Exam 1

Question 1

G 1

Answer 1

cell grows and prepares for DNA replication by synthesizing proteins and organelles

Question 2

S

Answer 2

DNA synthesis/ replication -> creates 2 identical copies of the genome

Question 3

G2

Answer 3

2nd growth phase were nuclear envelope envelopes and 2 centromeres are formed

Question 4

homologous chromosomes

Answer 4

pair of chromosomes with same genes but different alleles (same info different version)

Question 5

sister chromatids

Answer 5

identical copies of single chromosome created during DNA replication

Question 6

in 2n=6 what does 6 mean

Answer 6

total chromosomes per cell

Question 7

chromosomes per cell in mitosis prophase

Answer 7

same as beginning

Question 8

chromosomes per cell in mitosis metaphase

Answer 8

same as beginning

Question 9

chromosomes per cell in mitosis anaphase

Answer 9

double beginning

Question 10

chromosomes per cell in mitosis telophase

Answer 10

double beginning

Question 11

chromosomes per cell in mitosis product

Answer 11

same as beginning

Question 12

chromatids per chromosome in mitosis prophase

Answer 12

2

Question 13

chromatids per chromosome in mitosis metaphase

Answer 13

2

Question 14

chromatids per chromosome in mitosis anaphase

Answer 14

1

Question 15

chromatids per chromosome in mitosis telophase

Answer 15

1

Question 16

chromatids per chromosome in mitosis products

Answer 16

1

Question 17

chromosomes per cell in meiosis prophase 1

Answer 17

same as beginning

Question 18

chromosomes per cell in meiosis metaphase 1

Answer 18

same as beginning

Question 19

chromosomes per cell in meiosis anaphase 1

Answer 19

same as beginning

Question 20

chromosomes per cell in meiosis telophase 1

Answer 20

same as beginning

Question 21

chromosomes per cell in meiosis prophase 2

Answer 21

half beginning

Question 22

chromosomes per cell in meiosis metaphase 2

Answer 22

half beginning

Question 23

chromosomes per cell in meiosis anaphase 2

Answer 23

same as beginning

Question 24

chromosomes per cell in meiosis telophase 2

Answer 24

same as beginning

Question 25

chromosomes per cell in meiosis products

Answer 25

half beginning

Question 26

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis prophase 1

Answer 26

2

Question 27

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis metaphase 1

Answer 27

2

Question 28

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis anaphase 1

Answer 28

2

Question 29

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis telophase 1

Answer 29

2

Question 30

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis prophase 2

Answer 30

2

Question 31

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis metaphase 2

Answer 31

2

Question 32

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis anaphase 2

Answer 32

1

Question 33

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis telophase 2

Answer 33

1

Question 34

chromatids per chromosome in meiosis products

Answer 34

1

Question 35

allele

Answer 35

variation of a gene

Question 36

in 2n=6 was does 2 represent

Answer 36

number of sets of chromosomes (2 of each type)

Question 37

meiosis division 1 is the separation of ---

Answer 37

homologs

Question 38

meiosis division 2 is the separation of ---

Answer 38

sister chromatids

Question 39

crossing over happens in ---

Answer 39

meiosis prophase 1

Question 40

separation of x and y happens in ---

Answer 40

meiosis anaphase 1

Question 41

nondisjunction

Answer 41

when chromosomes don't separate properly

Question 42

random segregation

Answer 42

2 alleles segregate randomly into the gametes so that half of the gametes contain one allele and half contain the other allele

Question 43

independent assortment

Answer 43

segregation of alleles at one locus is independent of segregation of alleles at another locus

Question 44

meiosis produces

Answer 44

- haploid gametes with half the number of chromosomes as parent - 4 unique daughter cells

Question 45

mitosis produces

Answer 45

2 identical diploid daughter cells with same number of chromosomes as parent

Question 46

to find number of gamete types

Answer 46

multiply how many different alleles they are (Aa=2 while AA=1)

Question 47

data needs to be smaller in chi square to

Answer 47

fail to reject the null hypothesis

Question 48

SRY gene determines

Answer 48

whether or not testes form

Question 49

pseudoautosomal region

Answer 49

regions of homology between X and Y can allow for some crossing over

Question 50

Lyon hypothesis

Answer 50

inactivation of X chromosome occurs randomly

Question 51

Barr bodies

Answer 51

inactivated X's used so females don't produce double the X-linked gene

Question 52

affected child with unaffected parents means trait cannot be

Answer 52

dominant

Question 53

incomplete dominance

Answer 53

- only 1 gene produced - 1:2:1

Question 54

codominance

Answer 54

- 1:2:1 - heterozygote expresses both alleles as distinct gene products

Question 55

lethal alleles

Answer 55

if has that genotype will die (usually homozygous big letter) (dwarfism)

Question 56

recessive lethal

Answer 56

2 copies of the allele are required to result in death

Question 57

dominant lethal

Answer 57

death occurs if an individual has only one copy of the allele (huntington's)

Question 58

incomplete penetrance

Answer 58

the percent of individuals of a given genotype that show some degree of expression of that gene (quantitative)

Question 59

expressivity

Answer 59

the range of expression of a genotype (qualitative)

Question 60

genomic imprinting

Answer 60

expression of a gene depends on whether it is inherited from the maternal or paternal genome

Question 61

pleiotropic effects

Answer 61

one gene has an effect on several seemingly unrelated aspects of an individual's phenotype

Question 62

phenocopy

Answer 62

an environmental agent mimics a genetic condition

Question 63

sex limited

Answer 63

autosomal characteristics that is expressed in only one sex or the other

Question 64

sex influenced

Answer 64

autosomal trait that can be expressed in either sex but is more frequent in one sex than in the other

Question 65

maternal effet

Answer 65

the phenotype of the offspring is determined by the mother's genotype and not its own

Question 66

cytoplasmic inheritance

Answer 66

if mother has it all offspring has it

Question 67

epigenetics

Answer 67

heritable changes in gene expression without changes in DNA sequence (ex is genomic imprinting)

Question 68

polydactyly

Answer 68

80% penetrance and variable