Final Exam / ATI Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
infectious agent alone isn’t sufficient to cause disease; agent must be transmitted within a conducive environment to a susceptible host
A
multi causation
2
Q
number of people in population that have the disease in a given point of time
A
prevalence
3
Q
number of new cases at a given point in time
A
incidence
4
Q
how is TB spread
A
airborne, inhalation / droplet
5
Q
how is TB tested
& when is it read
A
mantoux test (PPD) which is purified protein derivative under the skin (6mm wheel of fluid) w/ subq needle
must be read within 48-72 hours
6
Q
how do you know if TB test is positive
(non-immunocompromised vs immunocompromised)
A
greater than 10mm induration in non-immunocompromised pts
greater than 5mm induration in immunocompromised pts
7
Q
what is an induration
A
elevation, solid/firm texture of the skin that you can see from looking from the side. palpate it for elevation! this is not redness
8
Q
what to do it mantoux test is positive
A
obtain chest x ray for nodules in the lobes to confirm TB
9
Q
what color triage tag means walking wounded, minor injuries
A
green tag
10
Q
what color triage tag means systemic but not yet life threatening… can wait 45-60 min
A
yellow tag
11
Q
what color triage tag means life threatening, immediate priority
A
red tag
12
Q
what color triage tag means deceased or injuries so extensive that chance of living is low
A
black tag
13
Q
what tag means contamination exposure
A
hazmat tag, unknown exposure
14
Q
can a triage pt have two tags?
A
yes, but one has to be a hazmat tag
15
Q
RNs responsibility in regards to communicable disease
A
be prepared to intervene
16
Q
this is when the virus is replicating, but not yet shedding so client does not have s/s yet
A
latent period
17
Q
this is when shedding of the viral agent occurs, the pt is infectious at this period. may or may not have s/s at this point. person can transmit the disease to others at this stage.
A
communicable period
18
Q
consistent, expected level in a geographic area
(ex: STIs, TB)
A
endemic
19
Q
unexpected occurrence in a limited geographic area during a limited period
(ex: Measles)
A
outbreak
20
Q
unexpected increase in occurrence in a geographic area over an extended period of time
A
epidemic
21
Q
steady occurrence that covers a large geographic area or is evident worldwide
A
pandemic
22
Q
ability to invade and infect
A
infectivity
23
Q
agent’s ability to produce serious disease in its host
A
virulence
common cold - not serious, but easily passed
or
ebola - serious, ending in death (very virulent!)
**most viruses aren’t extremely virulent bc virus will die within the host
24
Q
this is the environment in which a pathogen lives and multiples
A
reservoir
25
how do you control the human reservoir in order to break the transmission chain at the portal of exist
quarantine or isolation
26
this is controlled within a specified geographic area and prevalence / incidence reads to near 0
ex: measles... we have it controlled. it's not gone, but we do still have occasional outbreaks
elimination
27
this is reducing worldwide incidence to zero at a function of deliberate efforts
**we have only eradicated one single disease = small pox
eradication
28
this is the reduction of incidence or prevalence to locally acceptable levels (not as good as elimination) ... it's okay to have a certain amount of them
control
29
this is the vaccine storage process that ensures vaccines are stored, transported, and handled at designated temps to ensure efficacy
cold chain system
**if removed, they quickly lose efficacy
30
when is the meningitis vaccine first administered
what's it called
when is the booster
what happens if you miss it?
age 11-12
called the meningococcal conjugate vaccine
booster is at age 16
get it at age 16-23 serogroup B if you missed it
31
these are genital warts like giant cauliflower
rough, grey, brown papules
single or in groups
verruca , from HPV
32
how to treat verruca (HPV warts)
surgical removal cryotherapy
electrocautery , laser therapy
imiquimod (aldara) topically
33
this can be transmitted sexually unless on antiviral
it's a virus that lives in the body, once it's removed, it can still return
HPV - verruca (warts)
34
high risk behavior that increases rate of communicable disease among all populations, especially those incarcerated
drug use
35
what is the primary motivator for hate crime
race, sexual orientation, ethnic background, religion, politics
36
this is hitting, tripping, teasing, threatening... common in younger crowd
bullying
37
type of violence that crosses all socioeconomic, racial, and educational lines
intimate partner violence (Everyone is at risk!)
