exam 4 part 3

Question 1

multiple factor hypothesis

Answer 1

multiple genes contributing to single phenotype

Question 2

when standard deviation is small =

Answer 2

everyone next to average (small range)

Question 3

knowing the variance can tell you

Answer 3

the width of the curve

Question 4

phenotype =

Answer 4

genotype + environment

Question 5

genotype =

Answer 5

additive and dominance effects

Question 6

broad sense heritibility

Answer 6

H2 = VG / VP

Question 7

narrow sense heritability

Answer 7

h2 = VA / VP

Question 8

if heritability = 1

Answer 8

all VP due to genetic variation

Question 9

if heritability = 0

Answer 9

all VP is due to environmental variation

Question 10

heritability is based on

Answer 10

population not an individual

Question 11

steps to a PCR

Answer 11

1. heat and denature (separate)
2. cool and add primer
3. synthesize

Question 12

in electrophoresis, DNA loaded at — pole

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

limitations to PCR

Answer 13

• must know about sequence surrounding the gene
• easily contaminated
• polymerase doesn’t proofread and correct
• fragments amplified are small

Question 14

types of repeats used in DNA fingerprinting are

Answer 14

• STR
• VNTR
• microsatellite regions

Question 15

allele in identification is based on

Answer 15

the length of the DNA segment

Question 16

loci used for paternity/forensic purposes must be

Answer 16

polymorphic

Question 17

CODIS

Answer 17

uses 20 polymorphic regions for forensic identification

Question 18

recombinant DNA

Answer 18

creating new DNA molecules by combining DNA from different sources

Question 19

restriction enzyme

Answer 19

endonuclease that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and cleaves dsDNA at that sequence

Question 20

origin of replication

Answer 20

allows it (cloning vectors) to replicate in the host cell

Question 21

selectable/insertional markers

Answer 21

allow cells containing the vector and the recombinant molecule to be identified

Question 22

multiple cloning sites

Answer 22

has restriction enzyme cut sites that can be used in producing a recombinant DNA molecule

Question 23

ligation experiment

Answer 23

conducted to join foreign DNA to vector

Question 24

transformation experiment

Answer 24

conducted to allow cells to take up products from a ligation experiment

Question 25

identification of different cell types

Answer 25

- cells with no uptake - cells that took up original vector - cells that took up the recombinant plasmid

Question 26

reverse transcriptase

Answer 26

a primer that binds to poly A tail and uses mRNA as a template to make cDNA

Question 27

Ti plasmid was used for

Answer 27

to insert DNA into a plant instead of the tumor it usually puts in

Question 28

what do expression vectors require

Answer 28

sequences required for transcription and translation of the gene

Question 29

southern blot

Answer 29

DNA fragments separated based on length

Question 30

northern blot

Answer 30

RNA fragments separated based on length

Question 31

probe

Answer 31

single stranded DNA that is a sequence we are interested in

Question 32

steps to a southern blot

Answer 32

1. single stranded DNA from a gel transferred to a nylon membrane using capillary action 2. nylon membrane incubated with labeled probe DNA 3. probe binds to complimentary DNA fragments on the nylon

Question 33

a probe will bind if ...

Answer 33

DNA is present

Question 34

what is blocked to make the pink pineapple

Answer 34

lycopene

Question 35

forward genetics

Answer 35

start with a mutant phenotype and seek out the gene that causes it

Question 36

reverse genetics

Answer 36

start with a DNA sequence, alter its function or prevent its expression, see what happens to phenotype