Exam 1 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Parts of the cranium
A
Neurocranium + viscerocranium
2
Q
Parts of neurocranium
A
Cranial bones, meninges, proximal CNs, vasculature of brain
3
Q
Neurocranium function
A
Encloses + protects brain
4
Q
Viscerocranium parts
A
Facial bones, mouth, nose, orbits
5
Q
Sagittal sutures
A
Connects parietals
6
Q
Coronal suture
A
Connects parietals + frontals
7
Q
Squamosal suture
A
Connects parietals + temporals
8
Q
Lambdoidal suture
A
Connects parietals + occipital
9
Q
Asterion
A
Junction of parietal, temporal, and occipital bones
10
Q
Pterion
A
Junction of parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones
11
Q
Nasion
A
Junction of frontal and nasal bones. Nasal bone proper
12
Q
Inion
A
Tip of the external occipital protuberance
13
Q
Bregma
A
Intersection of coronal + sagittal sutures
14
Q
Lambda
A
Intersection of lambdoid + sagittal sutures
15
Q
Vertex
A
Most superior point of skull along sagittal suture
16
Q
Basion
A
Anterior margin of foramen magnum
17
Q
Opisthion
A
Posterior margin of foramen magnum
18
Q
Cranial bones
A
Temporal bones, parietal bones, frontal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone
19
Q
Frontal bone - glabella
A
Depression between superciliary arches
20
Q
What cranial bone has the hardest + softest parts of the skull?
A
Temporal bones
21
Q
What bone is the dorsum sellae apart of?
A
Sphenoid bone
22
Q
What is a deviated septum?
A
Displaced cartilage of the ethmoid bone
23
Q
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
A
Inferior projection forming superior nasal septum
24
Q
Crista galli of ethmoid bone
A
Vertical projection, dura mater attachment
25
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
Porous for nerves (olfactory n passage)
26
Which conchae are apart of the ethmoid bone?
Superior + middle conchae
27
Conchae function
Moistens, cleanses, + warms area. Increases surface area
28
Facial bones
Zygomatic bone, lacrimal bones, nasal bones, palatine bones, vomer, inferior nasal concha, maxillae, mandible
29
What bones make up the hard palate?
Maxilla + palatine bones
30
What facial bone DOES NOT join the maxillae?
Mandible
31
What is the only freely moveable bone of the skull?
Mandible
32
What are the foramen in the skull?
Olfactory foramina, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen o ale, foramen lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, stylomastoid foramen, hypoglossal canal, greater + lesser palatine foramina, coratid canal + foramen spinosum
33
What is contained within the foramina of the Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?
CN I - olfactory
34
What is contained within the optic canal?
CN II - optic
35
What is contained within the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, IV, V1, VI - oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens
36
Where does CN V1 exit the head
Superior orbital fissure
37
Where does CN V2 exit the head?
Foramen rotundum
38
Where does CN V3 exit the head?
Foramen ovale
39
Where does CN VII exit the head from?
Internal acoustic meatus
40
Where does CN VIII exit the head from?
Internal acoustic meatus
41
What CNs exit through the jugular foramen?
CN IX, X, + XI
42
What is contained within the hypoglossal canal?
CN XII - hypoglossal n
43
What is contained within the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
44
Contents of the greater palatine foramen
Greater palatine n
45
Contents of lesser palatine foramina
Lesser palatine n
46
Foramen spinosum contents
Middle meningeal artery
47
What are the motor branches of facial n (CN VII)?
