exam 3 Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
external oblique m action
A
compress + support abdominal viscera + flexes/rotates trunk
2
Q
external oblique m innervation
A
thoraco-abdominal n t7-t11 + subcostal n
3
Q
external oblique m origin
A
external surface of ribs 5-12
4
Q
external oblique m insertion
A
linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
5
Q
internal oblique m action
A
compress + support abdominal viscera. flex + rotate trunk
6
Q
internal oblique m innervation
A
thoraco-abdominal n t6-t12 + l1 n
7
Q
internal oblique m origin
A
thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, connective tissue deep to lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
8
Q
internal oblique m insertion
A
inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pecten pubis
9
Q
transversus abdominis action
A
compress + support abdominal viscera
10
Q
transversus abdominis innervation
A
thoraco-abdominal n t6-t12 + l1 n
11
Q
transversus abdominis origin
A
internal surfaces of costal cartilage 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, connective tissue deep to lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
12
Q
transversus abdominis insertion
A
linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pecten pubis
13
Q
rectus abdominis action
A
flexes trunk, compresses abdominal viscera, stabilizes + controls tilt of pelvis
14
Q
rectus abdominis innervation
A
thoraco-abdominal n t6-t12
15
Q
rectus abdominis origin
A
pubic symphysis + pubic crest
16
Q
rectus abdominis insertion
A
xiphoid process + costal cartilage 5-7
17
Q
what two muscles does the neurovascular plane sit between
A
internal oblique + transversus abdominus
18
Q
general functions of anterolateral abdominal muscles
A
support for body wall, visceral support/protection, compression, increased intra-abdominal pressure, trunk movement/pelvic tilt, resting lumbar lordosis, lateral lumbar flexion, lower thoracic rotation, postural support
19
Q
what nerves supply the skin + muscles of the abdominal wall
A
t6-t11 thoracoabdominal n, t7-10 lateral cutaneous branch n, subcostal n, iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n
20
Q
what skin does t7-t9 nerves supply
A
skin superior to umbilicus
21
Q
what skin does t10 n supply
A
skin around umbilicus
22
Q
what skin does t11 n supply
A
skin below umbilicus
23
Q
abdominal blood supply
A
DRAWN OUT
24
Q
median umbilical fold
A
apex of badder to umbilicus
25
what does the median umbilical fold cover
median umbilical ligament
26
lateral umbilical folds
covers inferior epigastric vessels
27
median umbilical folds
cover the medial umbilical ligaments formed by occluded parts of umbilical arteries
28
inguinal triangle of hesselbach lateral border
inferior epigastric vessels
29
inguinal triangle of hesselbach medial border
margin of rectus abdominus
30
inguinal triangle of hesselbach inferior border
inguinal ligament/iliopubic tract
31
what is the significance of the inguinal triangle of hesselbach?
area of weakness in abdominal wall as we age
32
contents of inguinal canal in men
blood vessels, lymphatics, ilioinguinal n, genital branch of genitofemoral n, + spermatic cord
33
contents of inguinal canal in women
blood vessels, lymphatics, ilioinguinal n, genital branch of genitofemoral n, + round ligament of uterus
34
anterior wall of inguinal canal
external oblique aponeurosis
35
posterior wall of inguinal canal
transversalis fascia + conjoint tendon
36
what makes up the conjoint tendon
internal oblique m + transversus abdominus m
37
roof of inguinal canal
transversalis fascia, internal oblique + transversus abdominus aponeuroses, + external oblique
38
floor of inguinal canal
iliopubic tract, inguinal ligament, + lacunar ligamnet
39
indirect hernia characteristics
in deep inguinal ring, in babies, palpable in the scrotum or labia majora
40
direct hernia characteristics
hernia bulges through posterior wall, in older adults, lifting injuries, palpable in the inguinal region
41
who are hernias more common in
men
42
what structures pass through the spematic cord
testes, epiidymis, + lower part of spermatic cord
43
what does the peritoneum (abdominal wall) become in the scrotum
tunica vaginalis
44
what does the transversalis fascia (abdominal wall) become in the scrotum
internal spermatic fascia
45
what does the internal oblique m (abdominal wall) become in the scrotum
cremasteric fascia + cremaster m
46
what does the external oblique m (abdominal wall) become in the scrotum
external spermatic fascia
47
what does the subcutaneous tissue/superficial fascia/deep fascia (abdominal wall) become in the scrotum
dartos muscle
48
what does the skin (abdominal wall) become in the scrotum
skin
49
cremaster m action
draw testes up/down to regulate temperature
50
dartos m action
wrinkles skin to reduce surface area to regulate temperature
51
spermatic cord contents
testicular a, artery of vas deferens, cremasteric a, genital branch n, sympathetic nerves, vas deferens, lymphatic vessels, tunica vaginalis, pampiniform plexus
52
pampiniform plexus
12 veins that converge to yield the testicular v on the right or left
53
male gubernaculum
remnant of fetal life that persists as scrotal ligament
54
testes layers from superficial to deep
tunica vaginalis parietal, tunica vaginalis visceral, tunica albuginea
55
septa + lobules of testes
septa divides space into wedge shaped lobules
56
mediastinum testis
fibrous compartment posterior where the septa converge
57
seminiferous tubules
functional sperm producing portion
58
how many lobules are in each seminiferous tubule
2-3 lobules
59
what do the seminiferous tubules unite to form
straight tubules
60
rete testis
network of canals located within the mediastinum testi. where straight tubules empty
61
efferent ductules
ducts that connect rete teste to head of epididymis
62
epididymis
c-shaped structure attached to superior + posterior aspect of the testis
63
epididymis function
stores sperm until they mature
64
parts of the epididymis
head, body, + tail
65
cremasteric reflex
contraction of cremaster m elicited by lightly stroking skin of medial aspect of the superior part of the thigh
66
what is the peritoneum
smooth membrane lining abdominal cavity
67
functions of the peritoneum
minimize friction, resist infection, fat storage
68
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal space
69
innervation of peritoneal
phrenic n, intercostal n, subcostal n, iliohypogastric n, + ilioinguinal n
70
ligaments of the greater omentum
gastrophrenic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, gastrocolic ligament
71
gastrophrenic ligament
connects greater curvature of stomach to diaphragm
72
gastrosplenic ligament
connects greater curvature of stomach to spleen
73
gastrocolic ligament
connects greater curvature to transverse colon
74
what is the omentum
broad, apron like reflection of peritoneum
75
greater omentum
"fatty apron" that hangs from greater curvature of stomach + covers viscera
76
lesser omentum
double layer of peritoneum that extends to porta hepatis of liver to lesser curvature of stomach
77
lesser omentum ligaments
hepatogastric ligament + hepatoduodenal ligament
78
hepatogastric ligament
connects liver to lesser curvature of stomach
79
hepatoduodenal ligament
connects liver to duodenum
80
is the peritoneal cavity open or closed
closed in males + open in females
81
mesentery
encloses arteries, veins, nerves, + lymphatics
82
mesentery of jejunum/ileum
suspends from posterior body wall + transmits nerves + vessels
83
transverse mesocolon
connects transverse colon to posterior body wall
84
sigmoid mesocolon
connects to pelvic wall
85
mesoappendix
connects appendix to mesentery of ileum
86
superior border of epiploic foramen
liver
87
anterior border of epiploic foramen
free edge of lesser omentum
88
inferior border of epiploic foramen
1st part of duodenum
89
posterior border of epiploic foramen
peritoneum
90
structures within the lesser omentum
bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein
91
what is the porta hepatis
the bile duct, hepatic artery, and portal v all together
92
innervation to stomach
anterior + posterior vagal trunk nerves
93
layers of the stomach from superficial to deep
serosa, muscularis, submucosa, + mucosa
94
serosa layer of stomach
connective tissue + serous fluid secreting epithelium
95
muscularis externa layer of stomach
longitudinal circular + oblique smooth muscle
96
what muscle is only found in the stomach
oblique smooth muscle layer
97
submucosa layer of stomach
thick layer of connective tissue with blood vessels + lymphatics to absorb nutrients from mucosa
98
mucosa layer of stomach
epithelial lining of GI tract
99
gastric pits location
long, branched tube glands that extend + open into the lumen of the stomach
100
gastric pits function
secrete gastric juice
101
rugae of stomach
folds in mucosa
102
myenteric plexus
innervate muscles of GIT. between muscularis layers
103
submucosa plexus
innervate glands. between muscularis + submucosa layers
104
muscular layers of the stomach from superficial to deep
longitudinal layer, circular layer, + oblique layer
105
surface mucosa cell function
secrete alkaline mucus
106
mucosa neck cell function
secrete more acidic mucus
107
parietal cell function
secrete intrinsic factor + HCl
108
why is intrinsic factor important
