Exam 2 Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
Temporal fossa is formed by?
A
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
2
Q
Temporal fossa boundaries
A
Superior temporal line + zygoma
3
Q
What are the contents of the temporal fossa
A
Temporalis m, superficial temporal a + v, auriculotemporal n, deep temporal a + n
4
Q
Lateral boundary of infratemporal fossa
A
Ramus of mandible
5
Q
Medial border of infratemporal fossa
A
Lateral pterygoid plate
6
Q
Anterior border of infratemporal fossa
A
Maxilla
7
Q
Posterior border of infratemporal fossa
A
Temporal bone
8
Q
Superior border of infratemporal fossa
A
Zygomatic arch + greater wing of sphenoid
9
Q
Inferior border of infratemporal fossa
A
Medial pterygoid m + angle of mandible
10
Q
Muscles found in the infratemporal fossa
A
Inferior Temporalis m, lateral + medial pterygoid m’s
11
Q
Artery + veins found in the infratemporal fossa
A
Mandible + pterygoid parts of maxillary a, pterygoid venous plexus
12
Q
Nerves found in the infratemporal fossa
A
V3 branches, otic ganglion, chorda tympani
13
Q
Mandibular (1st) part of maxillary artery
A
Runs horizontal deep to condylar neck of mandible
14
Q
Branches of mandibular part maxillary a
A
Deep auricular a, anterior tympanic a, middle meninges a, accessory meningeal a, + inferior alveolar a
15
Q
Pterygoid (2nd) part of maxillary a
A
Ascends obliquely, adjacent to lateral pterygoid
16
Q
Branches of pterygoid part of maxillary a
A
Masseteric a, deep temporal a, pterygoid branches, buccal a
17
Q
Pterygopalatine (3rd) part of maxillary artery
A
Anteromedial to lateral pterygoid passes through pterygomaxillary fissures to pterygopalatine fossa
18
Q
Branches off the pterygopalatine part of maxillary a
A
Posterior superior alveolar a, infraorbital a, descending palatine a, a of pterygoid canal, pharyngeal branch, descending palatine a, sphenopalatine a
19
Q
Nerves in the infratemporal foramen
A
Auriculotemporal n, inferior alveolar n, lingual n, buccal n, otic ganglion, chorda tympani
20
Q
Pterygopalatine fossa
A
Located medially to intratemporal fossa + accessed by going through pterygomaxillary fissure
21
Q
Roof of pterygopalatine fossa
A
Greater wing of sphenoid
22
Q
Anterior border of pterygopalatine fossa
A
Maxilla
23
Q
Posterolateral border of pterygopalatine fossa
A
Pterygoid process of sphenoid
24
Q
Medial border of pterygopalatine fossa
A
Vertical plate of palatine bone
25
Floor of pterygopalatine fossa
Horizontal plate of palatine bone
26
Contents of pterygopalatine fossa
3rd part of maxillary a,V2 branches, pterygopalatine ganglion
27
Pharyngeal n innervates?
Nasopharynx
28
Nasopalatine n innervates?
Nasal septum + hard palate
29
Posterior superior lateral nasal n innervates?
Posterior superior lateral nasal wall
30
Greater palatine n innervates?
Hard palate + lateral nasal wall
31
Lesser palatine n innervates?
