Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the principle of complementarity

A

Function always relfects structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What does homeostasis mean

A
  • Same State
  • Defined as “Dynamic constancy of the internal environment”
  • Not fixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the national average of blood pressure

A

120mmHg/80mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many liters of blood in the male and female bodies

A

Male: 5500ml (5.5L)
Female: 5000ml (5L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does vasodilate mean

A

widen, get larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does vasoconstrict mean

A

collapse, get smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to your blood pressure when your vessels vasocontrict

A

Pressure goes up, since there is now less room for the blood to move through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the national avg for heart rate

A

72 beats/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an effector

A

something in body that makes effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the job of ACH in heart rate

A

lower the heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name for adrenaline and what does it do

A

epinephrine
increases heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name for noradrenaline and what does it do

A

norepinephrine
decreases heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many effectors are in each system

A

At least 2 effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does glucose levels do in your body

A

the oscillate around a set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does glucose in the blood inhibit?

A

glycogen breakdown
So when glocuse is high, glycogen wont break down into more glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

All organisms in a living system are what kind of system

A

open system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a feedback mechanism

A

process or event that causes another event which has an effect on the inital or subsequent event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

the effector (output) shuts off the original stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many effectors are in the negative feedback loop for BP

A

4 effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Boyles law

A

pressure is inversely proportional to volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the set point for body temp

A

98.5F/37.1C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the set point of blood glucose

A

90mg/100ml blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Islets of Langerhan

A

Pancreas cells that detect an increase in glucose levels,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is insulin

A

a hormone in the blood, it goes to all the tissues and cells in the body and allows for them to take up glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
What does hyperglycemia mean
high glucose levels in body
24
What does hypoglycemia mean
low glucose levels in the body
25
When there is high glucose levels, where does the excess glucose go
1. tissues (kept alive by glucose) 2. liver (always full of glucose) 3. Stored as fat
26
What are the components of homeostasis
Detection Sensory/Afferent Control Center Efferent motor neurons Effectors
27
What are the two effectors involved in body temp
sweat glands and skeletal muscles
28
How many negative feedback loops are there in body temp
2, one above and one below
29
What is the bodies thermostat
hypothalamus
30
what is needed to detect change in body temp
sensory and thermoreceptors
31
What stops a positive feedback loop
a physical event, like birth
32
What is the regulation of blood clotting
1. break/tear occurs in blood vessel wall 2. Platelets adhere to site and release chemicals 3. Released chemicals attract more platelets (platelet army) 4. Platelet Plug Continues until tear is fully plugged
33
What is kinetic energy
energy in action
34
what is potential energy
energy of position, stored inactive energy
35
Where is energy tied up in food
in the bonds
36
Chemical energy
stored in the bonds of chemical substances
37
Electrical energy
results from the movement of charged particles
38
mechanical energy
directly involved in moving matter
39
radient or electromagnetic
energy traveling in waves
40
What are the major elements of the human body
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen Makes up 96%
41
Lesser and trace elements in the body
Lesser make up 3.9% of the body Lesser: Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfer, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iodine and iron Trace: Required in minute amounts and found as parts of enzymes
42
What is biochemistry
The study of chemical composition and reactions of living matter
43
Organic Compounds
Contain carbon, covalently bonded, large
44
Inorganic Compounds
Do not contain carbon Water, salts and many acids and bases
45
What are salts specialized roles in body functions
Sodium, potasium, calcium for myo contractions, and iron
46
Are acids and bases both electrolytes
yes, they ionize and dissociate in water
47
Proton Donors
Acids are PD, they release protons, bare protons in a solution
48
What are the important acids
hydrochloric acid, Acetic acid, Carbonic acid
49
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl
50
What is the formula for acetic acid
Hc2H3O2
51
What is the formula for carbonic acid
H2CO3
52
Are bases proton acceptors or donors?
Acceptors, they pick up the H+ in the solution
53
What does a base release when it dissolves in a solution
it releases hydroxyl ion (OH-)
54
What is the formula for bicarbonate ion
HCO3-
54
What are important bases
Bicarbonate ion Ammonia
54
What is the chemical formula for Ammonia
NH3
55
Is there high or low concentration of H+ in an acidic pH
High concentration
56
What is a neutralization reaction
acids and bases are mixed together
57
What is building up and breaking down
Building up= Anabolic (bonds formed) Breaking down=Catabolic (bonds breaking)
58
What is dehydration synthesis
dehydration, forming
59
What does sucrose break into?
glucose and fructose
60
What does maltose break into?
glucose and glucose
61
What does lactose break into?
galactose and glucose
62
Lipid Class: Neutral fats (trigylcerides)
found in subcutaneous tissue around organs for protection and support
63
Lipid Class: phospholipids
chief component of cell membranes
64
Lipid Class: steriods
Cholesterol, bile salts, vitamind D, sex hormones, adrenal cortical hormones
65
Lipid Class: Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, E, K
66
Lipid Class: Eicosanoids
- Derived from a fatty acid found in cell membranes - PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENS, and thromboxanes (blood clotting)
67
Lipid Class: Lipoproteins
transport fatty acids and cholesterol in the blood stream
68
What are the lipid classes in the body
1.Neutral fats (trigylcerides) 2. Phospholipids 3. Steriods 4. Fat Soluble Vitamins 5. Eicosanoids 6. Lipoproteins
69
Saturated fatty acids
- single covalent bonds between C atoms - Maximum number of H atoms - Solid animal fats like butter
70
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- One or more double bonds between C atoms - Reduced number of H atoms - Plant oils, olive oils
71
Steroids
Flat molecules with 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings - important in cell membranes, vitamin D synthesis, sterio hormones, bile salts
72
Cholesterol is_____ for all sterioids
- a precursor - all steriods are made from cholesterol
73
Amino Acids
Building blocks of protein, containing an amino group and a carboxyl group
74
Structural levels of Proteins
Primary: AA Sequence Secondary: Alpha helices or beta pleated sheets (H-H bonds) Tertiary: Superimposed folding of secondary structures (s-s bonds) Quaternary: Polypeptide chains linked together in specific mannor (covalent bonds)
75
Fibrous and Golbular Proteins
Fibrous: - Extended and strand like proteins Golbular: - Compact, spherical proteins with 3 and 4 structures
76
Competitive Inhibation
Inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the enzyme or blocks the substrate from binding to E
77
What does esterase and transferase mean
esterase: Cuts Transferase: puts together
78
non-competitive inhibition
I bonds at another site (not the active site)
79
Digoxin
Increases intracelluar sodium levels, which drives on influx of calcium into the heart, enchancing contractility, increases cardiac output and subsequently decreasing ventricular filling pressures
80
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP
81
Why is it important to recycle ATP pieces
because it takes sm to build them that we wouldnt get anywhere if we had to rebuild from scratch
82
What are the two mechanisms of ATP synthesis
1. Substrate level phosphorylation 2. Oxidative phosphorylation
83
What is Chemiosmotic process
couples movement o substances across membranes to chemical reactions
84
Oxidation-Reduction Reaction
Oxidized substances lose an electron and energy Reduced substances gain electrons and energy ORR involve the gain of O2 or loss of H atoms
85
Redox Reactions
Catalyzed by enzymes that usually require a B vitamin co enzyme

Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions