Exam 1 Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
Nasal cavity location
A
Space between the nares (nostrils)
2
Q
Nasal cavity anterior border
A
Nostrils (nares) + vestibule
3
Q
Posterior border of nasal cavity
A
Choanae + nasopharynx
4
Q
Nasal cavity inferior border
A
Oral cavity, hard + soft palate
5
Q
Nasal cavity superior border
A
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
6
Q
What separates the nasal cavity?
A
Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
7
Q
Nasal cavity function
A
Warms, moistens + cleanses air. Olfaction
8
Q
Anterior border of nasopharynx
A
Choanae
9
Q
Nasal concha
A
3 major projections off the lateral wall of Choanae
10
Q
What drains into the superior nasal meatus
A
Posterior ethmoid air cells (sinus) + sphenoid sinus
11
Q
What drains into the middle nasal meatus
A
Frontal sinus, anterior + middle ethmoid air cells (sinus), maxillary sinus
12
Q
What drains into the inferior nasal meatus
A
Nasolacrimal duct
13
Q
Inferior 2/3 of mucosa
A
respiratory. Ciliated cells + goblet cells
14
Q
Superior or posterior 1/3 of mucosa
A
Olfactory. Smell receptors
15
Q
Posterior-inferior portion of nasal cavity Innervation
A
CN V1
16
Q
Anterior-superior portion of nasal cavity Innervation
A
CN V1
17
Q
External nose portion of nasal cavity Innervation
A
CN V1
18
Q
Alar nasal portion of nasal cavity Innervation
A
CN V2
19
Q
Arterial supply to nasal cavity
A
Sphenopalatine artery + anterior ethmoidal artery
20
Q
Oral cavity roof
A
Hard + soft palates
21
Q
Oral cavity floor
A
Tongue + sublingual mucosa
22
Q
Oral cavity anterior + lateral border
A
Lips, cheeks, teeth
23
Q
Oral cavity posterior border
A
Faucial isthmus
24
Q
Vestibule part of oral cavity
A
Between lips/cheeks + gums
25
Oral cavity proper
Internal to teeth. Occupied by tongue
26
What makes up the faicial isthmus
Palatopharyngeal folds + palatoglossal folds
27
Tongue function
Gustation (taste), mastication (chewing), deglutition (swallowing), + articulation (speech)
28
Terminal sulcus of tongue
Separate the anterior + posterior parts of the tongue
29
Midline sulcus of tongue
Vertical sulcus in anterior tongue
30
Genioglossus Innervation
CN XII
31
Genioglossus action
Protrude + depress tongue. Draws tip back + down. Unilateral contraction
32
hyoglossus Innervation
CN XII
33
hyoglossus action
Retracts + depresses tongue
34
Styloglossus Innervation
CN XII
35
Styloglossus action
Retraction + elevation of tongue. Creates trough when swallowing
36
Palatoglossus action
Raises posterior part of tongue, drawing tongue to soft palate, closes oropharyngeal isthmus
37
Palatoglossus Innervation
CN X and CN XI
38
What is another name for palatoglossus m?
Glossopalatinus
39
Superior longitudinal m Innervation
CN XII
40
Superior longitudinal m action
Curls tongue upward in longitudinal direction. Shortens + thickens tongue
41
Inferior longitudinal m Innervation
CN XII
42
Inferior longitudinal m action
Curls tongue downward in longitudinal direction; shortens + thickens tongue
43
Verticalis Innervation
CN XII
44
Verticalis action
Flattens + broadens tongue
45
Transversus Innervation
CN XII
46
Transversus action
Narrows + elongates tongue
47
Sensory innervation of anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN V3 + CN VII
48
Sensory innervation of posterior 1/3 tongue
CN IX + CN X
49
Motor innervation of tongue
CN XII
50
Arterial supply of tongue
Lingual artery
51
Venous drainage of tongue
Lingual veins
52
what is the cervical plexus formed by
ventral rami of C1-C4
53
phrenic n function
motor to diaphragm
54
what are the branches off of the ECA
superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, + superficial temporal artery
55
what does superior thyroid artery supply
upper pole of thyroid gland + larynx
56
what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply
pharynx
57
what does the lingual artery supply
tongue
58
what does the facial artery supply
the face
59
what does the occipital artery supply
posterior scalp + SCM
60
what does posterior auricular artery supply
parotid gland, facial nerve, temporal bone structures, auricle, + scalp
61
what does the maxillary artery supply
deep structures of the face
62
what does the superficial temporal artery supply
scalp
63
what arteries are involved in migraine headaches
superficial temporal artery + occipital artery
64
what are the branches off of the subclavian artery
vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk
65
what does the internal thoracic artery supply
anterior chest wall, pecs, breast
66
what are the thyrocervical trunk divisions
inferior thyroid artery, suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery
67
what does the inferior thyroid artery supply
inferior pole of thyroid gland
68
what does the suprascapular artery supply
supraspinatus, SCM, subclavius m
69
what does the transverse cervical artery supply
trapezius + SCM
70
carotid sinus
sensitive to blood pressure changes
71
carotid body
senses changes in blood carbon dioxide levels
72
inferior vena cava function
returns blood from below heart
73
superior vena cava function
returns blood from above heart
74
venous angle
where internal jugular vein + subclavian vein join to form the brachiocephalic vein
75
what joins to form the retromandibular vein
superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein
76
what do the superior + middle thyroid veins drain into
internal jugular vein
77
what does the inferior thyroid vein drain into
R + L brachiocephalic vein
78
lymphatic system function
allow passage of larger molecules from fluid in bloodstream, produce lymphocytes, collect tissue fluids + proteins
79
lymph
interstitial fluid that makes its way to lymph nodes
80
lymph nodes
pea sized enlargements that produce lymphocytes. filter lymph
81
what are the superficial cervical nodes
submandibular, submental, anterior cervical, pericervical collar
82
what are the deep cervical nodes
superior deep cervical, inferior deep cervical
83
what drains into the submandibular node
nasal cavity, sinuses, tongue, salivary glands, upper/lower lip, gums, cheeks, conjunctiva
84
what drains into the submental node
tongue tip, central lower lip, mouth floor, teeth, cheek
85
what drains into the anterior cervical node
thyroid, larynx, pharyngeal
86
what is the pericervical collar
the space from occipital node to submandibular node + everything in between
87
what do the superficial cervical nodes drain into
the deep cervical nodes
88
what do the deep cervical nodes drain
head, neck, tongue, larynx, cervical parts of the esophagus/trachea, thyroid gland, upper parts of thoracic wall/breast
89
what does the right lymphatic duct drain into
right venous angle
90
where does the right lymphatic duct receive lymph from
right half of head, neck, thorax, right upper limb
91
what does the thoracic duct drain into
left venous angle
92
where does the thoracic duct receive lymph from
everywhere else (not right lymphatic duct)
93
cisterna chyli
most inferior part of thoracic duct
94
where does cisterna chyli drain lymph from
abdominis
95
what is it called when the supraclavicular node is enlarged on the LEFT
virchow's node/trossiers sign
96
what does trossier's sign usually indicate
GU, GI, + pulmonary cancers
97
what is the arterial supply to the thyroid gland
