Exam 1

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The shared understandings (beliefs), values, practices (customs, rituals, traditions) and symbols (cultural artifacts) of a group of people.

Question 2

Values - Characteristics

Answer 2

• Few
• More global and abstract than beliefs
• Widely accepted
• Value conflicts

Question 3

Characteristics of Culture

Answer 3

• Specific to a group of people
• Individuals socialized into culture(s)
• Can belong to many different cultures (subcultures)
• Within cultural group-shared beliefs, behaviors, etc.
• Culture changes

Question 4

Mediated Pop Culture

Answer 4

A culture that develops from/for the people that is distributed through mass media to the people and that conveys meaning through signs(symbols) and cultural artifacts.

Question 5

Characteristics of Pop Culture

Answer 5

1. Origin
2. Motivation
3. Diffusion
4. Shelf-life

Question 6

2 dominant models of communication

Answer 6

1. Transmission Model

2. Cultural Model

Question 7

transmission model

Answer 7

source—–> message—–> receiver

Question 8

transmission model

Answer 8

Harold Lasswell (1948) and Paul Hodkinson (2011)

Question 9

cultural model

Answer 9

Relationship Between

1. Processes of social communication
2. Production of a common culture

Question 10

cultural model

Answer 10

Culture as communication is the process of producing new shared meaning out of the interaction of historically given shared meanings and individually created meanings.

Question 11

cultural model

Answer 11

rituals social construction of reality = new shared meanings

Question 12

2 Theoretical Approaches

Answer 12

• Social Psychological Perspective

- Critical/Cultural Studies

Question 13

2 Theoretical Perspectives

Answer 13

• Media-as-Shaper

- Media-as-Mirror

Question 14

Ongoing process

Answer 14

media representations influence society and reflect society

Question 15

Story

Answer 15

• Has a beginning, middle, and end
• Conflict
• Events-causal connection

Question 16

Conflict

Answer 16

• Not necessarily negative
• Driving force of the story
• Balance and equilibrium disrupted
• Mission

Question 17

Characters

Answer 17

• Each has a role to play; serve a function

- Protagonist-leading character

Question 18

Message

Answer 18

• Central message of story

- Ideological or moral statement that works as the central theme throughout the story

Question 19

Formulaic Premise

Answer 19

• the initial circumstance, situation, in which characters find themselves
• Tells the audience what it can expect when it comes upon the story

Question 20

Formulaic Structure

Answer 20

• Reaffirms the worldview (ideology) of the story

- Most common structure (order/chaos/order)

Question 21

Formulaic Plot

Answer 21

• A planned series of events in a narrative, progressing through a struggle of opposing forces to a climax and a conclusion
• conflict is central to most plots; artificially built into plots

Question 22

Formulaic subplot

Answer 22

secondary stories that are frequently interwoven into narratives

Question 23

Plot Conventions

Answer 23

recurrent incidents that appear within the narrative

Question 24

5 Media Trends-Business of Pop Culture

Answer 24

1. Media fragmentation
2. Concentration of Ownership
3. Mass Media Conglomerates
4. Cross-media ownership
5. Globalization

Question 25

Political Economy Perspective

Answer 25

Structure of Business Profit oriented business model/mind-set Effect on content

Question 26

Stages from creation to consupmtion

Answer 26

- production - distribution - marketing & promotion - exhibition

Question 27

Vertical Integration

Answer 27

Company owns production, distribution, and exhibition processes

Question 28

Horizontal Integration

Answer 28

Company owns companies within tv, movies, music, books, magazines, radio

Question 29

Advantages of vertical and horizontal integration

Answer 29

- cost effective - enables company to control whole process - cross promotional marketing

Question 30

Disadvantages

Answer 30

- people with certain views of the world are the only ones producing products - loss of quality - difficult for independent artists - lack of competition drives prices up

Question 31

Commodification

Answer 31

the process whereby a product, a person, etc. is transformed into an object that is available for sale for a profit

Question 32

Robert McChesney-Age of Hyper-commercialism

Answer 32

Media more concerned about pleasing advertisers (increasing ratings to attract advertisers) than about producing good quality TV shows or informative news

Question 33

Branded Entertainment

Answer 33

Embedding one's brand or brand icons as part of any entertainment property in an effort to connect with consumers in a compelling way

Question 34

Trends

Answer 34

-Advertising, branding and entertainment are converging at an accelerating rate

Question 35

Why is this convergence happening?

Answer 35

- Audience fragmentation | - Ad-avoidance hardware

Question 36

Solution

Answer 36

- Place brands wherever consumers are located | - Branded Entertainment and product placement

Question 37

Product Placement

Answer 37

embedded advertising placed visually

Question 38

Product integration

Answer 38

embedded advertising which characters talk about the specific product

Question 39

Characteristics of embedded advertising

Answer 39

- media consumption - paid - credibility - agencies

Question 40

Intended Effects of PP

Answer 40

- Brand awareness - brand familiarity and liking - brand recall - create realism ( increased authenticity of the content) - indirect product endorsement/perceived popularity - revenue stream for production

Question 41

Unintended Effects of PP

Answer 41

- story content may be compromised - blurring of selling and entertainment - controversial products (tobacco, alcohol, guns, etc.) circumvent advertising restrictions and bans - Lack of disclosure - Manipulation?