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exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

blood vessel disorder relating to processes occuring in the lumen

A

dvt
pe

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2
Q

essential fatty acids

A

omega 3 and 6
dont naturally produce

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3
Q

cholesterol produced

A

liver

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4
Q

low ldl- suffer from mental and developmental retardation

A

abetaliporoteinemia

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5
Q

severe hypertriglyceridemia- pancreatitis, xerostomia, xeropthalmia

A

lipoprotein lipase deficiency

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6
Q

accumulation in the plasma- pathognumonic tuberous xanthomas

A

dysbetalipooproteinemia

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7
Q

decreased production of HDL, some association premature cardiovascular disease

A

apolipoprotein a1 gene defects

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8
Q

increasd risk for cad, extremely low hdl

A

tangier disease

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9
Q

reduced conversion of cholesterol to cholesterol esters in the plasma- hemolytic anemia, corneal opacities, low hdl

A

lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase LCAT

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10
Q

HDL high levels

A

over 60

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11
Q

HDL low levels

A

over 40

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12
Q

total cholesterol - hdl - (triglycerides/5)… triglycerides must be less than 400

A

LDL lipid pannel equation

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13
Q

with atherosclerotic vasular disease
LDL over 190
DM age 40-75 with ldl of 70-189 without atherosclerotic dz
individuals with dm, ldl 70-180 and 10 year cv risk over 7.5%

A

statin therapy

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14
Q

desireable triglycerides

A

less than 150

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15
Q

borderline triglycerides

A

150-199

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16
Q

high triglycerides

A

over 200

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17
Q

elevated in inflammation
not specific to cvd
useful if borderline cv risk
less than 1- low risk
1-3- intermediate risk
over 3- high risk

A

high sensitivity c-reactive protwin HsCRP

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18
Q

total cholesterol, HDL, age, gender, smoking status, BP

A

the Framingham score
systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE)
the reynolds score- + srp, parental hx, a1c in women
the PROCAM score- HDL, smoking status, age, family hx of CAD, LDL, triglycerides, and presence of diabetes- only for men

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19
Q

metabolic syndrome parameters waistline

A

m- over 40
f- over 35

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20
Q

metabolic syndrome parameters elevated triglycerides

A

over 150

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21
Q

metabolic syndrome parameters reduced hdl cholesterol

A

less than 40 men or 50 women

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22
Q

metabolic syndrome parameters elevated bp

A

over 135/85

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23
Q

metabolic syndrome parameters elevated fasting glucose

A

over 100

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24
Q

correctible causes of hypertensive vascular disease

A

flushing/sweating
renal bruit
age- in children- ccoarctation of aorta, renal parenchymal dz, adults- thyroid function, hyperaldosteronism, stenosis
obesity
renal disease
hypokalemia

