Exam 1 Flashcards
(218 cards)
1
Q
Trochanteric ( Bursae of the Hip)
A
b/w the gluteus maximus and the greather trochanter
2
Q
Gluteofemoral ( Bursae of the Hip)
A
b/w the gluteus maximus and the vastus lateralis
3
Q
Ischial (Bursae of the Hip)
A
b/w the gluteus maximus and the ischial tuberostiy
4
Q
Total Hip Replacement Precautions ( posteriorlateral)
A
Avoid add past neutral, Avoid internal rotation, Avoid flexion past 90 degrees
5
Q
Total Hip Replacement Precaution ( anterior)
A
Avoid excessice abduction, Avoid excessive extension, Avoid excessive external rotation
( The anterior capsule, ilifemoral L, and pubofemoral L neet to be protected)
6
Q
Superior Clunial Nerves
A
-Posterior rami of L1-L3, supplies the skin over the superior and central buttock
7
Q
Middle Clunial Nerves
A
-Posterior rami of S1-S3, supplies the skin of the medial buttock and gluteal cleft
8
Q
Inferior Clunial Nerves
A
-Anterior rami of S2-S3, supplies the skin of the inferior glutal region. It is a branch of the posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh.
9
Q
Superior Gluteal A. (How the artery in the gluteal region exit the pelvis?)
A
Leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis/above the pififormis
10
Q
Inferior Gluteal A. (How the artery in the gluteal region exit the pelvis?)
A
Leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis/below the pififormis
11
Q
Obturator A. (How the artery in the gluteal region exit the pelvis?)
A
Via the obturator canal, together with the Obturator Nerve
12
Q
Internal Pudendal A. (How the artery in the gluteal region exit the pelvis?)
A
Leaves the gluteal region immediately by crossing the ischial spine/ scarospinous ligament and enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen.
13
Q
Innervation of Pectineus M
A
Femoral Nerve ( L2,L3,L4)
14
Q
Innervation of Iliacus M
A
Femoral N ( L2,L3,L4)
15
Q
Innervation of Psoas Major M
A
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves ( L1,L2,L3)
16
Q
Innervation of Psoas Minor M
A
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2)
17
Q
Innervation of Sartorius M.
A
Femoral N (L2,L3,L4)
18
Q
Innervation of Rectus Femoris M
A
Femoral N (L2,L3,L4)
19
Q
innervation of Vastus Lateralis M
A
Femoral N (L2,L3,L4)
20
Q
Innervation of Vastus Medialis M
A
Femoral N (L2,L3,L4)
21
Q
Innervation of Vastis Intermedius M
A
Femoral N (L2,L3,L4)
22
Q
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
A
Sensory only, Lumbar plexus ( L2-L3), supplies the skin over the lateral thigh
23
Q
Femoral Nerve
A
motor ( to the anterior compartment muscles) and sensory branches ( has an anterior cutaneous branch and saphenous branch) , Lumbar plexus ( L2-L4),
24
Q
Saphenous Cutaneous ( sensory branch of femoral)
A
supplies the skin over the medial knee, leg, and ankle
25
Anterior Cutaneous branch (sensory branch of femoral)
supplues the skin over the anterior thigh
26
Innervation of Adductor Longus M.
Obturator N ( L2,L3,L4)
27
Innervation of Adductor Magnus M. ( Hamstring part)
Tibial N
28
Innervation of Adductor Brevis M.
Obturator N ( L2,L3,L4)
29
Innervation of Adductor Magnus M. ( Adductor part)
Obturator N ( L2,L3,L4) and branches of posteror division
30
Innervation of Gracilis M
Obturator N ( L2,L3,L4)
31
Innervation of Obturator Externus M
Obturator N ( L2,L3,L4)
32
Obturator Nerve
has motor and sensory branches.
Will provide sensory to medial thigh.
Lumbar plexus ( L2,L3,L4)
33
Adductor Canal
Is a tunnel in the medial thigh. It is found b/w the sartorius, adductor longus, and vastus medialis
Contains: Femoral V,A,N and Saphenous Nerve
34
Adductor Hiatus
Is an opening on the adductor magnus. It allows structures to pass anterior to posterior.
