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Functional Movement > Exam 2 Material > Flashcards

Exam 2 Material Flashcards

1
Q

Motor control says movement comes from what?

A

interaction between the task, performer, and their environment

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2
Q

static task examples

A

sitting and standing
(not moving)

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3
Q

dynamic task examples

A

sit to stand
walking
step up/down
reach to grasp
rolling
APA
RPA

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4
Q

what two observable constructs are involved in the movement analysis model?

A

postural control and coordination

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5
Q

postural control includes what?

A

verticality and stability

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6
Q

coordination includes what?

A

smoothness, timing, sequencing, accuracy

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7
Q

what are the six core tasks?

A

-sitting
-sit to stand
-standing
-walking
-step up/down
-reach/grasp/manipulate

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8
Q

Initial conditions

A

-evaluation of the environment and observing STARTING posture
-ex. symmetry, alignment, posture (verticality and stability), environment

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9
Q

Movement preparation (aka preparation)

A

-Does the individual understand the instructions?
-How do they prepare for the task?
-Are they performing the baseline task without modifications?
-ex. To stand up are they changing the positioning of their feet, or are they reaching for an arm rest, pulling on the side of the bed etc.
-Sometimes it is not observable

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10
Q

Initiation

A

-Begins the moment the displacement of the segment begins
-Does the movement begin with the appropriate timing and in appropriate direction?
-Looking at sequencing and timing

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11
Q

Execution

A

-period of actual segment movement
-how do they execute the movement?
(vision (like turning head), using all limbs or one side,etc)

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12
Q

Termination

A

-Instant when the motion stops
-How did they end their transition/movement (knees bent, BOS, etc)

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13
Q

If expected outcome is met, what is next?

A

repeat task at least once with progression as needed

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14
Q

If expected outcome is not met, what is next?

A

Repeat with task regression

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15
Q

what is the order of the movement analysis framework

A

initial conditions
prep
initiation
execution
termination
expected outcome achieved?

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16
Q

-As an individual ages, ____ and ____ are progressively lost? (that we discussed)
-This makes it harder to do what?

A

-loss of muscle strength(especially core) and spinal flexibility
-makes it harder to move in the horizontal plane (like rolling)

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17
Q

What three areas are typically used to initiate a roll?

A

-UE
-Head-trunk
-LE

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18
Q

Expected outcome

A

-Was the speed appropriate
-Symptoms of the task (dizziness etc)
-Consistency in performance
-Progressions/regressions?

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19
Q

Does rolling include critical events?

A

NO
-rolling is variable so the person does NOT have to go through critical events

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20
Q

When would we do movement analysis?

A

-early in examination process
-generate hypothesis about contributing factors
-consider further testing
-Pattern recognition (a must for PT’s)
-Informs for Prognosis and intervention to select appropriate tests/measures

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21
Q

Body functions and structures part of the ICF includes what? Impairments would include?

A

Body functions: examples
-Cardiovascular functions
-Digestive functions
neuromuscular functions
-Voice and speech functions

Body structures: examples
-muscles
-joints
-heart

Impairments: examples
-pain
-decreased strength
-lacks ROM
-decreased endurance
-Decreased balance/coordination
-Impaired sensation

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22
Q

Examples of activities of the ICF model

A

-self care
-mobility: getting out of bet, walking, stairs etc
-Communication: speaking or writing

Activity limitations:
-assistance needed with any activity
-inability to perform activity

