Exam 1

Question 1

food web

Answer 1

a visual representation of feeding interactions within an ecological community that shows an array of relationships between organisms at different trophic levels

Question 2

food chain

Answer 2

a linear series of feeding relationships. energy is transferred from lower to higher trophic levels

Question 3

extinction

Answer 3

the disappearance of a species from earth

Question 4

endemic species

Answer 4

a species only exists in a certain area

Question 5

Biosphere

Answer 5

the sum of living things on earth and the areas they inhabit

Question 6

Ecosystem

Answer 6

a functional system consisting of a community,its nonliving environment and the interactions between them

Question 7

community

Answer 7

a set of populations of different species that live in a particular area

Question 8

population

Answer 8

a group of individuals of a species that live in a particular area

Question 9

organism

Answer 9

an individual living thing

Question 10

autotroph

Answer 10

self feeders

Question 11

heterotrophs

Answer 11

consumers

Question 12

producers

Answer 12

create their own food

Question 13

consumers

Answer 13

feed off of other organisms

Question 14

herbivore

Answer 14

the consumption of plants by animals

Question 15

decomposer

Answer 15

break down leaf litter and other nonliving matter into simpler constituents that can be taken up and used by plants

Question 16

detritivores

Answer 16

scavenge the waste products or dead bodies of other community members

Question 17

specialists

Answer 17

species with narrow niches and very specific requirements

Question 18

generalists

Answer 18

species with broad niches that can use a wide array of habitats and resources

Question 19

niches

Answer 19

the functional role of an organism in a community

Question 20

population density

Answer 20

the number of individuals within a population per unit area

Question 21

Natality

Answer 21

births within the population

Question 22

mortalitiy

Answer 22

deaths within the population

Question 23

immigration

Answer 23

arrival of individuals from outside the population

Question 24

emigration

Answer 24

departure of individuals from the population`

Question 25

limiting factors

Answer 25

physical, chemical and biological characteristics that restrain population growth

Question 26

environmental resistance

Answer 26

all limiting factors taken together that stop exponential growth

Question 27

density- dependent factors

Answer 27

limiting factors whose influence is affected by population denisty

Question 28

density - independent factors

Answer 28

limiting factors whose influence is not affected by population density

Question 29

k- selected species

Answer 29

animals with long gestation periods and few offspring (quality not quantity)

Question 30

R- selected species

Answer 30

animals which reproduce quickly

Question 31

Growth Rate

Answer 31

(birth rate + immigration) - (death rate + emmigration)

Question 32

phytoplankton

Answer 32

Protists ( protozoa) produces 1/2 of the oxygen we breath

Question 33

hypoxic

Answer 33

little or no oxygen

Question 34

species

Answer 34

a particular type of organism

Question 35

population

Answer 35

a group of individuals of a particular species that live in a particular area

Question 36

evolution

Answer 36

change in populations over time

Question 37

adaption

Answer 37

a trait that promotes success ( surviving to reproduce) and survival

Question 38

speciation

Answer 38

new species are generated

Question 39

allopatric Speciation

Answer 39

species formation due to the physical separation of populations over some geographic distance

Question 40

Keystone Species

Answer 40

the species is vital to holding the structure(system) together

Question 41

symbiosis

Answer 41

relationship between 2 organisms

Question 42

parasitic realitionship

Answer 42

one is harmed

Question 43

mutalisitic relationship

Answer 43

neither are harmed both benefits

Question 44

commesalistic relationship

Answer 44

host is not harmed, one gets benefits

Question 45

invasive species

Answer 45

were't able to adapt and now are extinct