Soft palate
32
Platysma action
Depresses mandible + angle of mouth
33
Platysma Innervation
CN VII
34
Trapezius action
Elevates, retracts, depresses scapula
35
Trapezius Innervation
CN XI
36
SCM action
Main flexor of head + rotation
37
SCM Innervation
CN XI
38
Sternohyoid m action
Depress hyoid + larynx
39
Infrahyoid muscle group innervation
Cervical plexus
40
Sternohyoid m innervation
Ansa cervicalis
41
Omohyoid m action
Depresses hyoid + larynx
42
Omohyoid m innervation
Ansa cervicalis
43
Sternothyroid m action
Depresses larynx
44
Sternothyroid m innervation
Ansa cervicalis
45
Thyrohyoid m action
Depress hyoid bone
46
Thyrohyoid m innervation
C1
47
Digastric m action
Elevate hyoid bone + depress mandible when hyoid is fixed
48
Digastric m innervation
CN V + VII
49
Stylohyoid m action
Elevates hyoid bone + tongue
50
Stylohyoid m innervation
CN VII
51
Mylohyoid m action
Elevates hyoid + floor of mouth
52
Mylohyoid m innervation
CN v
53
Geniohyoid m action
Elevate hyoid bone + tongue
54
Geniohyoid m innervation
C1
55
Cricothyroid m action
Tenses + elongates vocal cords
56
Cricothyroid m innervation
External laryngeal branch of CN X
57
Longus colli m action
Flexion of the neck
58
Longus capitus m action
Flexion of the head, ipsilateral rotation
59
Scalene m action
Elevation of ribs, flexion of the neck
60
Anterior triangle roof
Investing cervical fascia
61
Anterior triangle anterior border
Midline divides anterior triangle into L + R sides
62
Anterior triangle posterior border
Posterior border of SCM
63
Anterior triangle superior border
Inferior margin of mandible
64
Anterior triangle floor
Pharynx, larynx,+ thyroid gland
65
What smaller triangles are found in the anterior triangle
Digastric, submental, carotid, + muscular
66
Digastric triangle superior border
Inferior margin of mandible
67
Digastric triangle anterior border
Anterior belly of digastric
68
Digastric triangle posterior border
Posterior belly of digastric
69
Contents of digastric triangle
ECA, ICA, IJV, CN IX, CN X, CN XII
70
Submental triangle lateral border
Opposing anterior bellies of digastric m
71
Submental triangle posterior border
Body of hyoid
72
Contents of submental triangle
Submental lymph nodes + start of anterior jugular v
73
Carotid triangle superior border
Posterior belly of digastric + Stylohyoid
74
Carotid triangle anterior border
Superior belly of Omohyoid
75
Carotid triangle posterior border
SCM
76
Contents of carotid triangle
CCA, ECA, ICA, ECA branches, IJV, CN IX, CN X, CN XII
77
Inferior border of muscular triangle
SCM
78
Superior border of muscular triangle
Superior belly of omomhyoid
79
Contents of the muscular triangle
Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid, thyroid gland, larynx, trachea, esophagus, recurrent laryngeal n
80
Anterior border of muscular triangle
Midline divides L + R sides
81
Posterior triangle anterior border
SCM
82
Posterior triangle posterior border
Trapezius
83
Posterior triangle caudal border
Clavicle
84
Contents of the posterior triangle
External jugular vein, cutaneous n of cervical plexus, CN XI, brachial plexus
85
What are the boundaries of the occipital triangle
Trapezius, SCM, inferior belly of omomhyoid
86
Occipital triangle contents
CN XII, cervical plexus
87
Omoclavicular/subclavian triangle boundaries
SCM, inferior belly Omohyoid, clavicle
88
Omoclavicular/subclavian triangle contents
Brachial plexus trunks, subclavian a, subclavian v, EJV
89
How many vertebrae are found in the spine
33
90
How many discs are found in the spine
23
91
How many segments in the spine are mobile
24
92
Primary curvatures
Exist at birth, posterior curves
93
Secondary curvature
Develop after birth, anterior curves
94
Kyphosis
Increase in the normal forward bend in the thoracic region of the spine
95
Lordosis
Increase in the curve in the lumbar area of the spine
96
Scoliosis
Side curvature
97
Causes of hypolordotic curve
Poor posture, excessive weight, muscle spasm
98
Features on the vertebral arch
Pedicule, superior vertebral notch, inferior vertebral notch, lamina
99
Processes on typical vertebrae
2 transverse processes, 1 spinous process, 2 superior articular processes, 2 inferior articular processes
100
Pars interarticularis
Lies between the superior + inferior articular processes
101
Vertebral foramen
Large hole between body + vertebral arch
102
Anterior boundary of vertebral foramen
PLL + body
103
Lateral boundary of vertebral foramen
Peduncles
104
Posterior boundary of vertebral foramen
Lamina + yellow ligament
105
Contents of intervertebral foramen
Spinal nerve, dorsal root ganglia, plexus of veins, spinal artery, recurrent meningeal n, transformational ligament