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23
Q

what is a regulatory factor

A

something that can be controlled
-surface

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24
Q

what is a non-regulatory factor

A

-environment that you cannot control
-weather, noise, weight of blankets etc

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25
Base of support definition
-area enclosed within all points of body contact with supporting surface
26
Center of mass definition
single point at which all the mass lies
27
Center of pressure
single location where the gravitational line through center of mass would strike supporting surface
28
Balance/Equilibrium definition
state of object when all resultant load acts upon it are at zero "static"
29
Stability definition
the inherent ability of an object to remain in or return to a specific state of balance and not to fall
30
Limit of stability definition
maximum distance a person can intentionally move without losing balance
31
postural control definition
-act of maintaining, achieving, or restoring a state of balance and stability during any posture or functional activity -maintain stability in upright posture by keeping the COM over/within the BOS through integration of sensorimotor systems
32
Is sitting static or dynamic?
-can be BOTH -it is NOT a transitional movement
33
what is APA (anticipatory postural adjustment)
self-initiated or expected movements -reaching, throwing, lifting etc
34
What is RPA (Reactive postural adjustment)
Unexpected from external forces -moving surfaces, catching unfamiliar objects etc
35
what are the three critical phases of reach to grasp
-Preparatory phase -Transport phase -Grasp phase
36
what does the preparatory phase of reach to grasp include
-visually ID the object (head and eyes move toward the target) to acquire spatial info, distance of hand to object, and precision requirements
37
What does the transport phase of reach to grasp include
-Acceleration and deceleration -Begins with UE vertical lift followed by horizontal trajectory -Ends when the hand touches the object/target -the trunk and UE are dissociated when UE begins moving during the transport phase
38
In the transport phase of reach to grasp, what is acceleration?
Two primary movements 1. Vertical movement: UE lifts vertically from support surface to initiate the reach to grasp movement pattern -no hand opening -arm is dissociated from trunk 2. Horizontal movement: UE continues for lift vertically while moving horizontally toward the target/object -hand/wrist begin to open/extend for preshaping
39
In the transport phase of reach to grasp, what is deceleration?
-Maximum hand opening occurs in the middle of deceleration phase -Hand begins to descend and the UE begins to slow down
40
Grasp phase of reach to grasp begins when?
-begins when the object is touched -ends when the object is grasped (full hand closure) -2 primary sub-phases: grip formation and finger closure
41
What is the grip formation sub- phase of the grasp phase, of reach to grasp
-Shaping -Once the hand arrives at the target object, the hand posture is refined to match the characteristics of the object through somatosensory feedback
42
What is the finger closure sub-type of the grasp phase, of reach to grasp?
-Most powerful grip -Fingers flex around object to keep contact with palm and fingers -Two types: cylindrical and spherical
43
What is finger closure or precision grip
-object is small or fragile that requires accuracy and fine movements -tend to hold between thumb and index finger -No palm movement -3 types: pad->pad, tip->tip, and lateral prehension
44
what is pad-> pad grip formation
-type of power grip -thumb and index like a "pinch"
45
what is tip->tip grip formation
-type of power grip -aka "pincer" -tip of pointer finger and tip of thumb -looks as if you would be holding a very small nail by the fingernails
46
what is lateral prehension grip formation
-thumb and pointer finger metacarpal area -holding a key
47
what is anticipatory control based on when discussing reach to grasp
vision -ability to plan hand shape and size of object (preshaping) -ability to plan force required to pick up object
48
what is adaptation based on when discussing reach to grasp
somatosensory -ability to detect error in force (slip-grip force) and modify accordingly -being able to adjust essentially
49
what is slip-grip force?
ability to detect error in force and modify accordingly based on weight and texture
50
Prep phase for reach->grasp
Verbal instructions -did they understand ? -can they perform baseline task without modifications ?
51
initial conditions for reach->grasp
-environment -symmetry -alignment -postural control (verticality and stability)
52
Initiation phase for reach->grasp
does movement begin with appropriate -timing -sequencing -appropriate direction
53
Execution phase for reach->grasp
-appropriate ROM to approach the cup (amplitude and accuracy) -grasp smooth, continuous etc (timing and smoothness) -appropriate height of lifting cup ?
54
Termination phase for reach->grasp
-does the person manipulate the cup so as to empty its contents into the receptable -Do they place the cup back down on the table surface with appropriate force/control
55
What are the four critical phases of sit to stand ?
Flexion momentum momentum transfer extension stabalization
56
What is the first phase of sit to stand and what does it entail? What are the critical events in this phase?
Flexion momentum: -Begins at movement initiation -Ends just before lift-off -Trunk and pelvis rotate to generate momentum -LE stable OR ankles and knees flex -Critical events: initial foot placement backward (~10cm behind knee) & momentum generation at the trunk
57
What is phase II of sit to stand and what does it entail? What are the critical events of this phase?
Momentum transfer: -Begins at lift-off -ends at max ankle dorsiflexion -Momentum transfers from upper body to total body -Anterior movement of thigh leads to tibial translation (tibia goes forward over toes) Critical events: continued flexion of the hips with ankle dorsiflexion
58
What is phase III of sit to stand and what does it entail? What are the critical events of this phase?
Extension: -Begins at max ankle dorsiflexion -Ends at max hip extension Critical events: sequence of lower limb extension (knee, hip, and ankle)
59
What is the fourth and final phase of sit to stand and what does it entail? What are the critical events of this phase?
Stabilization: -Begins at max hip extension -Ends with ankle flexion/extension Critical events: ankle strategy
60
What should the starting conditions look like for sit to stand ?
surface: firm and unsupported BOS: self-selected Hands: resting on lap
61
Termination of sit to stand
-Does the person maintain COM (center of mass) over BOS (base of support) without excessive sway
62

Functional Movement (2 decks)

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