Exam 1 Flashcards by Jennifer Bigalke

the intermittent reinforcement where you see how many we can get, no fixed number

variable ratio

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What are the steps to production of articulation therapy?

IF the child can produce the sound correctly in any context, start there!
If NOT, start by producing in isolation
Nonsense syllables
Short-simple words
Phrases/sentences
Controlled conversation
Free off-guard speech

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How long do you have to complete your CFY after getting your master’s degree?

< 4 years

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the act of providing direction, support, and advice to clients, caregivers, or other professionals regarding communication interventions, treatment plans, or management strategies, often including information on the client’s specific needs, best practices, and potential challenges related to their speech or language disorder

guidance

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a consequence given following a behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future

reinforcement

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A CFY should take how many weeks at 30-hour minimum with 80% direct client contact?

36 weeks

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What are the 3 phases of the multi-phonemic approach?

establishment
transfer
maintenance

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the intermittent reinforcement where a specific amount of time is needed (i.e., 2:00 mins of work)

fixed interval

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In the multi phonemic approach establish target sound in ________ first

isolation

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What type of reinforcement will maintain a new behavior?

substitution, intermittent reinforcement

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a reinforcer where only some of the correct responses are followed by a reinforcer

Intermittement reinforcement

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At what age should children be able to
- manipulate syllables
- phoneme blending & segmenting
- phoneme manipulation (i.e., deletion, addition, substitution, transposition, reversal)

7 years and older

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A supervisor must have a minimum of__% supervision during therapy and __% supervision during evaluation

25% & 50%

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At what age should children be able to
- produce rhyming words
- count the number of syllables in a word
- blend syllables
- blend phonemes
- segments phonemes
- isolates sounds

4-6 years old

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name 3 roles of the supervisor in practicum

Cooperative working relationship
Provide guidelines
Provide consistent feedback-written and verbal
Assist in planning objectives/skills
Facilitate your development clinically
Encourage independence in problem-solving, self-analysis
Help develop verbal/written skills
Provide current resources
Model professional behavior
Evaluate your clinical work
Help, guide, and support you

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approach motivation

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Name 3 responsibilities of a student clinician in practicum

Confidentiality

Client personal and cultural belief

Clinical session preparation

Diagnostic choices

Treatment plan

Record maintenance

Synthesis of information

Self-evaluate

Attendance

Professional behavior

Clinical clock hour maintenance

Supervisory relationship

Enjoy!!!!!

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what word do these syllables make: “bi-cy-cle” is an example of what type of phonological awareness?

blending

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What is an example of a guide for writing behavioral objectives

Who (the client) is doing What (do) How (condition) and How Much (criterion)
ex: John will point to the pictures in the following categories with 80% accuracy over three consecutive days: animals & food

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Name 3 off-campus practicum settings

Public Schools – Direct/indirect services; group sessions; types of clients-all school-age, more severe disabilities

Hospitals-bedside evals, rotating schedules, team approach, acute care, hospital rehab, home health

Skilled Nursing Facilities-

Rehabilitation Facilities – inpatient and outpatient

Psychiatric Hospitals-

Preschool Agencies – ECI (early childhood intervention)

Prisons

Private Practice

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What are the four types of intermittent reinforcement?

fixed ratio
fixed interval
variable ratio
variable interval

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This strategy is most effective for articulation and language with children

Normative strategy

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This approach was originally designed for children with cleft palates

multi-phonemic approach

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What type of reinforcement develops a new behavior?

successive approximation, modeling, cueing

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what is "dinosaur" without "di"? is an example of what type of phonological awareness?

deletion

What are some pre-clinic requirements?

1. academics 2. writing skills (tx plans, lesson plans, etc) 3. oral communication skills 4. personal characteristics (responsible, independent, confident, etc.) 5. knowledge

What articulation approach is designed for an individual with multiple articulation errors?

multi-phonemic approach

This is the number of total practicum hours needed to graduate from master’s program

400 hours total

A supervised learning experience, requires, enthusiasm, dedication, and hard work is what?

Practicum

What type of reinforcement strengthens behvior?

positive reinforcement

T/F: accommodations are not available on the praxis

false

Do you need to pay ASHA due to be certified through them?

Yes

a behavior where a person actively avoids situations or stimuli related to their speech difficulties

avoidance motivation

the act of demonstrating a target speech sound, word, or sentence structure by a therapist or caregiver

modeling

What is the treatment sequence?

