Exam 1

Question 1

Philosophy

Answer 1

Search for a general understanding of values + reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means. Pursuit of wisdom

Question 2

Metaphysics

Answer 2

Study of fundamental nature of reality + existence and of the essences of things

Question 3

Ontogeny

Answer 3

Study of being

Question 4

Cosmology

Answer 4

Study of the physical universe

Question 5

Epistemology

Answer 5

Study of the nature, basis, + extent of knowledge

Question 6

Logic

Answer 6

Study of the principles + methods of reasoning

Question 7

Ethics

Answer 7

Study of human conduct, character, + values

Question 8

Aesthetics

Answer 8

Study of the creation of+ principles of art + beauty + of thoughts, feelings, + attitudes

Question 9

Conceptual subluxation

Answer 9

Vertebral subluxation is a metaphor concerning what we see as a possible source of interference to the maintenance of homeostasis

Question 10

Operational subluxation

Answer 10

Vertebral subluxation is a phenomenon of things natural

Question 11

Stephenson definition

Answer 11

“A subluxation is the condition of a vertebra that has lost its proper juxtaposition with the one above/below, or both; to the extent less than a luxation; + which impinges nerves and interferes with the transmission of mental impulses

Question 12

What is Stephenson sometimes referred to as

Answer 12

MOPI

Question 13

What does MOPI stand for

Answer 13

Misalignment, occlusion, pressure, interference

Question 14

Homewood definition

Answer 14

“A subluxation in the chiropractic sense is not a partial dislocation, but an alteration of normal anatomical or physiological relationships, or dynamics, of contiguous structures”

Question 15

Vertebral subluxation

Answer 15

Subluxation of any weight bearing spinal articulation that compromises neural integrity + may influence organ system function + general health

Question 16

Most common accepted definition of subluxation

Answer 16

Subluxation is a complex of functional and/or structural and/or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity + may influence organ system function + general health

Question 17

Haldeman definition

Answer 17

“Subluxation is an aberrant relationship between two adjacent articular structures that may have functional or pathological sequelae causing an alteration in the biomechanical and/or physiological reflections of these articular structures, their proximal structures, and/or body systems that may be directly or indirectly affected by them”

Question 18

Patient centered chiropractic paradigm

Answer 18

Recognition + facilitation of the innate organization + adaption of the person

Question 19

Vitalism

Question 20

holism

Answer 20

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 21

naturalism

Answer 21

preference for natural therapies and avoid drugs + surgery

Question 22

humanism

Answer 22

compassionate manner that requires empathy, nonjudgemental acceptance, congruence, + genuineness

Question 23

conservatism

Answer 23

minimal chiropractic intervention will promote active patient participation in healing

Question 24

rationalism

Answer 24

invokes logic + evidence as a basis for clinical reasoning

Question 25

kinesiopathology

Answer 25

abnormal motion or position of spinal bones

Question 26

myopathology

Answer 26

abnormal muscle function

Question 27

histopathology

Answer 27

abnormal soft tissue function

Question 28

neuropathophysiology

Answer 28

abnormal nervous system function

Question 29

pathophysiology

Answer 29

abnormal function of the spine and body

Question 30

the 3 component model

Answer 30

dyskinesia, dysponesis, dysautonomia

Question 31

dyskinesia

Answer 31

distortion/impairment of voluntary movement

Question 32

dysponesis

Answer 32

reversible physiopathologic state consisting of errors in energy expenditure, which are capable of producing functional disorders

Question 33

dysautonomia

Answer 33

abnormal balance between sympathetic/parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Question 34

galen mechanism theory (1958)

Answer 34

restore vertebrae to normal position

Question 35

pare mechanism theory (1958)

Answer 35

straighten the spine

Question 36

still mechanism theory (1899)

Answer 36

restore blood flow

Question 37

palmer mechanism theory (1910)

Answer 37

relieve nerve compression

Question 38

kunert mechanism theory (1965)

Answer 38

relieve irritation of sympathetic chain

Question 39

gillet mechanism theory (1968)

Answer 39

mobilize fixated vertebral segments

Question 40

cyriax mechanism theory (1975)

Answer 40

shift fragment of IVD

Question 41

mennel mechanism theory (1960)

Answer 41

mobilize posterior joints (z-joints)

Question 42

dejarnette mechanism theory (1967)

Answer 42

remove interference w/CSF circulation

Question 43

perl mechanism theory (1975)

Answer 43

stretch contracted muscles

Question 44

homewood mechanism theory (1963)

Answer 44

correct abnormal somatovisceral reflexes

Question 45

korr mechanism theory (1976)

Answer 45

remove "irritable" spinal lesions

Question 46

chrisman mechanism theory (1964)

Answer 46

stretch/tear around nerve roots adhesions

Question 47

farfan mechanism theory (1973)

Answer 47

reduce distortions of the annulae

Question 48

biomechanical subluxation model

Answer 48

vertebral/spinal misalignment. abnormal motion, fixation, hypermobility, compensation reaction. joint dysfunction pogressing to spinal degeneration

Question 49

neurological subluxation model

Answer 49

neurologic compression afecting nerves, roots, and cord

Question 50

trophic subluxation model

Answer 50

axoplasmic flow mechanism. vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency

Question 51

psychogenic concept

Answer 51

how mental/emotional state influences structure

Question 52

somatopsychic concept

Answer 52

how structure influences mental/emotional states

Question 53

intervertebral subluxation model

Answer 53

segmental misalignment

Question 54

grisel syndrome

Answer 54

any C1-C2 subluxation associated with inflammatory ligamentous laxity

Question 55

statics subluxation model

Answer 55

misalignment of the spine

Question 56

what segments are often associated with the statics subluxation model

Answer 56

occ-C1, C3-C4, C7-T1, T6-T8, T12-L1, L3, L5-S1

Question 57

spinal fixation

Answer 57

hypomobility, soft-tissue changes, aberrant neural reflexes, neurologic facilitation

Question 58

periarticular fixation mechanism

Answer 58

intermolecular cross-linking within ligaments due to immobilization w/o trauma

Question 59

kinetics

Answer 59

branch of mechanics that studies the relationship between the forces acting on a body + the changes they produce in the motion of the body