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25
test for renal artery stenosis
angiography serum creatinine
26
chronic renal disease test
elevated BUN and creatinine
27
primary hyperaldosteronism test
low serum potassium elevated urinary aldosterone secretion
28
pheochromocytoma test
excess catecholamines
29
vasculitis labs
ANCA
30
test for giant cell arteritis
ESR CRP
31
test for takayasu arteritis
elevated ESR or CRP BUN creatinine urinalysis
32
compression us ct no lab work
dvt
33
ct with contrast no lab work
PE
34
d-dimer indicates
a clot
35
spontaneous MI due to CAD and plaque rupure- stemi vs nstemi
type 1
36
total loss of coronary perfusion
STEMI
37
partial loss of coronary perfusion
NSTEMI
38
MI secondary to ischemic imbalance other than CAD- coronary spasm, arrhythmia, hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, resporatory failure
type 2
39
MI resulting in death when the biomarkers are unavailible
type 3
40
MI type related to percutaneous intervention. MI related to angioplasty stenting, elevation in cTN values
type 4a
41
MI type MI related to stent thrombosis detected by angiography or autopsy
type 4b
42
MI type related to CABG elevation of cardiac biomarker
type 5
43
protein that regulates the interaction of actin and myosin in muscle tissue
troponin
44
troponin has a high degree of cardiac
specificity
45
troponin subunit that binds to tropomyosin
troponin T
46
troponin subunit that is inhibitory
troponin I
47
troponin subunit that binds to calcium
troponin C
48
how long troponin is present for
2-6 days
49
normal troponin levels
troponin I- less than 0.04 troponin T- less than 0.01
50
in acute coronary syndrome we should see
a rise of troponin over time
51
if troponin decreases over time, can indicate an injury
that occured days ago
52
released in a pulsatile fashion from the cardiac ventricles
naturitic paptides
53
brain naturitic peptide-BNP in CHF
over 1000
54
NT-proBNP in CHF
over 1800
55
when BNP is positive, should do what
echo
56
hbg
m- 14.5-17.5 f-12-15.5
57
hct
m-41-53 f-36-46
58
mcv
80-96
59
rdw
11.5-14.5
60
plt
150-400k
61
retic
.5-2
62
labs- iron defficiency anemia
iron- low ferritin- low tibc- high rdw- high rbc- low
63
labs- ACD
iron- low ferritin- high tibc- low rdw-norm rbc-norm
64
labs-beta thalassemia
iron-normal ferritin- high tibc- normal rdw-normal rbc- high
65
first number to lie in acute blood loss
hematocrit
66
4 microcytic anemias
thalassemia iron defic chronic disease sideroblastic/lead
67
mcv very low
beta thalessemia
68
target cells
beta thalessemia
69
ferritin-n/high iron-low tibc-low/norm stft/ferritin ration- less than 1
acd
70
high zinc protoporphyrin
lead poisoning/sideroblastic
71
ferritin-high iron-high tibc-normal rdw-high rbc-low
lead poisoning
72
normocytic causes
early acute blood loss hemolysis early acd bone marrow failure
73
hematocrit lags- plasma volume shifts
acute blood loss
74
RI rises after day 3-4
acute blood loss
75
macrocytic anemia
vit b12 def folate def alcohol/liver disese myelodysplastic syndromes reticulocytosis
76
mcv over 115
b12 deficiency
77
high methyl-malonic acid high homocystine
b12 deficiency
78
peripheral neuropathy
b12 deficiciency
79
posterior column signs
b12 deficiency
80
high but variable mcv
folate deficiency
81
MMA normal homocysteine high
folate deficiency
82
neural tube risk
folate deficiency
83
macrocytosis and other cytopenias
myelodysplastic macrocytosis
84
pseudo-pegler-huet neutrophil
myelodysplastic macrocytosis
85
DAT- direct antiglobulin test positive in
immune -warm AIHA -cold agglutin disease -drug-induced
86
DAT negative in
non-immune -g6pd def -microangiopathic -sickle cell -thalassemia
87
DAT IgG+ splenomegaly spherosites
warm AIHA
88
warm AIHA treatment- spherocyted+ dat+=
steroids-prednisone
89
DAT c3+ IgM mediated acrocyanosis hemaglobinuria in cold
cold agglutinin disease
90
treatment of cold agglutinin disease
keep warm rituximab avoid transfusions in cold room
91
morphology g6pd
heinz body bite cell
92
MAHA morphology
schistocyte
93
SCD morphology
target sickle
94
prolonged PT/aPTT fibrinogen- low d-dimer- high
dic
95
treatment is cryo
dic
96
ADAMTS13- less than 10% plt- less than 30k neuro signs
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
97
plasma exhange is treatment of
TTP
98
shiga-toxin renal failure
hemolytic uremic syndrome
99
treatment is supportive with or without eculizumab
HUS
100
pregnant AST/ALT- high plt- low
HELLP
101
schistocyte high LDH history of prosthetic
mechanical valve
102
treatment is adjust anticoagulant/surgery
mechanical valve
103
LDH- high indirect bilirubin-high haptoglobin- low
lab triad of hemolysis
104
types of erythrocytosis
polycythemia vera secondary relative
105
hgb- over 16.5 or 16 or hct- 49% bonr marow panmyelosis with pleomorphic megakaryocytes JAK2 or exon 12 mutation
polycythemia vera major
106
sub-normal serum EPO
polycythemia vera minor criteria
107
EPO- high (tumor/hypoxia) SaO2- low plasma- N Treatment- fix cause/phlebotomy
secondary erythrocytosis
108
EPO- N SaO2- N plasma- low- dehydration Treatment- rehydrate
relative erythrocytosis
109
assesses extrinsic and common 11-13 sec
PT and INR
110
assessed intrinsic and common 25-35 sec critical- over 70
aPTT
111
thrombocytopenia plt levels
less than 150000

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