exam 1 Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is individualism?
A cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks with primary concern for self and family.
What is collectivism?
A cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend on large extended families or clans.
What does power distance refer to?
The degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.
What is uncertainty avoidance?
The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.
Define masculinity in cultural context.
A cultural orientation that values assertiveness and materialism.
Define femininity in cultural context.
A cultural orientation that values relationships and concern for others.
What is time orientation?
Whether a culture’s values are oriented toward the future (long-term) or toward past and present (short-term).
What is diversity in the workforce?
A defining characteristic of modern organizations that includes gender, age, ability, religion, personality, social status, and sexual orientation.
What is the glass ceiling?
An intangible barrier that prevents women and minorities from reaching senior positions in organizations.
What percentage of median earnings do women earn compared to men?
80%.
What is ability diversity?
Any individual possessing physical or mental impairment that limits one or more major life activities.
What are the three types of sexual harassment?
- Gender harassment
- Unwanted sexual attention
- Sexual coercion
What does consequential theory emphasize?
The result of behaviors and determines right and wrong based on consequences.
What is rule-based theory?
Emphasizes the character of the act itself, based on universal moral rights and wrongs.
What is character theory?
Emphasizes the character of the individual and their intent, based on personal virtue.
Define personality.
A stable set of characteristics influencing behavior.
What is the integrative approach to understanding personality?
Describes personality as a composite of the individual’s psychological processes, combining personality dispositions with situational factors.
What are Core Self-Evaluations (CSE)?
Traits of personality that refer to self-concept, including locus of control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and emotional stability.
What is locus of control?
An individual’s generalized belief about internal (they are in control) and external (circumstances control their fate) control.
What does self-efficacy refer to?
A person’s overall view of themselves as being able to perform effectively in many situations.
What does self-monitoring indicate?
The extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.
What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®)?
An instrument that categorizes individuals based on preferences such as extraversion/introversion, thinking/feeling, sensing/intuition, perceiving/judging.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on someone else’s behavior.
What is self-serving bias?
The tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on one’s own behavior.
