Exam 1 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is the definition of neuroplasticity
The adaptive capability of the CNS, through reorganization of structure and function, elicited by behavioral, sensory, and cognitive experiences.
What are the 10 principles of neuroplasticity?
- Use it or lose it
- Use it and improve it
- Specificity
- Repetition matters
- Intensity matters
- Time matters
- Salience matters
- Age matters
- Transference
- Interference
Use it or lose it
-Definition and example
-Neural circuits not actively engaged in task performance for an extended period of time begin to degrade
-ex. CVA (stroke patient): left side hemiparesis (weakness)-> left arm movement is effortful-> left arm movement attempts are unsuccessful-> compensate by using Right arm for most tasks->learned non-use
Use it and improve it
-Definition and example
-Training that drives a specific brain function can lead to an enhancement of that function
ex. CIMT-constraint induced movement therapy for patient who had stroke/brain injury-> unaffected limb is put in sling to encourage the use of the affected limb
Specificity
-Definition and example
-The nature of the training experience dictates the nature of the plasticity
-SPECIFIC movement
-Ex. patient has trouble going up the stairs so we practice going up stairs with them
or
Patient has trouble with sit to stand so we want to practice that with them instead of just putting them on the total gym
Repetition matters
-Definition and example
Induction of plasticity requires sufficient practice
-Increased practice strengthens neural circuits
ex. infants learning to walk
ex. Performing tasks at the clinic and at home (carryover)
Intensity Matters
-Definition and example
Induction of plasticity requires challenging current capacity
ex. teaching a patient that had a stroke to stand up in a chair by gradually increasing the difficulty by using mats/pads to heighten the chair and gradually get lower
Time matters
-Definition and example
Different forms of plasticity occur at different times during training
ex. training is more effective sooner after injury rather than months later etc.
Salience Matters
-Definition and example
The training experience must be sufficiently meaningful to induce plasticity
-a “point” to the exercise
-Emotions help bring long lasting change/memory
-ex. adult who loves playing pickleball and finding a way to incorporate that into their therapy
or
Pediatric patient finding “fun” in the exercise
Age Matters
-Definition and example
-Training induced plasticity occurs more readily in younger brains
ex. expect younger patient to show more improvement than an older patient with the same condition
Transference
-Definition and example
-Plasticity in response to one training experience can enhance the acquisition of a similar behavior
-generalization
-Practicing things through simulation so they can perform them at home
-Gait training on treadmill using body weight to improve ground walking (both involve walking but different scenarios)
Interference
-Definition and example
-Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
-Neuroplasticity that we want to elicit is inhibited by NEW learning that has occurred through COMPENSATION
-ex. Following brain injury many people teach themselves movements that are easier to perform to compensate
APTA vision statement
Building a community that advances the profession of physical therapy to improve the health of society
Physical therapy profession vision statement
Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience
What does ICF stand for ?
International classification of functioning disability and health framework
Health condition portion of the ICF
-Disorder or disease
-Ankle sprain, LBP, stroke etc (why they are in PT)
Body functions and structures/Impairments part of the ICF
Body functions:
-cardiovascular functions
-Digestive Functions
-Neuromuscular Functions
-Voice and speech functions
Body structures:
-muscles, joints, heart, brain
Impairments:
- pain
-Decreased strength
-Lack of ROM
-Decreased endurance
-etc
Activities/Activity limitations in the ICF
Activities:
-Self-care
-Mobility: getting out of bed, standing up from chair, walking, stairs
-Communication: speaking writing
Activity Limitations:
-Assistance needed with any activity: moderate, maximal, and minimal assist for example
-Inability to perform activity
Participation/Participation restrictions in the ICF
Participation:
-Employment
-Attending school
-Hobbies
-Sports
-Grocery shopping
-Driving
Participation restrictions:
-Restricted participation in involvement in life situations listed above
ex. unable to eat at table with family or unable to grocery shop etc
Environmental factors in the ICF
-House vs apartment
-stairs
-Transportation (car/bus/subway)
-ramp access
-technology access (computer, cell -phone, dictation software)
-education system
-Home modifications
-Support and relationships
Personal Factors in the ICF
-Age
-Gender
-Profession/occupation
-Coping style
-Social background
-Education
-Experience
-Behavior
-Character
A PT is working with a patient on squat to stand so that he can get back to gardening after knee replacement, what principle of neuroplasticity would this be?
Transference
A PT asks a soccer player to kick a soccer ball instead of doing long arc quads, what principle of neuroplasticity would this be?
Specificity
A patient admits that she has not been performing her HEP because she doesn’t see the point of these exercises, what principle of neuroplasticity would this be?
Salience
