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Horse Production > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Stalls

A

Easy to feed and water in, harder to socialize and exercise

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2
Q

Pasture

A

Easy to exercise and socialize, less labor and feed costs (every horse needs 2-3 acres)

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3
Q

Dry lot

A

Spend more money and time on forage needs- good for weight maintenance

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4
Q

Basic needs of horses

A

Water, forage, shelter, exercise, social interactions (grain)

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5
Q

Where should gates be placed

A

Facing the barn to pull animals in, between pastures, not in corners (person could get trapped leaving)

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6
Q

water sources

A

Cheaper, conveniet if shared between fields, if it breaks both fields are out and horses can share germs between waterers, close to barn for checking convenience

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7
Q

Trailers

A

Need to be able to pull up to and turn around at the barn

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8
Q

Trees

A

Can be shelter, horses will tear them up, easier to grow them outside the fenceline

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9
Q

Feeding plan

A

Think of saftey and convience (walking into pen vs pouring over fence)

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10
Q

Double fencing

A

Biosecurity, safety (breeding stallions), people can look but not touch

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11
Q

Use of electric fencing

A

Improves durability, reduces maintenance

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12
Q

Fence pressure

A

How likley it is that the horse is going to want to exit that fence

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13
Q

What increases pressure on a fence

A

Smaller fields, younger animals, breeding animals

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14
Q

Fence height

A

Average height is 4 1/2 feet, high pressure fences are increased to 5-5 1/2

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15
Q

How deep should posts be in the ground

A

3-4 feet

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16
Q

Fencing material

A

Should always be on the animal side of the post- can’t break as easily with posts on the outisde

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17
Q

Main fencing concerns

A

Cost, saftey of fencing material, durability, maintenance, and upkeep of fence, visibility

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18
Q

Why are corners as limited as possible

A

Fencing and footing gets worn down faster, horses can get penned in and hurt

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19
Q

Wooden fence posts

A

can be circular or square, should be treated wood to withstand elements, harder to install

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20
Q

T- Posts

A

made of steel, cheaper and easier to install, tops must be capped or a horse could impale itself

