Exam 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse does Rouse’s feeling represent?
A: Cognitive
B: Affective
C: Reflective
D: Behavioral
E: Reactive
B: Affective
The affective component represents the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude
Joseph Pierce is the managing manager director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior?
A: get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country
B: increase revenue by building power plants in developing and underdeveloped countries
C: reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
D: hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations
E: Provide local benefits to substantiate for effects of coal power stations
C: reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
Festinger proposed that cases of attitude following behavior illustrate the effects of cognitive dissonance, any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. Research has generally concluded that people do seek consistency among their attitudes and between their attitudes and their behavior. They either alter the attitudes or the behavior, or they develop a rationalization for the discrepancy
Antonio Guillermo’s wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with this example.
A: psychological empowerment
B: perceived organizational support
C: organizational commitment
D: employee commitment
E: job involvement
B: perceived organizational support
Guillermo believed that his organization would be supportive through his time of stress. This major job attitude is called perceived organizational support. The belief and sense that a person has an effect in the work environment is psychological empowerment. Organizational commitment, the degree to which a person identifies with the organization, and job involvement, the degree to which a person identifies with the job and participates in it, are both considered major job attitudes, as is employee engagement, a person’s involvement with the job, but these were not what calmed Guillermo’s fears
The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help them in the process?
A: Do you believe in the organization’s five-year plan?
B: Do you believe the organization is concerned about your well-being?
C: Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?
D: Do you feel the organization values your work?
E: Do you agree with the organization’s stand on sustainable work practices?
C: Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?
Employee engagement refers to an individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does.
Maria Womack works for a bank in Michigan and is dissatisfied with the way her manager treats her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response.
A: exit
B: voice
C: loyalty
D: neglect
E: acceptance
A: exit
The exit response, according to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework, directs behavior toward leaving the organization, including looking for a new position as well as resigning.
_____ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.
A: Affect
B: Cognition
C: Mood
D: Thought
E: Reaction
C: Mood
Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. Moods are not usually directed at a person or an event. But emotions can turn into moods when one loses focus on the event or object that started the feeling
Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer’s feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion?
A: It is more intense than emotions.
B: It is brought about by a specific event.
C: It is prolonged in nature.
D: It is a positive feeling.
E: It is indicated by a facial expression.
C: It’s prolonged in nature
Springer’s general ambiguous feeling of happiness is ongoing or prolonged, which is a characteristic of a mood. Contextual stimulus, strong feelings, and being directed at an event or person are characteristics of an emotion. In addition, both mood and emotion can be positive
Jean Ervin works as a funding raising executive. Though she has been with the organization for only a year now, she has already been promoted and often gets excellent feedback from her manager. Her manager says that the key to Ervin’s good performance is that she is happy with the work she does and she is excited about the challenges in tasks, which she takes up with a lot of enthusiasm. Which of the following mood dimensions is Ervin most likely to be feeling?
A: low positive affect
B: neutral affect
C: low negative affect
D: high positive affect
E: high negative affect
D: high positive affect
Positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of positive emotions such as excitement, self-assurance, and cheerfulness at the high end
The practice of modifying one’s true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ______
A: surface acting
B: deep acting
C: social loafing
D: behavioral contagion
E: collective efficacy
B: deep acting
Deep acting refers to the practice of modifying one’s true inner feelings based on display rules
Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory?
A: meeting a project milestone
B: being passed over for a promotion
C: colleagues refusing to carry their share of work
D: receiving conflicting directions from different managers
E: receiving a gift from a colleague on a birthday
A: meeting a project milestone
The affective events theory recognizes that emotions are a response to an event in the work environment. This environment creates work events that can be hassles, uplifting events, or both. Uplifting events include meeting a goal, getting support from a colleague, and receiving recognition for an accomplishment
Green Earth recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan’s manager has noticed that ever since she joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. She maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues, who have started behaving in a similar manner. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?
A: emotional dissonance
B: Ben Franklin effect
C: unit bias
D: anchoring effect
E: emotional contagion
E: emotional contagion
Emotional contagion refers to the process by which people’s emotions are caused by the emotions of others
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the _______ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details.
A: sensing
B: extraverted
C: feeling
D: perceiving
E: intuitive
A: sensing
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification, people belonging to the sensing type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details
Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutiny and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is a characteristic of Sinclair’s personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
A: intuitive
B: introverted
C: thinking
D: feeling
E: perceiving
C: thinking
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, thinking types of people use reason and logic to handle problems
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people with an ENTP personality type are most likely to be _________.
A: illogical
B: innovative
C: intuitive
D: skeptical
E: stubborn
B: innovative
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people with an ENTP personality type are conceptualizers, innovative, individualistic, versatile, and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. Such kinds of people tend to be resourceful in solving challenging problems but may neglect routine assignments
People scoring high on the _______ dimension of the Big Five model are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior than those who score low.
