exam 2

Question 1

renewable energy

Answer 1

Geothermal
ocean 
tides
water
sun
hydrogen

Question 2

benefits of a wind turbine

Answer 2

no emission - releases of gases
produce more energy than consume
profitable

Question 3

offshore wind turbines

Answer 3

wind speed is 20% greater over water than land
less air turbulence
costs = Expensive
located in shallow waters

Question 4

wind turbines

Answer 4

convert kinetic energy to electrical energy

wind –> blades spin –> turns a shaft –> gearbox to speed up blades

Question 5

wind energy

Answer 5

energy from the movement of air

Question 6

disadvantages of wind turbines

Answer 6

unpredictable ( intermittent resource)
visual pollution
hazardous to birds and bats

Question 7

fossil fuels

Answer 7

coal
oil
natural gas

Question 8

passive solar energy

Answer 8

not using technology
simplest way
Ex. remodeling your house to save energy… window placement … dark paint… deciduous trees

Question 9

pv cells ( photovoltaic)

Answer 9

most direct way to produce electricity from sunlight
coverts sunlight to electrical energy
when light reaches pv cells and strikes pair of plates and semiconductor

Question 10

disadvantages of PV cells

Answer 10

clears out trees and buildings to have more sunlight

Question 11

geothermal energy

Answer 11

thermal energy that arises from beneath the earths surface

naturally heated water

Question 12

geothermal power plants

Answer 12

uses energy of natural underground water/stream to GENERATE ELECTRICITY

Question 13

Process of geothermal plants

Answer 13

ground gets hot
steam comes up
steam goes into turbine 
turbine turns on --> generates power
goes to cooling tower
coals/ condenses water
goes to injection well to maintain pressure

Question 14

Ground source heat pump (geothermal) ( GSHP)

Answer 14

pumps heat buildings by transferring heat from the ground into structure
pumps cool buildings by transferring heat from structure to ground
- done by underground plastic pipes that circulates water

Question 15

Benefits of GSHP

Answer 15

efficient
low land use
low carbon dioxide emissions
moderate environment impact

Question 16

disadvantages GSHP

Answer 16

cant control the weather

Question 17

ocean energy

Answer 17

dams built

• tidal energy
• 1.)tidal currents pass through the dam
  2. )water turns turbine
  3. )generates electricity

Question 18

hydrogen

Answer 18

• binds to other things
• stores a good amount of energy
  depending where it is extracted, it an produce Co2 ( greenhouse gas)
  electrolysis: splits hydrogen atoms from oxygen atoms of water molecules

Question 19

Fossil fuels

Answer 19

takes millions of years to make = nonrenewable
- dead plant and animals
oil, coal natural gas

Question 20

Aerobic Decomposition

Answer 20

OXYGEN: not all dead organisims end up as fossil fuels–> aerobic decomposition
using oxygen –> breaks down remains into molecules –> recycled through ecosystem

Question 21

anaerobic environment

Answer 21

no Oxygen
swamps
deep lake bottoms

Question 22

coal:

Answer 22

gives us energy by burning it
most abundant fossil fuel
is created:compressed under high pressure to form hydrocarbons
creating dense solid carbon structures

Question 23

qualities of coal

Answer 23

lignile - most energy content; less compressed
sub bituminous
bituminous
anthracite - less energy; more compressed

Question 24

peat

Answer 24

precursor stage of coal

buried by sediment and squeezed under heat and pressure

Question 25

coal impurities

Answer 25

sulfur mercury arsenic trace metals

Question 26

why we don't want to use coal ?

Answer 26

impurities in coal when buried smog acid rain

Question 27

extraction: subsurface mining

Answer 27

deep underground shafts deep into the ground --> tunnels blasted --> minerals remove the resource--> ship to surface coal is removed and shipped to surface

Question 28

extraction: strip mining

Answer 28

machine or water to remove large amounts of soil to expose and extract soil 1. )mountain top removal 2) surface strip mining

Question 29

how is coal formed

Answer 29

by pressure and heat | - its woody plant material

Question 30

mountain top removal

Answer 30

cut down trees --. erosion --.> soil and sediment to river ->. WATERSHED drill holes in mountain --> add dynamite OVERBURDEN: soil and sediment

Question 31

disadvantages of mountain top removal

Answer 31

``` air pollution, impurities, severe flooding because of removal of trees effects biodiversity POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP; water pollution increases acidic watershed = decrease minerals ```

Question 32

slurry retention pond failure

Answer 32

slurry: chemicals and water - the good coal floats to the top - a slurry is full of heavy metals and arsenic pond: layered with clay and plastic to hold the slurry so it doesn't leak Failure: the retention went into the streams killed all wildlife made impacts 20 miles away

Question 33

what keeps coal clean

Answer 33

scrubbers: calcium and sodium absorbs and revolves sulfur dioxide chemical reaction strips: breaks down nitrogen oxide filtering; catches tiny particles w/o filtering= smog= bad

Question 34

atoms

Answer 34

protons, neutrons, electron

Question 35

atom + atom

Answer 35

molecule

Question 36

crude oil

Answer 36

found below surface varying types of hydrocarbons made of: different carbon chain lengths

Question 37

primary extraction

Answer 37

how we tap oil - natural pressures used to extract oil

Question 38

secondary extraction

Answer 38

how we tap oil - pump water to increase pressure --> oil comes out

Question 39

tertiary extraction

Answer 39

inject steam and carbon dioxide increasing pressure uses solvents

Question 40

deep water horizon

Answer 40

bubble of methrone gas exploded Gulf of Mexico had a lot of bacteria BP gas incident

Question 41

refining oil

Answer 41

breaking down crude oil: made of allot of things

Question 42

distillation

Answer 42

refining oil: boil crude oil | different components of crude oil boil at different temperatures

Question 43

cracking

Answer 43

refining oil: heavy chains go into cracking unit to breakdown chain

Question 44

oil shale

Answer 44

sedimentary rock filled with kerogen can be mined or subsurface mined burned like coal or baked to extract petroleum

Question 45

oil sands

Answer 45

require strip mining, steam and solvent because its so thick crude oil deposits that have degraded by water erosion and material decomposition - to thick to use regular extraction - inject steam and solvents

Question 46

fracking

Answer 46

purpose; to get natural gas we pull up the natural gas so we can have natural gas - dig a small well into the shale - insert a sleeve with conxcrete - fill pockets to split rocks releases natural gas the natural gas comes up the pipe to be used

Question 47

uranium

Answer 47

most common nuclear energy U-238 found in nature u - 235 found in what we use

Question 48

enrichment

Answer 48

change U-235 to U-238

Question 49

US oil

Answer 49

imports - from 60-65 countries 40% Canada 22% mexico 12%

Question 50

isotopes

Answer 50

different number of neutrons but same electrons and protons