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21
Q

Steel fence posts

A

lasts a long time, anything attached to the post must be welded on

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22
Q

Fiberglass fence posts

A

Somewhat felxible, limited things can be attached, runs electric fence

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23
Q

Key characteristics of equine behavior

A

Limited vision, prey animals, social animals, communication

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24
Q

How do horses see things better

A

Move head up and down, raise head to focus

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25
What are horses perceptive to
Changes in the environment
26
How do horses communicate
Body language
27
Whinny meaning
Location call
28
Stressed signs
Pacing, whites of eyes showing, stress poop
29
Always house horses together
Prey animals and find safety in numbers
30
Tree pens
Fence that surrounds just the tree- maintains the root integrity
31
Gate sizing
Bigger is better
32
High traffic areas
All weather paddock footing, concrete pads (can get icy)
33
Run in sheds
Each horse needs 120 square feet and then 60 square feet for each additional horse, 14x36 foot
34
Automatic waters advantages
less labor, free choice water, heated ones for winter
35
Water trough advantages
You can tell how much the horse is drinking, more labor, need heated
36
Pipe fencing
very safe, very strong, visible
37
Pipe and cable fencing
cheaper than pipe fencing, more maintenance- unsafe unless maintained
38
Board fence
- 4 board, can meet all of the spacing requirements, can electrify the top board
39
Vinyl board fencing
16 foot lengths, low maintenance, not strong, can splinter but safe if maintained
40
Board and wire (no climb)
woven wire are very strong and durable and safe
41
Electric tape fencing
2 inch tape is ideal, very affordable, easy to break, best for interior fences
42
Electric high tensile fencing
very affordable, not visible, not very safe, needs a sight board
43
Field fencing
- Typically has barbed wire on the top, visibility is a concern, horses can get hung up in the grids
44
Panels
prefer they meet at right corners so that horses do not get hung up in them
45
Flex fencing
vinyl, can electrify, safe fence, strong, expensive, visible
46
Barbed wire fencing
limited visibility, can cut horses, strong fence
47
Purpose of barns- efficient for people
Storage of supplies, health management, store animals, training
48
What do we need to store
Grain (keep out pests), hay, supplies,tack
49
Why is a hay bar advantagous
Blocks an animal that gets out from getting to the food
50
Stall height
Height- at least 10 foot tall, taller is better ventilation
51
Stall dimensions
12X12 feet at least
52
Stall Partitions
Can be wood, can be bars, can be a grid, make sure horse cannot get their foot through them, visually see other horses,
53
Flooring
Dirt is most economical, crushed rock, limewaste is a common base for stalls, heavy duty stall mats are better
54
Bedding types
Shavings, sawdust, or straw- absorbs less moisture, doesn't stick to animals, pellets (compressed sawdust)
55
Feeding hay
Hay racks, hay nets
56
Feeding grain
Corner feeders, hanging feeders
57
Ventilation
Doors and windows can help with ventilation, requires 4-8 air exchanges every hour
58
Height/location of outlets
Higher is better and one with every stall- horse shouldn't reach them and water should not reach them
59
Barn wiring
Should go through a conduit so no wires are cut (no sparks/fire risk)
60
Light bulbs in a barn
less safe to have exposed lightbulbs, can explode if touched with water, horses can hit them, cover lights
61
Lighting in foot candles
10= general, 30= work areas, 70= vet stocks
62
Dutch doors
top opens separately from the bottom, lots of extra maintenace
63
Door hardware
pins, latches, want ones that don’t have them poking out into the aisle or doorway
64
Flashing
piece of thin metal that goes over wood so they don’t chew the wood
65
Non slip floor
especially if using concrete, texture the concrete so that horses don’t slip
66
Lined walls
thick wood that the horse cant kick through on the inside of the walls (5 feet above the ground)
67
What should aisle length be
12’-14’ feet
68
Unique aspects of horse digestion
Quick rate of passage, hindgut fermenter, no gallbladder, teeth continue to erupt
69
Why can't horses vomit
No muscluar vasculature, strong stomach sphincter
70
Limit of fat that should be fed in a horse's diet
The amounts of fat and oils in diet needs to be less than 12% of total diet
71
Aspects of the mouth
chewing food into smaller particles, narrow bottom mouth and wider top mouth provides greater surface area, inside of the lower jaw can get sharp so teeth get floated
72
Diastema
gap in the teeth
73
Stomach
2-4 gallons in size, can empty more frequently, allows them to run and not get sick
74
Small intestine
70 ft in length, absorption, can only absorb what has already been broken down in the stomach
75
Cecum
fiber fermentation, main microbial population lives , produce VFA’s
76
Large colon
Absorb VFA’s as an energy source from the cecum, water absorption
77
Small colon
fecal balls are formed
78
What is the horse's large intestine
The cecum and the colon
79
How fast should the rate of passage be for a horse
Stomach- 15 minutes, SI- 30-45 minutes, LI- 2.5-3 days
80
Missing/poor teeth concern
impacts grinding surface and they cannot utilize all the food going to GI tract
81
Choke concerns- do not give food or water
happens when food is too large to fit down esophagus, scars can form in esophagus, most often caused by bad teeth or horses that bolt feed (eat too fast), saliva comes out of their nose, yawning, neck stretching
82
Ruptured stomach
Can have blockage in the GI tract, take tube into stomach to make sure stomach is not under pressure
83
gastric ulcer
erosion on the lining of the stomach, get them on the squamous area (doesn't have mucus) caused by stress and not enough fiber in the diet,
84
Colic
Number one cause of death for horses, abdomominal pain, most common cause is impaction (food gets stuck along GI tract)
85
Laminitis (founder)
#2 cause of death for horses, lamina problems in the hoof, caused by what the animal has eaten- overload of sugars triggers an insulin respons- horse rocks back if painful
86
How much water should a horse drink a day
10-12 gallons, should be free choice
87
What could cause an increase in consumption
Heat, more hay, lactation, exercise (2-3x more)
88
What could cause a decrease in consmuption
Weird tasting water and hot water
89
What vitamin is good for vision
A, found in good forage, fat soluble
90
What vitamin is synthesised from the sun and dry forage
D, fat soluble
91
What vitamin is good for muscle function
E, fat soluble, present in legumes
92
What vitamin helps with clotting
K, fat soluble, produced by cecum microbial population
93
What vitamin is good for metabolism
B complex, water soluble, produced by cecum microbial population
94
What vitamin is good for immune funciton
C, water soluble, produced in the liver
95
Biotin
Supplement important for hoof growth
96
Mineral bioavaliability
Organic minerals are easily digestable
97
Homeostatic minerals
Na, Cl, K- blood pressure and electrolytes
98
Structural minerals
Ca, P, Mg- bone health and growth
99
Ratio of Ca to P for mature animals
1.1 Ca to 1 P and 5 Ca to 1 P
100
Ratio of Ca to P for growing animals
1.1:1 to 3.0.1 Ideal is 2:1
101

Horse Production (4 decks)

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