38
modern day slavery that occurs globally in domestic settings as well as the sex trade
human trafficking
39
what is the purpose of terrorism
causes fear in order to intimidate and coerce to accomplish a political goal
40
difference between disaster and emergency
disaster- event that causes level of destruction death or injury that affects the community
emergency- event that causes a level of destruction death or injury that is personal
41
when does disaster management begins
before the disaster occurs
42
primary prevention for disasters
develop evacuation routes, educate where they are
encourage disaster supplies
43
secondary prevention for disaster
shelter in place, search & rescue
44
tertiary prevention for disaster
recovery, reconstruction, physical and emotional recovery
45
governmental responsibility in regard to disaster
safety / welfare of citizens
police, fire, public health, public works (water, sewer, utilities), EMS, emergency preparedness, search & rescues
46
state responsibility in regard to disaster
oTech support for prevention, preparedness, response and recovery
oAssist local emergency management plans
oSteps in when local government overwhelmed (they have to be invited, state can’t just jump in)
47
federal government in regard to disaster
oUSDHS (homeland security)- Prevents terrorism and ensure resilience to natural and man-made disasters
oFEMA- Support citizens and first responders
oCDC- Conduct surveillance to ensure that clean drinking water, food, shelter, and medical care are available for those affected
48
what are high priority agents for bioterrorism
smallpox
botulism
anthrax
tularemia
49
treatment for smallpox
no cure, but vaccine available for those at high risk like military, government members
50
treatment for botulism (from canned goods that causes lock jaw/muscle tightness)
airway management, administration of antitoxin
51
treatment for anthrax
vaccine for those at high risk of exposure
cipro/doxy for prevention
antitoxin and IV cipro/doxy for treatment
52
role of the occupational health RN
ensure safe and healthy workplace at a basic level
collab w/ health care providers
53
this is the occupational safety health act that has most impact in the workplace and helps guide occupational health Rns work
OSHA
54
OSHA is responsible for this which should be at every place of work for every chemical that's used at the place of work (tells you the chemical and how to treat)
MSDS (material safety data sheet)
55
primary prevention for occupational health
education such as nutrition, body mechanics, health hazards, immunizations, protective equipment
56
secondary prevention for occupational health
identify workplace hazards, early detection through surveillance and screening, prompt treatment, counseling, referral
57
tertiary prevention for occupational health
restoration of health through rehab and/or limited duty programs
58
8 component of school health programs
health education
physical education
health/preventative services
nutrition
counseling/social services
health school environment
health promotion for staff
family & community involvement
59
this determines prevalence of health risk behaviors, assess whether they increase/decrease/remain the same, examine cooccurrence of behaviors, provide comparable data about sub population of youth, monitors progress toward achieve HP2020 objectives
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)
60
this is the most common diseases that school health nurses deal with daily
asthma
61
this is historically, church communities provided care for
indigent and disenfranchised persons
faith community nursing
62
disruption in the life principle that pervades a person's entire being and integrates / transcends ones biological and pyschosocial nature
spiritual distress
63
subspecialty of forensic nursing where evidence is collected / testimony from victims of assault and documented this or use in trials
employed by crisis center/ EDS
**assess & document physical findings
SANE
64
what is important to do as a home health nurse
assess mental & physical well being of the caregivers
65
this means the protection of privacy, inform consent, fulfill clients goal, respect for person, pts right of self government
autonomy
66
this means to do no harm (monitor labs, conditions, evaluate pts outcomes)
nonmaleficence
67
this means the right to do good, max benefits, minimal harm. assess costs & risks/benefits when planning interventions for pts
