bacilli, or non-lipid viruses
low level chemical disinfectant
92
What are the classifications of inanimate objects?
- critical
- semi-critical
- noncritical
- environmental
93
pre-clean, spray &wipes
- reduces microorganisms
surface disinfectant
94
What are blood and saliva considered?
Bioburden
95
what kills many pathogenic microorganisms?
disinfecting
96
what prevents contamination of surfaces
barrier and surface covers
97
o Protects hard to clean surfaces
o Reduces contact time for disinfectants
o Chemical free, efficient, and safe
benefits of barriers and surface covers
98
what is a disadvantage of barrier and surface covers
cost
99
how long should a water line be ran at the beginning and end of the day
2 minutes
100
how long should the water line be ran between patients?
30 seconds
