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Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

prevents disease, prolong life, promote health through community effort

A

public health

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2
Q

extends the effort of public health through government and private efforts

A

community health (ex: Red Cross)

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3
Q

what is the difference between public health and community health?

A

public health- promotes health through COMMUNITY effort aka preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized community efforts

community health- extends public health through government & private efforts

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4
Q

what is a factor used to measure the health of the community?

A

health promotion

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5
Q

what are some examples of determinants of health? what is the main determinant & why?

A

main determinant is health care assess bc it influences your health positively or negatively

other examples: air/water quality, housing situation, green space, roadways, biology, policies

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6
Q

Who conducted a community assessment and analysis w/ in depth research? also focused on environmental determinants of health like sanitation & ventilation

A

Florence Nightingale

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7
Q

Who established Visiting Nurses Association in NYC?

A

Lillian Wald

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8
Q

who was the first nurse to conduct community assessment and analysis?

A

Florence Nightingale

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9
Q

this is the root cause of disease instead of symptoms

A

upstream thinking

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10
Q

this is a microscopic theory of self care that says the person is responsible for their own self care & it reflects within their health on their own/behaviors

**nursing is a response to a sick person’s inability to administer self care

A

Orem’s theory of self care

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11
Q

what does it take for a theory to be useful in public health nursing?

A

it needs to apply to many populations

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12
Q

what is Milio’s framework for prevention?

A

it’s macroscopic theory, like prevention
ex: vaccinations

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13
Q

what are the 2 models/theories that use up & downstream approaches that make changes in the health care environment?

A

-critical interactionism
-milio’s framework for prevention

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14
Q

purpose of the windshield survey

A

-to show what’s available to the community & how it affects their health (assess the different communities)

-type of info gathered (homes, upkeep, stores, healthcare, green spaces, social areas, etc) shows how these people live

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15
Q

what is the purpose of community health diagnosis?

A

to help identify a problem and how to fix it

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16
Q

where do we get info about mortality and morbidity?

A

vital statistics

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17
Q

this is when community members take on a greater authority to create change

A

community empowerment

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18
Q

what does success of community intervention depend on?

A

community involvement

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19
Q

this is access, engaging, and understanding how to navigate healthcare environment & make health care decision

A

health literacy

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20
Q

what makes an adult learner?

A

-wants to know why
-readiness to learn
-life experience change how they view it (negative or positive)
-motivation to learn

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21
Q

how did the health belief model come about?

A

lack of attendance to a community TB screening …. this led researches wondering why nobody showed up!

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22
Q

what did the affordable care act bring to Americans?

A

-preexisting conditions were not discriminated against

-cap on payments

-free well visits & preventative visits

-free birth control

-initially required American’s to be enrolled in health care, but this is no longer the case

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23
Q

what is a determinant health behavior in the health belief model?