Contain: Femoral V+A
35
Inntervation of Semitendinosus M
Tibial Division of Sciatic N. ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
36
Innervation on Semimembranosus M
Tibial Division of Sciatic N. ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
37
Innervation of Biceps Femoris M. ( Long Head)
Tibial Division of Sciatic N. ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
38
Innervation of Biceps Femoris M. ( Short Head)
Common Fibular division of Sciatic N ( L4,L5,S1,S2)
39
Sciatic N
Only motor innervation
40
Medial Circumflex A. supplies?
the main supply of blood to the head of Femur
41
Lateral Circumflex A. supplies?
supplies the trochanters via ascending transverse branch
42
Descending Branch off the Lateral circumflex A. supplies ?
lateral thigh and knee
43
The Quadriceps Tendon and Patellar Ligament provide stability?
Anteriorly
44
Lateral Patellar Retinaculum provides stability?
Anterolateral aspect of the knee.
45
Medial Patellar Retinaculum provides stability?
Anteromedial aspect of the knee.
46
Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament provides stability to?
To the medial aspect of the knee, prevents valgus forces
47
Lateral ( fibular ) Collateral Ligament provides stability to?
The lateral aspet of the knee, prevents varus force
48
Valgus force ( in reference to knee ligaments )
refers to a force that pushes inward toward the center of the body
49
Varus force ( in reference to knee ligaments )
away from the center of the body.
50
Oblique popliteal Ligament
provides posterior stability to the knee
51
Arcuate popliteal ligament
provides posterior stability to the knee
52
Medial Meniscus
A C-shaped fibrocartilage plate, that runs along the medial condyle of tibia. Attaches to the MCL and the anterior and posterior intercondylar areas.
53
Lateral Meniscus
Semi-circular fibrocartilage plate, runs along the lateral condyle. Attaches anterior and posterior tibial intercondyler areas.
54
Meniscus Function
Provide stability to during Flx and Ext. They also absorb shock.
55
Coronary Ligaments ( menisci)
attach the menisci to the periphery of tibial condyles
56
Transverse Genicular Ligaments (menisci)
tethers the menisci together
57
Posterior Meniscofemoral ligament ( Menisci)
* attached the lateral meniscus to the PCL and medail femoral condyle
* attaches to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the lateral intercondylar aspect of the medial femoral condyle and passes posteriorly to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
58
Radial Tear
| from the center of the meniscus out towards the edges
a tear in the meniscus that occurs perpendicular to its long axis, within 10 mm of the posterior tibial attachment.
58
Bucket Handle tear
injury to the meniscus, a cartilage in the knee, that occurs when the meniscus tears away from the back of the knee and flips into the front.
59
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Limits anterior translation of the tibia. Distally- posterior to the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in the anterior intercondular fossa of the tibia. Prox- intercondylar fossa side of the lateral femoral condyle
60
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
limits posterior translation of the tibia. Distally- posterior to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in the posterior intercondylar fossa of the tibia
Proximally- intercondylar fossa side of the medial femoral condyle
61
Anterior Drawer Sign (ACL) ( Cruciate
a sign of a complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It's a result of the tibia moving forward relative to the femur
62
Posterior Drawer Sign (PCL)
assess for posterior cruciate ligament tears.
63
Suprapatellar Bursae
located b/w the femur and tendon of the quadriceps femoris
64
Popliteus Bursae
located b/w the poplitues and the lateral condyle of tibia
65
Anserine Bursae
Separates the tenson of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus from tibia and tibial collateral ligament
66
Gastrocnemus Bursae
Deep to proximal attachment of tendon of medial heal of gastrocnemius
67
Semimembranosus Bursae
b/w the medial head of gastronemius and semimembranosis
68
Subcutaneous Prepatellar Bursae
b/w the skin and anterior surface of patella
69
Subcutaneous infrapatellar
b/w the skin and tibial tuberosity
70
deep infrapatellar bursae
b/w the patellar ligaments and anterior surface of tibia
71
Nerve that supplies the knee anteriorly
femoral n
72
Nerve that supplies the knee medially
saphenous n
73
Nerve that supplies the knee posteriorly
Tibial and Common
Fibular n
74
What is the primary artery the
supplies the knee joint?
popliteal
75
What branch of the Femoral a.
supplies the knee
Descending Genicular
76
What branch of the Profunda
Femora supplies the knee?
Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral
77
Innervation of Popliteus M.
Tibial N .. also Popliteal A.
