Exam #1

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

The process of creating shared meaning through symbolic interaction

Question 2

What is masspersonal communication?

Answer 2

The use of mass communication channels to communicate a
personal message
(ie. social media)

Question 3

Self-concept

Answer 3

A relatively stable set of perceptions that each
individuals holds of themselves.

Question 4

Self-esteem

Answer 4

The part of self-concept that evaluates self-worth.

Question 5

Social Comparisons

Answer 5

evaluating ourselves by how we compare to
others

Question 6

Reflected Appraisals

Answer 6

– your opinion of yourself is determined by how
others see you

Question 7

“looking glass self” theory

Answer 7

describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them

Question 8

three steps of Perceiving Others:

Answer 8

• Selection – Exposure, Attention, and Retention
• Organization
• Interpretation

Question 9

Attribution:

Answer 9

The process of attaching meaning to behaviors

Question 10

Stereotyping:

Answer 10

The perceptual process of applying exaggerated beliefs
associated with a categorizing system.

Question 11

Self-serving bias:

Answer 11

the tendency to interpret and explain information in a way that casts the perceiver in the most favorable manner.

Question 12

Perception Checking:

Answer 12

A way to better understand other people’s actions and
motivations in communication

Question 13

noise

Answer 13

refers to any force that interferes with the accurate reception of a message.

Question 14

Intrapersonal communication

Answer 14

involves communicating with oneself

Question 15

dyadic communication

Answer 15

two-person interactions.

Question 16

Interpersonal communication

Answer 16

when the people involved treat each other as unique individuals

Question 17

Small-group communication

Answer 17

occurs when the number of individuals is small enough that each person can interact with all of the other members.

Question 18

Organizational communication

Answer 18

the exchange of information between people working towards common goals in an organization

Question 19

Public communication

Answer 19

occurs when one or more people deliver remarks to others who act as an audience.

Question 20

Self-monitoring

Answer 20

involves paying close attention to situational cues and adapting your behavior accordingly

Question 21

Uses and gratification theory

Answer 21

suggests that, rather than passively consuming information, people actively seek out specific media to satisfy a variety of needs.

Question 22

richness

Answer 22

describes the degree to which nonverbal cues can clarify a verbal message

Question 23

message leanness

Answer 23

the lack of nonverbal cues.

Question 24

hyperpersonal communication

Answer 24

messages that accelerate the discussion of personal topics and relational development beyond what normally happens face-to-face

Question 25

polymediation

Answer 25

address the range of options available to communicators when they are choosing how to engage with others

Question 26

Negativity bias

Answer 26

the tendency to focus more on negative impressions than on positive ones.

Question 27

self-serving bias.

Answer 27

When others suffer, we often blame the problem on their personal qualities. By contrast, when we suffer, we find explanations outside ourselves.

Question 28

halo effect

Answer 28

When someone has one positive quality, you might unduly assume other positive qualities—a bias that scholars call the

Question 29

horns effect

Answer 29

perceiving others in an unfairly negative light on the basis of a single negative trait or experience.

Question 30

Perceived self

Answer 30

is the person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest self-examination.

Question 31

facework or identity management

Answer 31

to describe the verbal and nonverbal ways people try to maintain a positive image.

Question 32

culture

Answer 32

The language, values, beliefs, traditions, and customs shared by a group of people.

Question 33

A coculture

Answer 33

a group that is part of an encompassing culture

Question 34

salience

Answer 34

how much weight people attach to cultural characteristics in a particular situation

Question 35

in-group

Answer 35

people you consider to be similar to you and with whom you have an emotional connection

Question 36

out-group

Answer 36

people you view as different and with whom you have little or no sense of affiliation.

Question 37

low-context cultures

Answer 37

mostly use language to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas. They prefer specific, straight-forward communication Ex. US, Canada, northern euro, Israel

Question 38

high-context cultures

Answer 38

rely heavily on unspoken and situational cues and are typically attentive listeners who place a higher value on social harmony than on direct communication. ex. Asian, Latin, and Middle Eastern cultures

Question 39

Uncertainty avoidance

Answer 39

the degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations and try to avoid them

Question 40

Power Distance

Answer 40

The perceived gap between those with substantial power and resources and those with less.

Question 41

Intersectionality

Answer 41

each person experiences life at the juncture of multiple identities that give rise to a unique perspective and collection of experiences.

Question 42

cultural humility

Answer 42

an ongoing process in which people continually learn about others and themselves in an environment that is empowering, respectful, and adaptive.

Question 43

Ethnocentrism

Answer 43

an attitude that one’s own culture is superior to others

Question 44

Hegemony

Answer 44

the dominance of one culture over another