A

disease avoidance

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24
Q

this is an illness constantly present in the community

A

endemic

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25
what is community empowerment based on?
strengths and assests
26
what is a predisposing factor in the PRECEDE
behavior & knowledge
27
what step in the health planning model compares the aggregate w/ the norm?
assessment
28
how does the nurse ensure effective health education / health care promotion?
must know the pt's needs
29
immunizations are an example of this prevention
primary prevention - prevents before illness starts
30
screening for cancers is an example of this prevention
secondary - early detection
31
medications and surgery are examples of this type of prevention
tertiary - treatment for prevention of further complications
32
this is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical capacities.
health
33
what is the goal of community/public health?
to maintain or preserve the overall health of the community members
34
extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the community level through both government and private efforts
community health
35
public health is the science and art of what 3 things?
-preventing disease -prolonging life -promoting health & efficiency through organized community effort
36
what level of prevention is the prevention of problems before they occur? it is also health promotion & health protection
primary prevention
37
what level of prevention is early detection and intervention? it's an early diagnosis and treatment phase
secondary prevention
38
what level of prevention is the correction & prevention of deterioration of a disease state? it's the limitation of disability & rehabilitation
tertiary prevention
39
education is an example of what type of prevention
primary
40
lab work, mammograms, and scoliosis exams are examples of what type of prevention
secondary
41
medication management, checking blood sugar & blood pressure is an example of what type of prevention
tertiary
42
HIV testing & papsmears are what type of INDIVIDUAL prevention
secondary
43
skin care for incontinent patients is what type of INDIVIDUAL prevention
tertiary
44
teaching new clients w/ diabetes how to administer insulin is an example of what type of INDIVIDUAL prevention
tertiary
45
teaching dietary during pregnancy & immunizations is an example of what type of INDIVIDUAL prevention
primary (health promotion!)
46
dental exams & TB testing for family at risk is an example of what type of FAMILY prevention
secondary
47
adequate housing is an example of what type of FAMILY prevention
primary
48
mental health counseling or referral for family in crisis is an example of what type of FAMILY prevention
tertiary
49
dietary instructions & monitoring for family w/ overweight members is an example of what type of FAMILY prevention
tertiary
50
education regarding dental care or nutritional counseling is an example of what type of FAMILY prevention
primary
51
birthing classes for pregnant teens is an example of what type of GROUP prevention
primary
52
AIDS & other STD education for high school students are examples of what type of GROUP prevention?
secondary
53
vision screening of 1st grade class is an example of what type of GROUP prevention?
secondary
54
hearing tests at a senior center is an example of what type of GROUP prevention?
secondary
55
group counseling for grade school children w/ asthma is an example of what kind of GROUP prevention?
tertiary
56
swim therapy for physically disabled elders at a senior center is what type of GROUP prevention
tertiary
57
mental health services for military veterans is what type of GROUP prevention
tertiary
58
alcoholics anonymous & other self help groups is an example of what type of GROUP prevention
tertiary
59
fluoride water supplementation is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
primary
60
environmental sanitation is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
primary
61
removal of environmental hazards is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
primary
62
organized screening programs for community such as health fairs is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
secondary
63
VDRL (syphillis screening) for marriage license applicants in a city is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
secondary
64
lead screening for children by school district is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
secondary
65
shelter & relocation centers for fire or earthquake victims is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
tertiary
66
emergency medic al services is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
tertiary
67
community mental health services for chronically mentally ill is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
tertiary
68
home care services for chronically ill is an example of what type of COMMUNITY prevention?
tertiary
69
this kind of thinking equates to prevention ... it's where the real problem lies
upstream
70
this kind of thinking examines the origins of disease, nurses identify social, political, environmental, and economic factors that often lead to poor health options for both individual and populations
thinking upstream
71
prevention vs cure
spending money on prevention saves money and improves health, cure is expensive and does little to improve health of population
72
what are the 3 core public health functions?
1. assessment (monitor, diagnose, research) 2. assurance (protect health/ensure safety, link people, health care workforce, evaluate effectiveness) 3. policy development (inform, mobilize, develop policies based on research)
72
Community members take on a greater authority to create change
community empowerment
73
Success of community intervention is based on
community involvement
74
purpose of community health diagnosis
clearly states the community's problem & how to come up w/ a plan & implement
75
what does it take for a theory to be useful for public health nursing
different populations must be able to use it, broad scope
76
she established Henry Street Settlement, "one of helping ppl to help themselves" & established public health nursing in the US aka Visiting Nurses Association of NYC
Lillian Wald
77
what is aggregate of people
the "who", community shares personal characteristics & Risks
78
what does a Needs assessment determine?
areas for improvement
79
this focuses on prevention, NOT curing it
thinking upstream
80
downstream vs upstream thinking
downstream- cure upstream - prevention
81
microscopic vs macroscopic focus
microscopic = individual pt, like their behaviors macroscopic = society/economic factors
82
this model focuses on the individual as the focus of change, it helps develop understanding of factors that influence preventive health behaviors
health care belief model
83
this model focuses on preventing health problems through a focus on health choices
milio's framework for prevention
84
Combining the individual and community theoretical frameworks to collectively accomplish goals (both upstream & downstream approach)
critical interactionism
85
this theory explores myriad biopsychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities but does not include threat as a motivator as a threat may not be a motivating factor for clients in all age groups
Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM)
86
this theory provides basis for health education & promotion today. Originally attempted to explain why public failed to participate in a screening for TB but can be extrapolated to other screenings. Has several constructs such as perceived seriousness, susceptibility, benefits of treatment, barriers to treatment, etc that relate to the client’s perception.
Health Belief Model (HBM) ***microscopic theory!
87
refers to behaviors that prevent or detect disease and maximize
health protection
88
these include biology, behaviors, social environment, physical environment, policies and interventions, and access to high-quality health
determinants of health
89
this is the probability that a specific event will occur
risk
90
these are exposures associated w/ a disease
risk factors
91
this is a systematic way of identifying risks from potentially harmful exposure
risk assessment
92
4 steps of health planning model
-assessment -planning -intervention -evaluation
93
PRECEDE model
Predisposing Reinforcing Enabling Constructs in Ecosystem Diagnosis and Evaluation **Assess for the diagnostic and planning process to assist in the development of focused public health programs.
94
PROCEED model
Policy Regulatory Organizational Constructs in Educations and Environmental Development **Guides the implementation and evaluation of the programs.
95
these are defined or formed by natural and/or human-made boundaries and includes cities, counties, states, and nations.
geopolitical communities
96
these are relational, interactive groups, such as, schools, colleges synagogues, and mosque.
Phenomenological communities
97
orem vs milio
orem - microscopic (self care needs) milio - macroscopic (focuses on prevention)

Community Health (4 decks)

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