78
Anterior Cutaneous Branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3,L4)
supplies the skin over the anterior and medial aspects of the thigh
79
Posterior Cutaneous N of the thigh
| (sacral plexus S1,S2,S3)
terminal branches pierce fascia lata to supply skin over the posterior thigh and popliteal fossa
80
Vascular supply to Popliteus M.
Popliteal A.
81
Innervation of Popliteus M.
Tibial Nerve
82
Muscle responsble for the unlocking of the knee?
Popliteus mainly. Semimembranosus, Semitendinos, and Gracilis assist.
83
Direction of patella when tracking genu valgus?
laterally
84
Direction of patella when tracking genu varum?
Medially
85
The compressive forces from both coxa vara and valga can lead to ?
Osteoarthitis
86
After a total knee replacement, numbness to the anterior knee is due to the cutting of what nerve?
Sapenous Nerve
87
Unhappy Triad ( of the knee joint)
a severe knee injury that occurs when three structures in the knee are simultaneously damaged. Includes: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Medial Meniscus, and Medial Collateral Ligament
88
Syndesmosis Injury
A high ankle sprain, that can happen at the distal tibiofibular joint.
89
Anterior Tibial A. runs with what nerve ?
Deep Fibular N.
90
Muscles that pass deep to the extensor retinacula ?
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius
91
What vessels pass deep to the extensor retinacula ?
Anterior Tibial Artery, Anterior Tibail Vein, Deep perional Nerve ( anterior tibial nerve)
92
Tibials Anterior Innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve ( L4, L5,S1)
93
Extensor Digitorum Longus Innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve ( L4, L5,S1)
94
Extensor Hallucis Longus innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve ( L4, L5,S1)
95
Fibularis Tertius Innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve ( L4, L5,S1)
96
Deep Fibular Nerve Injury
Can cause foot drop, the nerve can become damaged, it can wind around the neck of the fibula
97
Fibular Artery
Lies in the posterior compartment, branches through the posterior intermuscular septum to supply the lateral compartment.
98
Fibularis Longus innervation
Superficial Fibular N ( L5,S1,S2)
99
Fibularis Brevis innervation
Superficial Fibular N ( L5,S1,S2)
100
Superfical Fibular Nerve provides sensory to
Skin of the anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot, excluding web between great and 2nd toe.
101
Gastrocnemius Innervation
Tibial Nerve ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
102
Soleus innervation
Tibial Nerve ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
103
Plantaris innervation
Tibial Nerve ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
104
Popliteus Innervation
Tibial Nerve ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
105
Flexor Hallicus Longus innervation
Tibial Nerve ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
106
Flexor Digitorum longus Innervation
Tibial Nerve ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
107
Tibialis Posterior Innervation
Tibial Nerve ( L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
108
What lies in the 1st tunnel of the Flexor Retinaculum?
Tibialis Posterior M+T
109
What lies in the 2nd tunnel of the Flexor Retinaculum?
Flexor Digitorum Longus M+T
110
What lies in the 3rd tunnel of the Flexor Retinaculum?
Posterior Tibial A. and Tibial N
111
What lies in the 4th tunnel of the Flexor Retinaculum?
Flexor Digitorum Longus M+T
112
Hindfoot contains ( regions of the foot)
Talus and calcaneus
113
Midfoot contains ( regions of foot)
navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid
114
Forefoot contains ( regions of foot)
matatarsals, phalanges
115
Motions that occur at the talo-crual joint?
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
116
What muscles is the primary dorsiflexor
Tibialis Anterior
117
Muscles that assists in dorsiflexion ?
Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius
118
What muscles are the primary plantar flexors?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
119
Muscles that assist in plantar flexion?
Plantaris, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus
120
Motions that occur at the subtalar joint ?
eversion and inversion
121
Anterior talofibular ligament (foot)
spands from the inferior medial fibula to neck of talus
122
Calcaneofibular Ligament (foot)
spands from the lateral malleolus to lateral tubercle of the talus
123
Posterior talofibular ligament (foot)
spands from the post/medial malleolus to lateral tubercle of the talus
124
Anterior tibiotalar ligament (foot)
spands from the distal medial malleolus to anterior aspect of the medial tubercle of the talus
125
the deltoid ligament is 4 seperate ligaments (foot)
tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar, and anterior tibiotalar.