superior + inferior thyroid arteries
98
what is the venous supply to the thyroid gland
superior, middle, + inferior thyroid veins
99
what is the thyroid ima artery
a branch from the brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch in 4-15% of people
100
thyroid gland lymphatic drainage
deep cervical nodes
101
thyroid gland innervation
CN X
102
what does the thyroid gland produce
thyroxine + triiodothyronine
103
how many parathyroid glands are there
4
104
parathyroid gland function
produce parathyroid hormone
105
parathyroid gland arterial supply
superior + inferior thyroid arteries
106
parathyroid gland venous supply
superior, middle, + inferior thyroid veins
107
parathyroid gland lymphatic drainage
deep cervical nodes
108
parathyroid gland innervation
CN X
109
what is the rima glottidis
space between the vocal folds
110
larynx
regulation of air to the lungs + helps with vocalization
111
thyroid cartilage
forms an incomplete ring
112
parts of thyroid cartilage
2 laminae (flat surfaces), superior horn, inferior horn, + oblique line
113
oblique line of thyroid cartilage
attachment for inferior pharyngeal constrictor, sternothyroid, + thyrohyoid
114
epiglottis
single piece of cartilage covered in mucosa that prevents food from getting into the larynx
115
cricoid cartilage
forms a complete ring (signet ring cartilage)
116
arytenoid cartilage
paired/pyramidal shaped. located posteriorly
117
vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
attachment for vocal ligament
118
muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
attachment for intrinsic muscles of the larynx
119
cricothyroid joint
synovial, rotation
120
cricoarytenoid joint
synocial, glide
121
infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, + thyrohyoid
122
suprahyoid muscles
stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid
123
where does the R recurrent laryngeal n make a "u-turn"
under the subclavian artery
124
where does the L recurrent laryngeal n make a "u-turn"
under the aortic arch
125
what is the recurrent laryngeal n a branch off of
CN X
126
extrinsic larynx muscles origin
outside the larynx
127
extrinsic larynx muscles
omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid, stylopharyngeus
128
intrinsic larynx muscles origin
inside the larynx
129
intrinsic larynx muscles
posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, cricothyroid, vocalis, aryepiglottic, thyroepiglottic
130
intrinsic larynx muscles innervation is ____ EXCEPT _____
recurrent laryngeal n; cricothyroid m
131
aryepiglottic m action
closes laryngeal inlet
132
thyroepiglottic m action
opens the laryngeal inlet
133
posterior cricoarytenoid action
abducts vocal folds + widens the rima glottidis WITH rotation
134
lateral cricoarytenoid m action
closes rima glottidis + adducts vocal folds WITH rotation
135
transverse arytenoid m action
closes rima glottidis + adducts vocal folds W/O rotation
136
oblique arytenoid m action
closes rima glottis + adducts vocal folds by PULLING cartilage together
137
cricothyroid m action
tenses vocal cords + raises pitch
138
cricothyroid m innervation
external laryngeal n
139
vocalis + thyroarytenoid action
shortens cords
140
what is the vocalis m connected to?
the vocal folds
141
what is the thyroarytenoid m connected to
vestibular folds
142
vestibular folds
superior folds, false vocal cords
143
vocal folds
true vocal cords
144
ventricle of the larynx location
between the vestibular folds + vocal folds
145
ventricle of the larynx function
secrete lubrication for vocal cords
146
what muscles act on the cricothyroid joint
cricothyroid m + vocalis m
147
what muscles act on the cricoarytenoid joint
posterior cricoarytenoid m + adductors
148
where does internal laryngeal n innervate
sensory to mucosa above vocal cords
149
where does exterior laryngeal n innervate
motor to cricothyroid m
150
palate
separates nasal cavity from oral cavity
151
hard palate
maxillae + palatine bones covered by mucosal glands
152
soft palate
posterior to hard palate, terminates at the uvula
153
what are the 4 palate muscles
levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatoglossus
154
levator veli palatini action
raises soft palate + opens auditory tube
155
levator veli palatini innervation
pharyngeal branch of CN X
156
tensor veli palatini action
tenses soft palate, open auditory tube
157
tensor veli palatini innervation
CN V3 (mandibular branch)
158
musculus uvulae action
raises uvula
159
palatoglossus action
raises posterior part of tongue (brings tongue to soft palate)
160
palatoglossus innervation
pharyngeal branch of CN X
