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Psy 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

The study of the relative power and limits of genetics and the influence of environment on behavior

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2
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Studies the building of a “good life” that engages our skills

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3
Q

Best Ways to Study

A
  1. Testing Effect - repeated self testing & rehearsal
  2. Active Processing - Taking the study material and putting it in your own words
  3. Spaced practice is better at retention than mass practice
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4
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Evaluates the source of information, looks for biases, examines assumptions, reviews evidence and assesses conclusions

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5
Q

Behaviorism

A

The idea is that psychology should be objective and that it should examine behavior without considering mental processes.

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6
Q

Gender Psychology

A

studies the differences between genders

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7
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

focuses on assessing and treating people with mental, behavioral, and emotional disorders

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8
Q

Functionalism

A

Looking beyond just labeling our inner thoughts and emotions by examining their evolved function.

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9
Q

SQ3R

A

Survey - the module organization
Question - identify the questions your reading should answer
Read - actively seek the answer to those questions
Retrieve - key ideas and rehearse them
Review - the modules organization and concepts

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10
Q

Cross-Cultural Psychology

A

studying people from different cultures around the world and determining where we have differences and similarities

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11
Q

Adoption Studies

A

Allow behavior geneticists to estimate the heritability of a trait. It has revealed that temperament and social behaviors are genetic.

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12
Q

Epigenetics

A

Epigenetics is the study of how behaviors and the environment can affect how genes work, without changing the DNA sequence on.

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13
Q

Epigenetic Marks

A

The molecules that trigger or block gene expression

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14
Q

Heritability

A

the extent to which the difference between individuals can be contributed to differing genes.

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15
Q

Collectivism vs Individuality

A

The difference between seeking independence and distinction vs making choices based on the collective impact it will have on the group in which you belong

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16
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

How much of who we are is a result of our genes vs our environment

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17
Q

Peer influence

A

Children receive their beliefs from their parents, but their culture from their peers.

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18
Q

Temperament

A

Our genetically influenced intensity and reactivity to emotions

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19
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

The tendency to believe that we could have predicted an event after we’ve already experienced it.

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20
Q

Overconfidence

A

The human inclination to think we know more than we actually do

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21
Q

Perceiving Order in Random Events

A

Things that are random don’t actually look random.

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22
Q

Independent Variable

A

In an experiment, the “independent variable” is the factor that the researcher actively manipulates or changes to observe its effect on another variable

The variable whose effect is being studied.

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23
Q

Freudian

A

studies the way our unconscious mind and childhood experience affect our behavior

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24
Q

Experiment

A

A research method that takes two groups of people and exposes one of them to a variable (experimental group), but not the other (control group) to see the effect that the variable has on the group.