106
Nucleus pulposus
Soft gelatinous center containing a few cells derived from notochord
107
Annulus fibrosus
Tough flexible ring formed by fibrocartilage
108
Intervertebral joints
Between 2 contiguous vertebrae
109
Zygapophyseal joint
Between the inferior + superior articular facets
110
Interlaminar joints
Between the vertebral arches
111
Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
From occipital bone + anterior to foramen magnum to sacrum
112
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
From C2 to sacrum
113
Supraspinous ligament (SSL)
From C7 to sacrum
114
Interspinous ligament
Connecting adjoining spinous processes
115
Intertransverse ligaments
Connecting adjacent transverse processes
116
Ligamentum flavum
Yellow ligament; connecting adjacent lamina
117
Ligamentum nuchae
Extension of the supraspinous ligament above C7 connecting the spines to the occiput
118
Tectorial membrane
Extension of the PLL from C2 body to internal surface of occipital bone
119
Lumbarization
Failure of S1 to fuse with the rest of the sacrum
120
Sacralization
Fusion of the transverse processes of L5 with the sacrum
121
Common features of cervical vertebrae
Body, vertebral foramen, pedicle, lamina, spinous process, superior + inferior articular processes, transverse process, sulcus for spinal n, anterior + posterior tubercles
122
Uncinate process
Forming uncovertebral joints
123
Transverse foramen (foramen transversarium)
Transmits the vertebral a + v
124
Cervical facet joints
Angles of facet joints allow for mostly flexion/extension + lateral bending
125
Uncovertebral joints
Prevent excessive lateral flexion + helps protect contents of IVF
126
C6 carotid tubercle
Enlarged anterior tubercle
127
C7 vertebra prominens
No bifid spinous process, longer transverse process, only vertebral vein
128
Atlas charateristics
No body, no spinous process, ring shaped, smaller transverse process, 2 arch’s, 2 lateral masses, 2 transverse
129
steel's rule of thirds
the odontoid, spinal cord, and space available for spinal cord all take up 1/3 of the atlas
130
vertebral artery
1 of 2 principle arteries that supply the brain. also supplies the spinal cord, meninges, surrounding muscles, + bones
131
how many parts are there to the vertebral artery
4
132
1st part of vertebral artery location
origin to foremen transversarium of 6th cervical vertebra
133
2nd part of vertebral artery location
in foremen transversarium of C6-C1 vertebrae
134
3rd part of vertebral artery location
on the posterior arch of atlas in suboccipital triangle
135
4th part of vertebral artery location
through foramen magnum into the cranial cavity
136
vertebral artery location in respect to C1
winds from lateral to medial around posterior aspect of the lateral mass of C1
137
ponticulus posticus
bony bridge on the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra (C1) that forms a small, posterior foramen where the vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve pass
138
axis characteristics
body, vertebral arch, dens/odontoid process, bifid spinous process, transverse process
139
dens/odontoid process
has an anterior + posterior articular facet, attachements for alar + apical ligaments
140
atlanto-occipital joint location
between superior facet of c1 + condyle of occipital bone
141
atlanto-occipital joint
flexion, extension, + lateral bending
142
cruciate ligament
attaches to tubercles for transverse ligament of c1+ longitudinal bands arise from transverse part (looks like a cross)
143
where is cruciate ligament located
c0-c1
144
lateral atlantoaxial joint
between inferior articular processes of c1 + superior articular processes of c2
145
median atlantoaxial joint
between dens of c2 + anterior arch of c1
146
atlanto-axial joint motion
flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation
147
transverse ligament
transverse part of cruciate ligament (c1-c2)
148
apical ligament
attaches tip of the dens to the base of the occipital bone (c0-c2)
149
alar ligament
attach from the side surface of dens to the occipital bone (c0-c2)
150
anterior atlantodental ligament
runs from anterior arch of atlas to dens of axis
151
anterior atlantodental ligament function
help prevent over-rotation + excess anterior/posterior translation
152
accessory atlantoaxial ligament
runs from c2-c1-c0
153
accessory atlantoaxial ligament function
help prevent over-rotation
154
barkow's ligament
runs in between occipital condyles
155
barkow's ligament function
help prevent over-extension
156
cervical ribs
anomaly where an extra rib attaches to c7