1. evaluation and planning - diagnostic evaluation and treatment plan 2. getting the new behavior to occur - strategically teach the desired behavior 3. habituating the new behavior - make the new behavior a habit in the therapy setting 4. generalizing the new behavior - help the client perform the new activities outside the therapy room setting

a behavioral modification technique where individuals earn tangible tokens (like stickers, points, or small toys) for demonstrating desired speech and language behaviors, which they can then exchange for preferred rewards, aiming to positively reinforce and increase the frequency of those target behaviors

token economy

How many hours of on-site supervision and off-site supervision must be completed for CFY

18 and 18

help the client perform the new activities outside the therapy room setting

generalizing the new behavior

At what age should children be able to - recite nursery rhymes - produce rhyme by pattern - recognize alliteration - segment sentences - segment syllables

preschool age 3-4 years old

Name three universal safety precautions in clinic

Vaccinations, gloves, no child left unattended, etc.

the action or behavior a client produces in reaction to a stimulus or question presented by the therapist

response

contingent event

What are the two main schedules of reinforcement?

1. continuous 2. intermittent

Deals with your responsibilities to your colleagues Which code of ethics is this?

Principle of Ethics 4

This set of rules apply to your responsibility to your clients Which code of ethics is this?

Principle of Ethics 1

something a person does

behavior

saying the word one syllable at a time is an example of what type of phonological awareness?

segmenting

What are the steps to the stimulus shift approach for articulation therapy?

1. Echoic stimulus 2. echoic paired with text/picture stimulus 3. picture stimulus 4. picture paired with text/written stimulus 5. printed word stimulus 6. printed/picture word paired with intraverbal condition 7. intraverbal stimulus 8. sentence condition 9. story condition

What type of reinforcement will stop a behavior?

extinction

make the new behavior a habit in the therapy setting

Habituating the behavior

what are the two certifying agencies that apply to Texas? State and national

ASHA and Texas licensure

How many hours of observation are needed for practicum?

25 observation hours, 400 total (325 at graduate level)

what are the five areas of reading success?

1. phonological sensitivity 2. phonics 3. fluency in reading 4. vocabulary (semantics) 5. text comprehension

What is one important document that needs to be seen to the Texas licensure board as soon as possible after graduation?

Transcript showing your degree

This is the maximum number of individuals a supervisor can oversee

These rules relate to your responsibility to the public Which code of ethics is this?

Principle of Ethics 3

This strategy bases goals on known developmental sequences of communicative behaviors in normally achieving individuals

Normative strategy

a therapeutic technique where a clinician gradually reinforces behaviors that progressively get closer to a desired target speech sound or behavior, by breaking down complex skills into smaller, manageable steps and rewarding each successful approximation, essentially "molding" the behavior towards the desired goal

shaping

name 3 things SLPA needs for assistant license in Texas

1. bachelor's degree 2. Must have 25 hours of observation 3. Must have 25 hours of practicum – on the job 4. Must pay fees 5. Must be supervised 2 hours/wk

What articulation approach is intended for a child with few errors (i.e., less than 5) & the client should be stimulable at the word level

Stimulus Shift Approach

Can you practice without a license during your CFY?

2 pre clinic requirements

- academics, writing skills oral communication, etc.

say "cucumber" -- now say "boy" instead of "ber" is an example of what type of phonological awareness?

Subsitution

What are the steps to articulation therapy?

1. Identification & discrimination 2. production

T/F: supervisors in TX must hold a valid Texas license and possess at least a master’s degree in CSD

True

This strategy bases goals on client's specific needs for communication rather than developmental norms

Client specific strategy

These rules apply to your responsibility to yourself to maintain your level of professional competence Which code of ethics is this?

Principle of Ethics 2

What are the parts of phonological awareness?

word level syllable level onset & rime phonemic awareness

the gradual reduction or removal of prompts or assistance provided to a client while teaching a new skill, allowing them to eventually perform the behavior independently, ensuring they don't become reliant on constant prompting

fading

any object, event, or situation that is presented to a client to elicit a specific speech or language response

stimulus

This is the kind of insurance you need after your graduate with a masters

Liability insurance

How many weeks is your CFY?

36 weeks

a reinforcer is presented after every correct response (more prone to exctinction)

Continuous reinforcement

A clinical supervisor for a CFY must have completed a continuing education course in supervisor for_____ hour (s) total, ethics for ____ hours(s)/year, and in cultural linguist diversity for _____ hours(s) every 3 years

3 total 1 in ethics & 2 in cultural linguist diversity

the intermittent reinforcement where a certain amount of responses is needed (i.e., x/5)

fixed ratio

T/ F it is okay to leave adult clients alone

False

the event, circumstance, or action that happens immediately before a behavior

antecedent event

Exam 1 Flashcards

(77 cards)