Exam 1 Flashcards
(67 cards)
Objective truth
Fact - sexual orientation is costly complicated and potentially hurtful
Stories we tell ourselves
Social contructs/fiction sexual orientation are cheap, often simple, and comforting
Objective
Phenomenon exist independent of human beliefs
Subjective
Phenomenon involves the beliefs of a single individual
Intersubjective
Phenomenon (social constructs) involve the shared belief of a network of individuals
What is the social construct view of sexual orientation?
individual requires their sexual orientation post natal, and it is then conceptualized through how we socialize, and it varies cross culturally and historically
What is queer theory?
A variant of social constructionism, which claim special expertise in relation to sex differences and sexual orientation. It is a political strategy as opposed to a theory that attempts to explain reality.
Etic
Refers to an understanding of cultural or historical time from the perspective of the outsider studying the culture or the time.
What is the biological (essentialist) view of sexual orientation
It is a biological process shared by all humans influence the development of sexual orientation. This process happens prenatally and individuals are not blank slate at birth. One sexual orientation emerges in develops, regardless of historical or cultural context.
Describe the process of sexual development
Begins with the fusion of to anisogamous gametes
Gametes are haploid cells contain a single set of 23 chromosomes
The fusion of two gametes produced a diploid cell that develops into a new individual
Diploid cells contain 46 chromosomes ( 23 pairs 22 pairs of autosomes plus one sex chromosome)
The mullerian duct system
The absence of testosterones, wolffian duct system will regress
The mullerian duct system will continue to grow if there is no presence of testosterone or a Y chromosome
Timeline of sexual development
6 weeks - the SRY gene triggers embryonic, gonadal tissue to develop into testes or DAX-1 gene direct embryonic gonadal tissue to develop into ovaries
8 weeks - either the mullerian or wolffian duct system develop/regress
10 weeks - testosterone causes external male genitalia to develop and in the absence of T female external genitalia will develop
The wolffian duct system
MIH causes the millennium duct system to regress
Testosterone promotes the development of the wolffian duct system to develop into the male reproductive tract.
Biological sex
the production of one type of gamete or the other
how is sex determined vs denoted
it is determined by sex chromosomes
the structures that result from organizational effects denote sex
intersexuality
individuals whose chromosomes, gonad, internal structure and/or genitals exhibit mixed-sex characteristics
what can cause intersexuality/ DSD
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
5- alpha reductase deficiency
Guevedoce
individuals that are assigned a third sex for social purposes
does sex exist on a continuum
no it does not as it is not continuous, you are either female, male, or intersex
Gender
is a belief system used to construct categories based on the concepts of masculinity and femininity. You can gender something by giving it masculine or feminine traits
gender role expectations
culturally prescribed rules associated with how individuals that are perceived to occupy a particular gendered category of personhood should behave
Gender role enactment/presentation
the constellation of masculine and feminine behaviours that individuals manifest
Gender differences
average group differences in gender role enactment
psycho-behavioural sex differences
do not originate as a result og gender role expectations rather they precede such socialization, expression can be subsequently influence by those expecations
