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HP 410 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is substance addiction?

A

Repetitive, pathological intake of a drug or food that may involve exogenous ligand

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2
Q

What is a behavioral addiction?

A

Repetitive, pathological engagement in
behaviors which do not involve ingestion. May alter the endogenous ligand function

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3
Q

What is the rush effect?

A

Appetitive effect. Not a consistent, slower deliberate tempo. May involve any number of behaviors (not just drugs). Changes arousal levels, affect, or cognition. Interferes with reflective processing

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4
Q

What is the time-intensive repetition to achieve satiation?

A

Temporary period where things are fine. Engagement may or may not be context-appropriate (studying for finals buzz.

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5
Q

What is intense behavioral or cognition preoccupation?

A

Often not step by step, deliberate processing

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6
Q

What is loss of control?

A

Given demands of a context (pushes and pulls). Pushes—stress; pulls–seductions.

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7
Q

What are negative consequence?

A

Ignoring longer-term gains decisions and tendency to try to minimize negative consequence

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8
Q

What defines an addiction?

A
  1. rush effect
  2. time intensive repitition to achieve satiation
  3. intense behavioral or cognitive preoccupation
  4. loss of control
  5. negative consequences
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9
Q

What is true about drugs?

A

They cross the blood-brain barrier but antibiotics do not. They produce an effect on the brain experienced subjectively (affect, arousal, cognition, not antib.) Flood the synaptic cleft, block reuptake, block release, or mimic endogenous ligands.

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10
Q

What is drug use metabolism?

A
  1. administration/absorption
  2. distribution from bloodstream to brain receptors
  3. metabolism
  4. elimination
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11
Q

What is administration?

A

from intake to bloodstream
[oral, smoking/inhalation, injection, skin surfaces

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12
Q

What is distrbution?

A

From bloodstream to brain receptors (if small molecule size, molecular structure fit, fat solubility, weak PH, blood flow)

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13
Q

What is the distribution half life?

A

Half of reach to site of action

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14
Q

What is the half life of marijuana and nicotine?

A

9 minutes

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15
Q

What is metabolism?

A

brain action and breakdown

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16
Q

What is elimination?

A

Excretion of drug metabolites from the
body-sweat, waste products, hair

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17
Q

What is the elimination half life?

A

Half metabolized and ready for excretion

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18
Q

What is the half life for nicotine?

A

2 hours

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19
Q

What is the elimination half life of marijuana?

A

28-56 hours on a single dose

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20
Q

What are the 4 drug interaction effects?

A
  1. additive
  2. synergic
  3. potentiating
  4. antagonistic
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21
Q

What are additive effects?

A

a+b such as barbiturate and tranquilizer

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22
Q

What are synergic effects?

A

a * b such barbituates and alcohol

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23
Q

What is potentiating effects?

A

0 +1= 3 such as antihistamine and narcotic or alcohol. Where a drug seems to do nothing but with connecting of another drug it will go up

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24
Q

What are antagonistic effects?

A

1 + -1=0 such as transquilizer+ LSD, stimulant+ depressant or narcotic. Both drugs cancel eachother out.

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25
What are depressants?
DXM for coughs, barbiturates, sedatives
26
What are PCP?
provide dissociative effects
27
What are inhalants?
4 types such as solvents(glue), aerosols(gasoline), amyl/butyl/isobutyl nitrites(poppers), and anesthetic (nitrous oxide)
28
What are stimulants?
MDMA(methylenedioxymethamphetamine), coke, amphetamines, meth, nic, caffeine, ritalin
29
What are opiates?
fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, meperdine
30
What are hallucinogens?
LSD(serotonin like), psilocybin, mescaline(catecholamine-like), belladonna (anticholinergic antagonist)
31
What is cannabis?
weed
32
What are other drugs?
GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) for narcolepsy, anesthetic, ketamine, also see text
33
What are the 8 categories of Sussman/Ames?
1. depressants 2. PCP 3. inhalants 4. stimulants 5. opiates 6. hallucinogens 7. cannabis 8. other drugs
34
What is a single addiction?
43% of population in a 12- month period.
35
What is substitute replacement?
Quit alcohol, then smoke; quit heroin, then use marijuana. Very little research on this topic
35
What is a concurrent addiction?
23% of those addicted. Examples are “Speed ball” (cocaine wit heroin/morphine), smoking with drinking, drinking with eating or gambling, love with sex)
36
What is the world prevalence of addictions?
30% Tobacco, Alcohol, or Other Drug Use.
37
What is the prevalence of alcohol?
10%
38
What is the prevalence of marijuana?
2.5%
38
What is the prevalence of tobacco as sole drug use of choice?
15%
39
What is the prevalence of stimulants?
0.5%
40
What is the prevalence of opioids/cocaine?
0.3%
41
What is the prevalence of other drugs?
1.7%
42
What is the prevalence of overeaters, sex, love, internet?
46% within a 12 month period
43
What defines drug misuse?
1. not using a drug appropriate 2. not using a drug as directed 3. not using a drug as prescribed
44
What is the percentage of cocaine drug misuse?
8-30% but going down
44
What is the percentage of ER visits due to ATOD?
25-40% from alcohol and other drugs such as pills
45
What is the percentage of benzodiazepines misuse?
17%
45
What is the percentage of marijuana drug misuse?
18%
46
What is the percentage of heroin misuse?
10-15% and going up
47
What is the percentage of amphetamines/methamphetamines?
5-12%
48
What is the percentage of fatally impaired drivers due to alcohol?
48-50%
48
What is the percentage of pain killers drug misuse?
13-15% and going up
48
What is the percentage of relapse rate for a single attempt at abstinence from ATOD misuse?
65-80%
49
What is the cost of drug abuse?
$600 billion worldwide and 200 billion in the US alone in 1998 but now is 820 billion in 2019
50
What is the percentage of cost due to adjudication related?
20-25%
51
What is the percentage of violence and drug relation?
35-40% drug related
52
What is the percentage of accidents and drug use?
40-50%
53
What are the universal negative consequences of substance and behavioral addictions that applies to most if not all addictions?
1. preoccupation 2. loss of control 3. social (complaints) 4. unusual thinking 5. emotional guilt 6. tolerance and needing more 7. withdrawal-like craving, irritability, concentration 8. relapse
54
What are addiction-specific consequences that applies to some addiction but not others?
1. financial such as gambling and shopping 2. role (ATOD, love, internet) 3. legal (ATOD, sex) 4. physical danger (ATOD) 5. medical (ATOD, work, exercise, food) 6. accidents (ATOD)
55
What were some of the first drugs?
Mead(honey wine) and palm wine
56
What is true about drugs?
Most have been used for thousands of years (opium, cannabis, coca leaves, alcohol, tobacco, betel nut, khat, some hallucinogens, some inhalants)
57
How many people were addicted to cocaine?
In the 1900 cocaine/heroine were legal so 0.5% was addicted in the US but now is 0.3% with 40% reduction
58
What is the percentage of fatal car accidents and relapse for THC, cocaine?
30%
59
What is the drug misuse and the harm dysfunction(HD)?
There is harm/damage to self or others, dysfunction and inability to function w/o drug. Argues for more strict-restrictive definition
60
What is an effect of the HD perspective?
It lowers alcoholism prevalence from 10% to 5% of the US pop. Also may control for emerging adults who grow out of it

HP 410 (3 decks)

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