helps with b12 absorption
109
chief cell function
secrete pepsinogen
110
neuroendocrine cell function
gastric acid secretion
111
innervation to duodenum
vagus (parasym) + t5-t9 greater splanchnic nerves
112
innervation to jejunum
9-10 lesser splanchnic nerves (symp) + vagus (parasymp)
113
innervation to ileum
9-10 lesser splanchnic nerves (symp) + vagus (parasymp)
114
duodenum
first portion of small intestines. c-shaped
115
how many parts are there in the duodenum
4; superior/first, descending/second, horizontal/third, + ascending/fourth
116
gallbladder relationship to duodenum
lies anterior to 1st + 2nd parts
117
transverse mesocolon relationship to duodenum
attaches to middle of 2nd part
118
superior mesenteric vessel in relation to duodenum
passes anterior to 3rd part
119
plicae circulares
projections of mucosa + submucosa into interstitial lumen
120
villi
projections of the mucosa + lamina propria into lumen of intestine
121
mucosa tissue
simple columnar epithelium w/microvilli
122
jejunum
2nd part of small intestines
123
jejunum characteristics
thick walled, deep red color, large folds
124
ileum
3rd part of the small intestines
125
ileum characteristics
thin walls, pale color, less fat, few circular folds
126
meckel's diverticulum
rare outpouching of ileum near vitelline duct
127
innervation to large intestines
vagus n + s2-s4 splanchnic nerves (both parasymp), inferior hypogastric plexuses (symp)
128
omental/epiploic appendices
fat filled pouches of peritoneum
129
haustra
sacculations that provide "baggy" aspect of large intestines
130
teniae coli
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle under peritoneum
131
large intestines functions
absorbing water/electrolytes, producing/absorbing vitamins, forming/moving feces to rectum
132
stomach + intestine blood supply
DRAWN OUT
133
what in the GI tract is derived from the foregut
esophagus, stomach, proximal half of duodenum, liver, gallbladder, + pancreas
134
what supplies blood to the foregut derivatives
celiac trunk
135
what in the GI tract is derived from the midgut
distal half of duodenum, small intestine, proximal half of large intestine, + proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
136
what supplies blood to the midgut derivatives
superior mesenteric artery
137
what in the GI tract is derived from the hindgut
distal 1/3 of transverse colon + proximal 1/2 of anal canal
138
what supplies blood to the hindgut derivatives
inferior mesenteric artery
139
external sphincter of anal canal
has 3 parts + ALL voluntary
140
right hypochondriac region
top right abdomen region
141
epigastric region
top middle abdomen region
142
left hypochondriac region
top left abdomen region
143
right lumbar region
middle right abdomen region
144
umbilical region
middle middle abdomen region
145
left lumbar region
left middle abdomen region
146
right iliac region
bottom right abdomen region
147
hypogastric region
bottom middle abdomen region
148
left iliac region
bottom left abdomen region
149
what separates the hypochondriac regions from the epigastric region
mid-clavicular lines
150
what separates the epigastric region from umbilical region
subcostal plane
151
what separates the umbilical region from the hypogastric region
intertubercular plane
152
what important structure is in the right iliac region
appendix
153
liver functions
glycogen storage, bile production, detoxification
154
what are the functional lobes of the liver
2. right + left lobes
155
what are the anatomical lobes of the liver
4. left, right, quadrate, + caudate
156
liver ligaments
falciform, round, r triangular, l triangular, coronary, hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal ligaments
157
falciform ligament
anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
158
round ligament
remnant of umbilical vein
159
porta hepatis
where portal vein, hepatic a, + bile duct pass
160
blood supply to liver/gallbladder
DRAWN OUT
161
gallbladder functions
store + secrete bile, concentrate bile
162
biliary system
bile travels through l/r hepatic ducts, then common hepatic duct, then common bile duct
163
white pulp
lymph nodules that contain t-lymphocytes + macrophages
164
white pulp functions
helps w/immune response to infection
165
red pulp
80% of spleen parenchyma. made of cords (macrophages + venous sinus)
166
red pulp function
remove old rbc's, sequestration of platelets, rbc storage
167
alpha pancreas cells
secretes glucagon
168
beta pancreas cells
secretes insulin
169
gamma pancreas cells
secretes pancreatic polypeptide
170
delta pancreas cells
secretes somatostatin
171
epsilon pancreas cells
secretes ghrelin (hunger)
172
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