Exam 1

Question 1

What is surveying

Answer 1

measurement of distances and angles both vertical and horizontal

Question 2

what is vertical distance called

Answer 2

elevation

Question 3

Simple technology used to survey

Answer 3

tape measures for distances and transits/Theodolites for angles

Question 4

advanced technology used to survey

Answer 4

levels and leveling rods for vertical distances and total stations for distances and angles

Question 5

what is the vertical direction in surveying

Answer 5

the direction of gravity

Question 6

what is the horizontal direction in surveying

Answer 6

perpendicular to gravity

Question 7

what is plane survey

Answer 7

when we neglect the earths curvature

Question 8

what is geodetic survey

Answer 8

when we take the curvature of the earth into acount

Question 9

Types of surveys

Answer 9

property, topographic, construction, control, and route

Question 10

what are contours

Answer 10

lines that depict a constant elevation

Question 11

The two ways that angles are measured in surveying are

Answer 11

Sexagesimal system (DMS) and decimal degrees

Question 12

what are vertical distances measured with

Answer 12

a tape, a surveyor’s level and rod or total station

Question 13

what are horizontal distances and slope distances measured with

Answer 13

a fiberglass or steel tape, or with and electronic distance-measuring device

Question 14

what are the sources of error in survey data

Answer 14

blunder, systematic, random

Question 15

what is blunder error

Answer 15

human error, large effect, avoidable

Question 16

what is systematic error

Answer 16

repetitive errors, typically due to equipment, consistent effect, may be avoidable

Question 17

what is random error

Answer 17

accidental errors, not consistent, small error, unavoidable

Question 18

MPV

Answer 18

most probable value can be obtained by computing the average of the data

Question 19

accuracy

Answer 19

how close a measurement is to the true value

Question 20

precision

Answer 20

consistency from measurements

Question 21

A __________ is a definite (often marked) point on the ground that its location has been determined

Answer 21

station

Question 22

what are used to mark station

Answer 22

survey stakes

Question 23

zero position

Answer 23

the point identified as 0+00 and is established at the beginning of the survey line

Question 24

full station

Answer 24

points located at 100ft intervals from the zero position and are labeled 1+00, 2+00…

Question 25

_______ is counting paces while walking along a line to be measured, historical but ______ distance measurement method, accuracy of about 1:____

Answer 25

pacing, rough, 100

Question 26

Taping horizontal distances gives an accuracy between 1:_______ and 1:_____

Answer 26

3000, 5000

Question 27

equipment for taping

Answer 27

tape, plum bob, marker, range pole, and hand level

Question 28

breaking tape

Answer 28

measuring shorter distances at a time to allow the tape to be held horizontal below chest hieght

Question 29

MSL (main sea level)

Answer 29

the most used reference surface for vertical distance

Question 30

leveling equipment

Answer 30

surveying level, tripod, level rod

Question 31

running levels

Answer 31

performing leveling over a distance and finding elevation of several points

Question 32

turning point

Answer 32

an intermediate point between two points when it it not possible to set up the level so both points are visible from one posistion

Question 33

benchmark

Answer 33

a reference point that is permanently marked at known elevation and is used as the basis for measuring the elevation of other points

Question 34

in surveying angles are measured from a reference line called a ___________

Answer 34

meridian

Question 35

what is use to measure angles

Answer 35

total station or theodolite

Question 36

angle of elevation

Answer 36

angle measured upward from the horizon (+)

Question 37

angle of depression

Answer 37

angle measured down from the horizon (-)

Question 38

Zenith direction

Answer 38

the upward vertical direction

Question 39

zenith angle

Answer 39

any angle measured with respect to the zenith direction

Question 40

deflection angle

Answer 40

are always less than 180 degrees, it is the amount of angle to change the course of the line

Question 41

azimuth of a line

Answer 41

the clockwise horizontal angle made between a line and the meridian

Question 42

bearing of a line

Answer 42

the angle from the north or south end of the meridian. takes the form (N or S) (angle) (E or W)

Question 43

in a control survey, the ________ _________of all the points are accurately determined

Answer 43

relative positions

Question 44

control points serve as ______ _____________ __________ form which the other surveying measurements are made later on to design and build the project.

Answer 44

fixed reference positions

Question 45

horizontal control networks may be established by the following methods

Answer 45

traversing, triangulation, trilateration, use of photogrammetry, global positioning system (GPS)

Question 46

______________ survey involves a system of joined or overlapping triangles in which the lengths of ____ sides are measured and the other sides are then ___________ from the angles measured at the triangle vertices

Answer 46

Triangulation, two, computed

Question 47

_______________ survey also involves a system of triangles but only the _________ are measured

Answer 47

Trilateration, lengths

Question 48

Trilateration vs Triangulation

Answer 48

triangulation - process of measuring bearings and calculating distances trilateration - process of measuring distances and calculating bearings

Question 49

__________ survey involves a connected _____________ of lines whose lengths and directions are measured.

Answer 49

Traverse, sequence

Question 50

Which surveying method is the most common type of control survey performed by surveyors

Answer 50

traverse survey

Question 51

a traverse consists of an interconnected series of lines called _________ running between a series of points on the ground called _________ _________

Answer 51

courses, traverse stations

Question 52

Open Traverse

Answer 52

neither forms a closed geometric figure nor does it end at a point of known position, cannot be checked for error of closure and relative accuracy, must be repeated to avoid blunders

Question 53

closed traverse (loop)

Answer 53

a loop traverse starts and ends at the same point, forming a closed geometric figure

Question 54

closed traverse (connecting)

Answer 54

looks like an open traverse, except that it begins and ends at point of known position at each end of the traverse

Question 55

what is departure

Answer 55

the change in x

Question 56

what is latitude

Answer 56

the change in y

Question 57

the simplest methods of traverse adjustment are approximate procedures called

Answer 57

compass rule and transit rule

Question 58

compass rule

Answer 58

corrections are applied to the latitude and departures in proportion to the lengths of each of the courses

Question 59

transit rule

Answer 59

corrections are applied to the latitudes in proportion to the length of the latitudes and to the departures in proportion to the lengths of the departures

Question 60

Advanced Horizontal distance measuring technologies

Answer 60

EDM (electronic distance measurement), GNSS (global navigation satellite systems), LIDAR (light detection and ranging), and drones and UAV (unmanned ariel vehicles)