161
what is another name for the palatoglossus m
glossopalatinus
162
pharynx
muscular tube behind nose, mouth, + larynx
163
nasopharynx
superior division of pharynx
164
nasopharynx function
communicate with the nasal cavity through posterior nasal aperture
165
oropharynx
middle division of pharynx
166
oropharynx function
communicates with the oral cavity through the oropharyngeal isthmus
167
laryngopharynx
inferior division of pharynx
168
laryngopharynx function
communicates with the larynx through the laryngeal isthmus
169
nasopharynx superior border
sphenoid + occipital bone
170
nasopharynx inferior border
soft palate
171
nasopharynx anterior border
nasal choanae
172
nasopharynx posterior border
posterior wall of the pharynx
173
oropharynx superior border
soft palate
174
oropharynx inferior border
posterior 1/3 of tongue + epiglottis
175
oropharynx anterior border
faucial isthmus
176
oropharynx posterior border
posterior wall of pharynx
177
what makes up the faucial isthmus
palatopharyngeal fold + palatoglossal fold
178
laryngopharynx superior border
epiglottis
179
laryngopharynx inferior border
inferior border of cricoid cartilage
180
laryngopharynx anterior border
posterior surface of larynx
181
laryngopharynx posterior border
posterior wall of pharynx
182
circular (constrictor) muscles action
constrict the wall of the pharynx while swallowing to push a bolus of food down toward the esophagus
183
circular (constrictor) muscles innervation
pharyngeal branch of CN X
184
what are the 3 circular (constrictor) muscles
superior pharyngeal constrictor m, middle pharyngeal constrictor m, + inferior pharyngeal constrictor m
185
what are the 2 parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor m
thyropharyngeus + cricopharyngeus
186
what are the 3 longitudinal muscles
stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
187
longitudinal muscles action
elevate larynx + pharynx when swallowing + speaking
188
salpingopharyngeus m innervation
pharyngeal branch of CN X
189
palatopharyngeus m innervation
pharyngeal branch of CN X
190
stylopharyngeus m innervation
CN IX
191
Buccal stage of deglutition
Voluntary, mastication
192
Pharyngeal stage of deglutition
Involuntary, 3 phases
193
Phase 1 of pharyngeal stage of deglutition
Palatoglossus + palatopharyngeus squeeze bolus back into oropharynx. Elevator + tensor veil palatini + uvula elevate soft palate
194
Phase 2 of pharyngeal stage of deglutition
Stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, + salpingopharyngeus elevate pharynx walls. Suprahyoids elevate hyoid bone + larynx
195
Phase 3 of pharyngeal stage of deglutition
Superior, middle, + inferior constrictors contract to move food
196
Esophageal stage of deglutition
Involuntary, pushes food into stomach
197
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue (4)
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
198
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue (4)
Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, verticalis, transversus
199
What does the superficial layer of deep cervical layer invest
SCM and trapezius
200
what does the superficial cervical fascia invest
platysma muscle
201
what does the superficial layer of the muscular layer of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia invest
sternohyoid m + omohyoid m
202
what does the deep layer of the muscular layer of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia invest
sternothyroid m + thyrohyoid m
203
what does the visceral layer of the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia invest
thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, trachea, esophagus
204
what does the buccopharyngeal fascia layer invest
buccinator + dorsal esophagus
205
what layers contribute to the carotid sheath
superficial layer, pretracheal, + prevertebral layers
206
what is the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia also called? (the ____ layer)
the investing layer
207
what does the prevertevral fascia invest
vertebral column
208
what does the anterior part of the prevertebral fascia invest
prevertebral muscles
209
what does the posterior part of the prevertebral fascia invest
deep cervical muscles
210
contents of the carotid sheath
ICA, common carotid artery, jugular veins, vagus n
211
what layers make up the true retropharyngeal space
between the buccopharyngeal fascia + alar portion of the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
212
what layers make up the danger retropharyngeal space
between the alar + posterior portions of the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