beneficence
68
this is visual only, no community input or interviews are involved
windshield survey
69
public health's core functions
assessment -Collect, review, share data regarding conditions, risks, and resources
assurance - Availability of health services throughout community. During normal as well as emergency situations
policy development - Using the data gathered to develop policies and push funds toward those policies
70
Ongoing systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data that’s then 56 disseminated to those responsible for preventing disease and other health conditions
Enables decision makers to lead and manage effectively
Tells us where the problems are, who is affected and where programmatic and prevention activities should be directed
Surveillance
71
barriers for migrant workers
language barrier
cultural barrier
pesticide exposure
lack health/dental care
lack housing
discrimination
food insecurity
financial instability
children 12 and older work work but not protected under child labor act
72
health risks for migrant workers
dental disease
TB due to overcrowded
untreated chronic health conditions bc lack of health care
mental health concerns
lack of prenatal care (low birth weight)
increased infant mortality rate
more SITs, HIV, AIDS
73
s/s of pesticide poisoning
n/v, h/a, weakness, dizziness
74
common homeless population
unemployed, head of household, families w/ children, veterans, substance use disorders
**have no regular nighttime residence, have temporary residence
75
primary prevention for homeless
eliminate causes of homeless like expensive homes, low paid jobs, mental health disorders, improving parenting skills
76
secondary prevention for homeless
alleviating homelessness like locating shelters, assisting/finding long term housing
77
tertiary prevention for homelessness
make referrals for employee assistance or education programs so they don't become homeless again
provide education/referrals for mental health or substance use disorder
78
homeless health issues
TB
frequent upper resp infections
lice, scabies, fungal infections (skin)
trauma (rape, prostitution, survival sex)
mental health
hypothermia
malnutrition (anemia)
79
s/s of alcohol withdrawal
abdominal pain/cramping, n/v, tremors, restlessness, anxiety, increased RR & BP, seizures, dilated pupils
80
how much fruit should a kid have
2 cups/day
81
how much veggies should a kid have
2.5 cups/day
82
how much protein should kids have
5.5 oz/day
83
how much dairy should kids have
3 cups/day
84
how much grains should a kid have
6 oz/day
85
cholesterol for kids
less than 300mg/day
86
calcium fod kids
1300 mg/day
87
tuning fork behind ear on mastoid process to test for conductive hearing loss
Rinne test
88
tuning fork in middle of top of the head for sensorial hearing loss
Weber test
89
hepatitis how are they transmitted
A & E come from the sea (water borne)
A for agriculture
ends in a vowel, comes from the bowels (fecal/oral)
B, C, D comes from me aka blood
90
how to clean trach
tap water
91
this shows biological data from medical hx of family
genogram
92
what memory is impaired in AZ
what is first sign of AZ
impaired short term memory (recent memory)
first sign is word finding issues/forgetting what something is called
93
SE of ibuprofen
dyspepsia (heartburn)
nausea
GI ulceration
bleeding
epistaxis
h/a
dizzy
hypotension
fluid retention
94
the pathophysiological responses of the host to the infectious agent manifesting as an illness
communicable disease
95
the time from exposure to the pathogen to the development of symptoms
incubation period
96
childhood vaccine preventable diseases
chicken pox
DPT
polio
MMR
influenza B
PNA
influenza
96
reportable STIs
HIV
AIDS
gonorrhea
chlamydia
syphilis
97
this refers to actions to prevent specific disasters from occurring or to reduce the severity of a disaster's effects if it cannot be avoided.
**Providing community educational programs on disaster preparedness is the only intervention that addresses this
Mitigation
98
the president has to declare a national disaster for what to be made available
federal aid
99
primary prevention of school nurse
health promotion activities to prevent illness and injuries
100
secondary prevention of school nurse
early identification & intervention for health issues
101
tertiary prevention of school health nurse
support & management of chronic health conditions