A: agreeableness
B: conscientiousness
C: openness
D: extraversion
E: emotional stability
D: extraversion
Extraverts are more impulsive than introverts; they are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior
Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in Namibia and prepare them for jobs which will enable them to sustain themselves. According to Holland’s personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types will best suit Help Aid’s requirement?
A: conventional
B: realistic
C: enterprising
D: artistic
E: social
E: social
According to Holland’s personality-job fit theory, social personalities are friendly, sociable, cooperative, and understanding. Careers for social personalities include social worker, teacher, and counselor among others
Alex was sent to Beijing to help local managers to solve the problem of growing worker dissatisfaction. He decided to have a town hall meeting with the workers to understand the problems that they were facing and the reasons for their discontent. The turnout at the meeting was substantial but when asked for their opinions and suggestions, the crowd fell silent. As a result, Alex was unable to determine the reason for employee dissatisfaction. Which of the following best explains this situation?
A: a small portion of the workers at the facility belong to the baby boomers generation
B: There is an unequal distribution of power in the company
C: The employees are genuinely concerned about improving their lot
D: Alex was sent to Beijing as he was one of the few employees who were conversant in the local language
E: On previous occasions, the company has yielded to employee demands
B: There is an unequal distribution of power in the company.
If there is an unequal distribution of power within a company, then employees would be reluctant to do anything that would be considered an act of insubordination, such as voicing their opinions. Hence, this would explain the employees’ silence. If the employees were genuinely concerned about improving their lot, and the company had yielded to employee demands in the past, then the workers would have voiced their opinions. Additionally, if Alex were conversant in the local language, then this would imply that there were no language barriers between him and the workers and that they could understand him, yet they chose not to respond. It is irrelevant that a small portion of the workers at the facility were baby boomers.
When two people witness something at the same time and in the same situation yet interpret it differently, factors that operate to shape their perceptions reside in the ______.
A: perceivers
B: target
C: timing
D: context
E: situation
A: perceivers
Since the time and situation are the same, the factors that operate to shape perception must be in the perceivers themselves. Personal characteristics that can affect perception include perceiver attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations
Monica Walden feels that people who use plastic bags are insensitive toward the environment. She believes that people have a certain obligation toward their environment and should take it upon themselves to protect and preserve it. Which of the following factors has most likely influenced Walden’s perception of plastic bag users?
A: location
B: time
C: characteristic of the target
D: expectation
E: context
D: expectation
A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made
Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution theory describe this behavior?
A: It shows consenus
B: It shows similarity
C: It shows consistency
D: It shows reliability
E: It shows distinctiveness
C: It shows consistency
Consistency in a person’s actions means that the person responds the same way over time to the same situation. An employee who hasn’t been late for several months is perceived differently than an employee who is late two or three times a week. Janice demonstrates high consistency in tardiness
Kirby experienced a bad incident last year with the public relations manager of a bank who had committed to sponsor a charity event but backed out at the last minute. This year, when a renowned bank executive showed interest in sponsoring the organization’s upcoming annual event, Kirby rejected their participation. She felt that banks have a casual approach toward charity events and it is risky to involve them in the event. Which of the following best characterizes Kirby’s decision?
A: selective perception
B: cognitive dissonace
C: self-serving bias
D: bandwagon effect
E: self-fulfilling prophecy
A: selective perception
Because we cannot assimilate all that we observe, we take in bits and pieces. But we don’t choose randomly; rather, we select according to our interests, background, experience, and attitudes. This is known as selective perception
A manager doing performance apprasisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of six or nine months earlier. This shows that the manager’s perception is affected by ________ bias.
A: self-serving
B: availability
C: impact
D: distinction
E: hindsight
B: availability
Availability bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them. Availability bias explains why managers doing performance appraisals give more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of six or nine months earlier
Sarah, a sales manager at Synergy Corporation Bank, often keeps low expectations of her team. She feels that they are underqualified for their job and do not have substantial experience to sell a large number of accounts. Her team does not feel motivated enough and invariably underperforms and misses targets on a regular basis. Which of the following concepts best explains Sarah’s team’s poor performance?
A: hindsight bias
B: self-fulfilling prophecy
C: confirmation bias
D: contrast effect
E: bandwagon effect
B: self-fulfilling prophecy
A situation in which a person inaccurately perceives another person and the resulting expectations cause the other person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception is known as a self-fulfilling prophecy
According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which _________.
A: a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
B: a job generates direct and clear information about performance
C: a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling work and determining its procedure
D: a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people
E: a job requires a variety of different activities
D: a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people
Task significance is the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people
