Exam 1

Question 1

What is a zygote?

Answer 1

The start of cell life

Question 2

When and who invented the Microscope?

Answer 2

1560 Zacharias Jansun

Question 3

Identify the important parts of the cell

Answer 3

• Chloroplast
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Vacuole
• Cell Wall
• Plasma Membrane

Question 4

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 4

They are there to protect the other cell organelles.

Question 5

What does a plasma membrane do?

Answer 5

Dictates what comes in and out of the cell.

Question 6

Do other things have vacuoles?

Answer 6

Only plants have vacuoles; they are the biggest organelle in a cell.

Question 7

What is turgor pressure?

Answer 7

It holds the plant up; without it, wilting can occur.

Question 8

How is the nucleus important?

Answer 8

It controls everything that happens within the cell.

Question 9

What are the living and nonliving elements of a cell?

Answer 9

• Nonliving: Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuoles
• Living: Nucleus, plasma membrane

Question 10

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 10

Plants have chloroplasts, which animals don’t.

Question 11

What is mitosis?

Answer 11

The process of cell division.

Question 12

How do plants grow?

Answer 12

By cell division that occurs in the meristem.

Question 13

Where does cell division occur in plants?

Answer 13

In the meristem.

Question 14

What are the important parts of a Meristem?

Answer 14

• Apical
• Lateral
• Intercalary

Question 15

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 15

IPMAT: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Question 16

Can plants get cancer?

Answer 16

Yes, but not in a human way; they can turn into hybrids by rapid cell mutation.

Question 17

What are simple tissues compared to complex tissues?

Answer 17

• Simple tissues: 1 cell
• Complex tissues: 2+ cells

Question 18

What are the functions of roots?

Answer 18

• Conduct
• Absorb
• Reproduction
• Hormone Synthesis
• Anchorage
• Support

Question 19

Why are root hairs important?

Answer 19

They are crucial for absorption.

Question 20

What is the stele?

Answer 20

The core of the root.

Question 21

What is the difference between monocot and dicot roots?

Answer 21

Dicots have an ‘x’ shape; monocots do not.

Question 22

What are the different types of roots?

Answer 22

• Rhizomes
• Stolon
• Bulbs
• Tubers
• Corms

Question 23

What are the uses for roots?

Answer 23

• Food
• Dyes
• Medicine

Question 24

What is root morphology?

Answer 24

What roots look like on the outside.

Question 25

What is the difference between apoplastic and symplastic?

Answer 25

* Apoplastic: through the cell * Symplastic: around the cell

Question 26

What is the rhizosphere?

Answer 26

The biologically active place around the roots.

Question 27

What is the importance of symbiotic relationships for plants?

Answer 27

They help plants achieve more growth.

Question 28

What makes healthy roots?

Answer 28

* Deep * White * Thick

Question 29

What are the functions of stems?

Answer 29

* Absorption * Support * Reproduction

Question 30

What are some human uses for stems?

Answer 30

* Food * Drugs

Question 31

What are the plant life cycles?

Answer 31

* Annual * Perennial * Biennial

Question 32

What is the importance of vascular cambium?

Answer 32

It acts as the glue between xylem and phloem.

Question 33

Describe the difference between heartwood and sapwood.

Answer 33

* Heartwood: alive * Sapwood: dead

Question 34

What produces bark?

Answer 34

Cork Cambium.

Question 35

What are the characteristics that define a plant?

Answer 35

* Green (sometimes) * Contains cellulose

Question 36

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Answer 36

* Autotrophs make their own food * Heterotrophs consume food

Question 37

What are examples of autotrophs?

Answer 37

Plants

Question 38

What are examples of heterotrophs?

Answer 38

Humans

Question 39

What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

Answer 39

Used as a filtration system and is the largest part of the cell.

Question 40

Why is cellulose important for plant structure?

Answer 40

It makes plants unique compared to other living things.

Question 41

What is the classification order in taxonomy?

Answer 41

KPCOFGS: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Question 42

What is Plant Hardiness Zoning?

Answer 42

Based on the annual coldest temperature in an area.

Question 43

What is the Doctrine of Signatures?

Answer 43

The belief that God gave signs on how certain plants were beneficial to health.

Question 44

What are the differences between herbarium and arboretum?

Answer 44

* Herbarium: preserved plant specimens * Arboretum: live plants

Question 45

What is an angiosperm?

Answer 45

Covered Seed.

Question 46

What is a gymnosperm?

Answer 46

Naked Seed.

Question 47

What are leaves?

Answer 47

Green organelles normally found on plants or trees.

Question 48

What are some human uses for leaves?

Answer 48

* Food * Medicine * Shade * Fuel

Question 49

What is mesophyll?

Answer 49

Tissue loaded with chloroplast.

Question 50

What is the importance of stomates?

Answer 50

They allow the plant to take in air.

Question 51

What are motor cells?

Answer 51

Responsible for the movement of the plant.

Question 52

What does chlorophyll do?

Answer 52

Responsible for the color of the leaves.

Question 53

What affects fall colors?

Answer 53

Weather conditions such as cold and dry.

Question 54

Why is compost important?

Answer 54

Feeds the soil, which is beneficial for plant growth.

Question 55

What are leaf types?

Answer 55

* Triflate * Palmate * Pinnate

Question 56

What are leaf shapes?

Answer 56

* Linear * Ovate * Cordate * Elliptic * Lanceolate

Question 57

What are leaf arrangements?

Answer 57

* Opposite * Alternate * Whorled

Question 58

What are leaf margins?

Answer 58

* Cordate * Serrate * Entire * Dentate

Question 59

What are the parts of leaf anatomy?

Answer 59

* Upper Epidermis * Lower Epidermis * Spongy Mesophyll * Palisade Mesophyll * Veins * Xylem * Phloem * Stomata * Guard Cells