126
posterior tibiotalar L (foot)
spands from the distal medial malleolus to posterior aspects of medial tubercle of the talus
127
tibiocalcaneal L (foot)
spands from the distal medial malleolus to sustentaculum tali
128
tibionavicular L (foot)
spands from the distal medial malleolus to to the navicular tuberosity
129
Ligaments of the foot that support the arches?
long planter ligament, short planter ligament, sping ligament
130
A high grade sprain of the interosseous ( crual) fibular ligament would result in excessice motion at what joint ?
Distal tibiofibular jt
131
Adductor Hallucis innervation
Medial Plantar Nerve
132
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Innervation
Medial plantar nerve
133
Abductor Digiti mini innervation
Lateral Plantar N
134
Quadratus Plantae innervation
lateral plantar nerve
135
Lumbricals ( medal 1) innervation
Medial Plantar N.
136
lumbricals ( lateral three) innervation
lateral plantar nerve
137
Flexor hallicus brevis innervation
medial plantar n
138
adductor halluics innervation
deep branch of lateral plantar n
139
flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
superficual branch of lateral plantar n
140
plantar inerossi innervation
lateral plantar n
141
dorsal interossei innervation
lateral plantar n
142
Medial longitudinal arch of foot
calcaneous, talus, navicular, cuniforms, and 3 matatarsals
Is the main weight bearing arch+ FDL, FHL
143
lateral longitudinal arch of foot
calcaneous, cuboid, and 2 lateral metatarsals
tibialis anterior and posterior support this arch+ FHL, FDL
144
transverse arch of foot
cuboud, cuniforms, and bases of metatarsals
supported by the fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
145
Pes planus
-Is an aquired foot deformity, fallen arch 2 degree dysfuntion or ligamentous arch
-a common foot condition where the arch of the foot collapses or flattens out.
146
what static and dynamic structures have the greatest impact on the arch of the foot?
plantar calcaneonavicular ( sping) ligament
posterior and anterior tibialis tendon
147
Sural cutaneous ( foot + lower leg)
supplies skin over the posterolateral leg and the lateral margin of the foot
(tibial and common fibular n, S1-S2)
148
Superficial Fibular N cutaneous ( lower leg+ foot)
skin of the anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot, excluding web b/w the great toe and 2nd toe
( Common fibular n, L4,L5,S1)
149
Deep fibular N. Cutaneous ( foot)
skin of web b/w great toe and 2nd toes
( Common fibular N, L5)
150
Medial plantar n ( cutaneous)
skin of the medial side of sole, and plantar aspect, sides, and nail beds of medial 3 1/2 toes
( Tibial N, L4-L5)
151
lateral plantar n ( cutaneous)
skin of lateral sole, and plantar aspect, sides, and nail beds of lateral 1 1/2 toes
( tibial N S1,S2)
152
Calcaneal branch of tibial n ( S1-S2)
Skin of heel
153
Gastrocnemius muscle action
plantat flx ankle when knee is extended; raiuses heel during walking; flexes lef at knee joint
154
Soleus muscle action
plantar flexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot
155
plantaris muscle action
weakly assissit gastronemius in plantar flexion of ankle
156
Tibialis posterior muscle action
plantarflexes ankne; inverts foot
157
Flexor digitorum longus muscle action
flexes lateral four digits; plantar flexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
158
Flexor halluis longus muscle action
flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantaer flexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
159
popliteus muscle action
weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia; medially rotated tibia of unplanted limb
160
Fibularis brevis muscle action
everts foot and weakly plantar flexes ankle
161
Fibularis longus muscle action
everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
162
Fibularis tertius muscle action
dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot
163
extensor halluics longus muscle action
extends the great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
164
extensor digitorum longus muscle action
extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle
165
tibialis anterior muscle action
main dorsiflexor of ankle and inverts foot
166
sartorius muscle action
flexes, abducts, and lateraly rotates thigh at hip jt. flexes leg at knee joint ( medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)
167
iliopsoas muscle action
act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip jt and in stabilizing this jt
168
pectineus muscle action
adducts and flexes thigh, assists with medial rotation of thigh
169
quadratus femoris muscle action
laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetebulum
170
superior and inferior gemelli muscle action
laterally rotates extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh;steadies femoral head in acetebulum
171
obturator internus muscle action
laterally rotates extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh;steadies femoral head in acetebulum
172
piriformis muscle action
laterally rotates extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh;steadies femoral head in acetebulum
173
Gluteus maximus muscle action
extends thigh ( espceially from flexed position) and assits in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assits from sitting position
174
Gluteus medius muscle action
abduct and medially rotate thigh; keeps pelvis level when in ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance the opposite ( unsupported) side during its swing phase.