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25
Correlation
A connection that exists between two factors, but cannot conclusively be considered the cause of an outcome.
26
Case Study
examines and individual or group in depth in hopes of discovering a truth that applies to all of us.
27
Informed Consent & Debrief
Making sure that research participants are fully aware of the risks and intent of a study and then debriefs them on the conclusion of the study (this should the purpose and any deceptions connected to the study).
28
Evolutionary Psychology
The study of the evolution of the mind and behavior seen through the lens of natural selection.
29
Hypotheses
A testable prediction
30
The dependent variable
is the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated
31
Humanistic psychology
Focuses on human growth potential instead of childhood memories or experiences. It focuses on our need for love, acceptance, and the environments that nurture or limit personal growth
31
Developmental Psychology
studies our changing abilities from the womb to the tomb
31
Social psychology
studies how we view and effect one another socially
32
Structuralism
Uses introspection to determine how the mind is structured (Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener)
32
Naturalistic Observation
observing and recording the natural behavior of people
32
Introspection
looking inward
32
Replication
repeating the essence of a study to determine if the results remain true with a different group of people in a different situation
32
Scientific Method
Observation, questions, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion
33
Cognitive Psychology
examines how we perceive
33
Scientific Attitude
Curiosity, skepticism, and humility. We must be aware of our vulnerability to error and be open to new perspectives
33
Confounding Variable
A variable other than the one that is being studied that might influence a study's results.
33
Attachment Theory
An emotional tie with others. In parenting, a child who is securely attached experiences anxiety when their parent isn't present, but can be soothed upon return. Avoidant and anxious are considered insecure attachment.
33
Responsive Parenting
Those who notice what their baby needs and responds appropriately
33
Harlow Monkey
Harlow gave infant monkeys a choice between a wire mother that provided food and a cloth mother that provided comfort. The monkeys consistently chose the cloth mother
34
Four Stages of Piaget's Development Theory
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, concrete Operational, and Formal Operational
34
Conservation
A component in Piaget's concrete operational when a child is unable to understand that changing the container of a liquid does not change it's volume/mass
34
Egocentrism
The preoperational stage of Piaget's Developmental theory. It's when children are unable to perceive how other people are impacted by their actions
35
Consequences of Alcohol in Pregancy
Fetal Alcohol Syndrom
36
Habituation
A decrease in response after repeated stimulation
36
Imprinting
Animals who create strong bonds with the first person they receive contact and connection with regardless of species
37
Infantile Amensia
Forgetting our early life before the age of 4.
38
Maturation
The orderly sequence of biological growh
39
Auhtoritarian Parenting
Coercive - do what I say
40
Permissive Parenting
unrestraining - do what you want
41
Neglectful Parenting
uninvolved -
42
Authoritative
confrontive - sets rules, but promotes conversation
43
Piaget's Belief on Development
Our cognitive development is an endless journey of trying to make sense of our experiences
44
Schemas
the mental molds that we fit our experiences into
45
Sensimotor
1st stage of Piaget's theory that has object permanence as key element
46
Concrete Operation Stage
3rd stage of Piaget's developmental theory. Here children are grasping conservation
47
Preoperational Stage
2nd stage of Piaget's developmental theory. Here children are egocentric and indulge in pretend play
48
Formal Operation
4th stage of Piaget's Developmental theory where abstract thinking and logic is possible
49
Pruning Process in Brain Devleopment
"use it or lose it" unused neural pathways are shut down
50
Stanger Anxiety
the fear of strangers that children demonstrate
51
Theory of Mind
people ideas about their mental state and the mental state of others and the behaviors these mental states may predict. People with autism struggle with this
52
Attractive People
Based on appearance they're seen as healthier, happier, more successful, sensitive, and socially skilled
53
James Lange Theory of Emotion
We have bodily activity first and then experience emotions
54
Canon Byrd Theory of Emotion
Our bodily responses and emotions happen separately but simultaneously
55
Autonomic Nervous System
Arouses the body in stressful situations and calms the body when safe. Sympathetic causes arousal, and parasympathetic creates calm.
56
Intrinsic Motivation
An inner desire to achieve that is not connected to external praise or pressure
57
Extrinsic Motivation
the desire to achieve in order to receive praise or avoid punishment
58
Self Determination Theory
When we feel motivated to satisfy our need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness
59
Self Disclosure
Sharing our joy, fear, and pain wiht others
60
Mere Exposure Effect
The more we are exposed to a person or thing the more we like them
61
Spillover Effect
Emotional rousal spills over from one event to the next
62
Two Factor Theory of Emotion
Emotions have two ingredients (physical arousal and cognitive appraisal)
63
Liking Love (7 Types of Love)
Intimacy
64
Companionate Love (7 Types of Love)
Commitment & Intimacy
65
Infatuated Love (7 Types of Love)
Passionate
66
Romantic Love (7 Types of Love)
Intimacy & Passionate
67
Fatuous Love (7 Types of Love)
Commitment & Passionate
68
Consummate Love (7 Types of Love)
Passion, Intimacy, & Commitment
69
Empty Love (7 Types of Love)
Commitment
70
Accommodation
Expanding our schemas to incorporate new information
71
Assimilation
Organizing new experiences into existing schemas
72
Attachment
An emotional tie with others
73
Random Sampling
A sample that fairly represents a wide reach of people and gives each member an equal chance of inclusion
74
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
the use of psychoology in the workplace to understand the best way to train and motivate people, culture, designs, and systems
75
Biological Psychology
Exploring the links between body and mind
76
Counseling Psychology
help people cope with challenges and crises. Helps people with disorders improve their personal and social functioning.
77
Personality Psychology
investigating our consistent traits
78
Psychology
a science that seeks to answer questions about how and why we think, feel, and act the way that we do
79
The Placebo Effect
experimental results caused by expectation alone`
80
Survey
take a bird's eye view

Psy 101 (2 decks)

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