Temporal branch n, zygomatic branch n, buccal branch n, marginal mandibular branch n, + cervical branch n
48
SCALP acronym meaning
Skin, connective tissue, aponeurotic layer, loose connective tissue, pericranium
49
Muscles of facial expression Innervation
CN VII - facial n
50
Frontalis m action
Protracts scalp when it works alone + raises eyebrows w/occipitalis m
51
Occipitalis m action
Retracts scalp when it works alone + raises eyebrows w/frontalis m
52
What 2 muscles make up the epicranious (occipitofrontalis) m
Occipitalis + frontalis
53
Orbicularis oculi m orbital part action
Forcibly closes eyelid
54
Orbicularis oculi m palpebral part action
Effortlessly closes eyelids (blinking)
55
Orbicularis oculi m lacrimal part action
Dilates lacrimal sac
56
Corrugated supercilii m action
Frowning; draws eyebrows down + medial
57
Procerus m action
Sadness; wrinkles skin between eyebrows
58
Nasalis m transverse part action
Compresses nostrils
59
Nasalis m alar part action
Dilates nostrils
60
Orbicularis oris m action
Closes/purses lips + articulation of speech
61
What muscles elevate the upper lip
Zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
62
What muscle bifurcates to create dimples
Zygomaticus major
63
Risorius m action
Grimace; retracts angle of mouth
64
Depressor labii inferioris m action
Depressors lower lip
65
Depressor anguli oris m action
Pouting/frowning; depresses angle of mouth
66
Mentalis m action
Pout/doubt; elevates + protrudes lower lip
67
Buccinator m action
Compresses check to keep it taught
68
Platysma m action
Depresses mandible + angle of mouth
69
What are the muscles of mastication
Temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, + medial pterygoid
70
What is the Innervation for muscles of mastication
CN V3
71
Temporalis m action
Closes jaw + retracts jaw
72
Masseter m action
Closes jaw + retracts jaw
73
Medial pterygoid m action
Closes jaw
74
Lateral pterygoid m action
opens, protrudes, + moves mandible from side to side
75
TMJ jt type
Synovial hinge
76
TMJ innervation
Auriculotemporal n (branch of V3)
77
Disc of TMJ
No innervation
78
TMJ ligaments
Temporomandibular lig, sphenomandibular lig, stylomandibular lig
79
TMJ hinge/rotational motion
Between condyle + disc
80
TMJ gliding/transition motion
Between mandibular fossa + disc when jaw is relaxed
81
TMJ lateral motion
Gliding of upper compartment
82
What is TMJD clicking
Disc displacement with reduction
83
TMJ locking
Displaced disc prevents normal motion
84
TMJ open lock
Unable to close mouth. 5% of ppl
85
TMJ open lock mechanism
Condyle stuck in open bc disc lagged behind
86
TMJ closed lock
Cannot fully open, 10% of patients
87
TMJ closed lock mechanism
Disc is anterior to condyle + prevents jaw from opening
88
Who is TMJ more common in?
Women
89
Gingivae
Fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane
90
Gingiva proper
Attached gingiva
91
Alveolar mucosa
Unattached gingiva
92
Teeth function
Mastication + articulation
93
Deciduous teeth
Primary (childhood teeth), 20
94
Permanent teeth
Secondary (adult teeth), 32
95
Innervation for maxillary teeth
V2
96
Innervation for mandibular teeth
V3
97
Incisors
Thin cutting edges, 2 per quadrant
98
Canines
Single prominent cones, 1 per quadrant
99
Premolars
Bicuspid, 2 per quadrant
100
Molars
3+ cusps, 3 per quadrant
101
How many quadrants are there in the mouth
4
102
Where is tooth 1 in the quadrants
Most posterior tooth in upper right quadrant
103
Where is tooth 32 in the quadrants
Most posterior tooth in lower right quadrant
104
Vestibular surface of teeth
Outer surface towards the cheeks
105
Lingual surface of the teeth
Inner surface towards the tongue
106
Proximal surface of the teeth
Closest to the midline (usually surface before tooth moving posteriorly)
107
Distal surface of the tooth
Farthest from the midline (usually surface after tooth moving posteriorly)
108
Occlusional surface of the tooth
Area where cusps come together on tooth
109
Gomphosis
Fibrous joint that connects roots to alveolar bone
110
Periodontium
Ligaments that contain pressure receptive nerve endings
111
Vestibule of nostrils
Expanded space inside each nostril; contain hair, sebaceous glands, + sweat glands
112
superior nasal meats drains…
Posterior ethmoid air cells + sphenoid sinus
113
Middle nasal meatus drains…
Frontal sinus, anterior + middle ethmoid air cells, maxillary sinus
114
Inferior nasal meatus drains…
Nasolacrimal duct
115
What arteries supply the nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine artery + anterior ethmoidal artery
116
Posterior-inferior portion of nasal cavity innervation
Maxillary n (branch off of v2)
117
Anterior-superior portion of nasal cavity innervation
Ophthalmic n (branch off of v1)
118
External nose innervation
CN v1
119
Where do olfactory nerves come from
Cells in olfactory epithelium in septum
120
Paranasal sinuses
Cavities found within certain cranial + facial bones
121
Frontal sinus
Above roof of nasal cavity. Most asymmetrical
122
When is the frontal sinus detectable (what age)
Age 7
123
Maxillary sinus
Largest sinus + most important
124
What is unique about the maxillary sinus
Outflow tracts go against gravity
125
Sphenoid sinus
Located in body of sphenoid. Extensive pneumatization
126
When is the sphenoid sinus detectable by?
Age 5
127
Ethmoid sinus is detectable by what age
Age 2
128
Ethmoid sinus
Pneumatization