175
tensor fascia latae muscle action
abduct and medially rotate thigh; keeps pelvis level when in ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance the opposite ( unsupported) side during its swing phase.
176
gluteus minimus muscle action
abduct and medially rotate thigh; keeps pelvis level when in ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance the opposite ( unsupported) side during its swing phase.
177
Biceps femoris muscle action
flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh ( accelerating mass during first step of gait)
178
semimembranosus muscle action
extends thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed. when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.
179
semitendinosus muscle action
extends thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed. when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.
180
adductor longus muscle action
adducts thigh
181
adductor brevis muscle action
adducts thigh; some extent flexed thigh
182
adductor magnus muscle action (both parts)
adducts thigh
183
adductor magnus muscle action (adductor part)
flexes thigh
184
adductor magnus muscle action (hamstring part)
extends thigh
185
gracilis muscle action
adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially
186
obturator externis muscle action
laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
187
Quadriceps femoris muscle action ( 4 muscles)
extend leg at knee joint, rectus femoris also steadies hip jt, and helps isolate iliopsoas flex thigh
188
dorsal interossi muscle action
abduct and flex digits 2-4 at MTP jt
189
plantar interossi muscle action
adducts and flex digits 3-5 at MTP jts
190
adductor hallucis muscle action
adduct 1st digit, assits in transvers arch of foot by pulling metatarsals medially
191
flexor digit minimi brevis muscle action
flexes proximal IP jt of 5th digit, assissting in flexion of digit
192
flexor hallucis brevis muscle action
flexes proximal interphalanral (IP) jt of 1st digit
193
lumbricals ( foot) muscle action
flex proximal IP jt, extend middle and distal IP jt of lateral four digits
194
Quadratus plantae muscle action
assists flexor digitorum longus in flexion lateral four digits at MTP and IP jts
195
Abductor digiti minimi muscle action ( foot)
abducts and flexes little toe ( 5th digit) at MTP and IP jts
196
Flexor digitorum brevis muslce action ( foor)
flexes lateral four digits at MTP and IP jts
197
Abductor hallucis muscle action ( foot)
abducts and flexes 1st digit at MTP and IP jts
198
Medial plantar innervates ?
FDB, FHB, 1st lumbrical, and Abductor hallicus
199
Lateral plantar innervates?
quadratus plantae, abductor digitiminimi , and digiti minimi brevis, plantat and dorsal interossei, lateral 3 lumbricals, and adductor hallucis, and skin on sole lateral to a line slitting the 4th digit
200
motion that occurs at the interphalangeal jt ( foot)
flexion and extension
201
the interphalangeal jt of the foot is classified as ?
hinge synocial jt
202
The metatarsal phalangeal jt is classified as ?
condyloid synovial jt
203
motions that occur at the metatarsal phalangeal jt?
flexion, extension, some abd+ add + circumduction
204
tarsometatarsal jt ( aka lis franc) motions
limited gliding and sliding
205
Medial tarsometatarsal jt
medial cuneiform with the 1st metataral
206
Intermediate tarsometatarsal jt
intermediate and lateral cuneiform with 2nd-3rd matatarsal
207
talocrual ( ankle jt) ala talocrural or tibiotalar jt
make up of the distal tibia and fibula, talus. classified as a synovial hinge jt, mortise , motions- plantar flex and dorsiflexion
208
Lateral tarsometatarsal jt
cuboid and 4th -5th metatarsal
209
talocalcaneal ( SUBTALAR) talar-calcaneal jt
a plane synovial jt, also called talar calcaneal jt, eversion and inversion
210
Muscles that invert the subtalar jt
tibialis anterior and tibilais posterior
211
muscles that evert the subtalar jt
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, fibularis tertius
212
talonavicular aka talocalcanealnavicular jt
formed be the head of talus and navicular and cuboid , a ball and socket joint
212
Calcaneocuboid jt
a plane synovial jt, cuboid articular surface of the calcaneous with cuboid
212
transverse tarsal jt
Calcaneocuboid jt and talocalcanealnavicular, connect rearfoot to midfoot
213
transverse tarsal jt motions
rotary, gliding, IN, EV, and contribute to pronation and supination
213
pronation is a combination of
DF,EV, ABD
213
supination is a combination of
PF,IN, ADD
