Exam 2

Question 1

the shape or geometry of any transportation route is called its ____________

Answer 1

alignment

Question 2

a straight-line of a road or railway alignment is called a __________

Answer 2

tangent

Question 3

alignments can be both?

Answer 3

vertical and horizontal

Question 4

horizonal alignment is ________ veiw

Answer 4

plan

Question 5

vertical alignment is __________ veiw

Answer 5

profile

Question 6

the vertical alignment is also called the ________ _______

Answer 6

grade line

Question 7

_________ surveying includes the field and office work required to plan, design, and lay out any “long and narrow” transportation facility

Answer 7

route

Question 8

route surveying operations typically include _______________ survey, ___________ survey, and ___________ survey

Answer 8

reconnaissance, preliminary, location

Question 9

the most common type of a horizontal curve is a ________ arc of a circle called a _________ ______

Answer 9

single, simple curve

Question 10

proceeding in the forward direction along the route, the curve connects the ______ tangent with the _________ tangent

Answer 10

back, forward

Question 11

the curve or arc begins at the ______ __ _________ (PC) and ends at the ______ __ ________ (PT)

Answer 11

point of curvature, point of tangency

Question 12

TC (__________ to curve) and CT (______ to tangent)

Answer 12

tangent, curve

Question 13

the ________ is drawn from the center of the arc to the PC or PT and forms a _______ angle with the tangent section

Answer 13

radius, right

Question 14

the tangent sections meet at a ______ ___ ____________ (PI) and form an intersection angle

Answer 14

point of intersection

Question 15

the __________ angle is equal to the central angle between the two radius lines drawn to the PC and PT

Answer 15

intersection

Question 16

the distances from the PC to the PI and the PI to the PT are equal and called _________ ________ (T)

Answer 16

tangent distance

Question 17

the straight line that connects the PC and the PT is called the _______ ______

Answer 17

long chord

Question 18

the distance from the midpoint of the curve to the midpoint of the long chord is called the _________ _________ (M)

Answer 18

middle ordinate

Question 19

the “sharpness” of a simple curve is called/defined as

Answer 19

degree of curve/curvature

Question 20

the _________ the degree of curvature, the sharper the curve

Answer 20

higher

Question 21

this type of curve consists of two different simple curves joined at a common point of tangency

Answer 21

compound curve

Question 22

PCC stands for _______ ___ ___________ ______

Answer 22

point of compound curve

Question 23

the dashed line (GH) is a ________ tangent

Answer 23

common

Question 24

__________ curve is when two circular curves are joined together but lie in _________ sides of a common tangent. it is a __ shape

Answer 24

reverse, opposite, S

Question 25

________ or transition curve provides a gradual change in curvature from a straight tangent to a circular curve or another tangent

Answer 25

spiral

Question 26

________ curve consists of a series of straight sections connected by vertical arcs

Answer 26

vertical

Question 27

the grade or gradient of the centerline is the ______ __ ____ ______ that is rise over run

Answer 27

slope of the line

Question 28

a line that increases in elevation in the forward direction has a _________ gradient

Answer 28

positive

Question 29

a line that slopes downward in the forward direction has a _________ gradient

Answer 29

negative

Question 30

the vertical curves are segments of ________ instead of circular arcs

Answer 30

parabolas

Question 31

a vertical curve can either be a _______ (summit) curve or a _____ curve

Answer 31

crest, sag

Question 32

when the change in grade g2-g1 is negative, a _________ curve connects the tangents

Answer 32

summit

Question 33

when the change in grade g2-g1 is positive, a _____ curve connects the tangents

Answer 33

sag

Question 34

if the change in slop is very small (less than 1%) then a vertical curve may ____ be necessary

Answer 34

not

Question 35

the point where two tangents meet is called the ______ of ________ ___________ (PVI)

Answer 35

point of vertical intersection

Question 36

the point on the back tangent where the vertical curve begins is called the ______ of ________ ______ (PVC) or the beginning of vertical curve

Answer 36

point of vertical curve

Question 37

the point where the curve joins the forward tangent is called the _______ of _______ __________ or the end of vertical curve

Answer 37

point of vertical tangency

Question 38

a straight line between the PVC and PVT is called the _____ ______

Answer 38

long chord

Question 39

the vertical distance between a tangent and the curve is sometimes call a _______ offset or a tangent __________

Answer 39

tangent, correction

Question 40

the sign of r will be ________ for a summit curve and _________ for a sag curve

Answer 40

negative, positive

Question 41

the highest point on a summit curve or the lowest point on a sag curve is called the vertical curve _________ ______

Answer 41

turning points

Question 42

what is the movement of soil or rock from one location to another for construction purposes called

Answer 42

earthwork

Question 43

_____ is a volume of earth that is excavated or removed from its natural location

Answer 43

cut

Question 44

____ is excavated material that is placed and compacted in a different location

Answer 44

fill

Question 45

______ _________ consists of sculpting an area of land for the needs of a specific project

Answer 45

site grading

Question 46

_______ _____ means an imaginary straight line drawn at the mean elevation of the adjacent ground

Answer 46

grade line

Question 47

earthwork quantities are measured in volumes of what

Answer 47

cubic yards or cubic meters

Question 48

_____ _______ is a short profile taken perpendicular to the centerline of a roadway

Answer 48

cross section

Question 49

the ______ is the horizontal line to which the cut or fill is first constructed

Answer 49

base

Question 50

a _____ ______ is expressed as the ratio of a horizontal distance to a corresponding unit of vertical distance

Answer 50

side slope

Question 51

the ______ _______ is the transitional point from cut to fill or fill to cut occurs

Answer 51

grade point

Question 52

_________ refers to the decrease in volume of a soil due to compaction

Answer 52

shrinkage

Question 53

_____ ________ may be used to determine the extent to which cut and fill are balanced in a preliminary alignment design

Answer 53

mass diagram

Question 54

_____ ________ is simply a diagram that depicts the accumulation of cut and fill quantities along the route

Answer 54

mass diagram