EXAM 1 & 2

Question 1

The planning director of a small city is worried about gentrification in a historically diverse neighborhood where property values are rising quickly, displacing many of the long-term residents. Which of the following would be the least effective method of addressing gentrification?

a.
Conduct a social impact assessment.

b.
Take a comprehensive approach to mitigation.

c.
Encourage equitable development.

d.
Distribute parks more evenly throughout the city

Answer 1

While the equitable distribution of parks is important, it is a better method for addressing the effects of environmental racism than the effects of gentrification. Taking a comprehensive approach to mitigation by conducting a social impact assessment and encouraging equitable development are best suited to addressing gentrification in the neighborhood.

The correct answer is: Distribute parks more evenly throughout the city

Question 2

Which Supreme Court Case found that a regulation is a taking if it can be shown that it deprives a property of all economic viability and fails to advance a legitimate governmental interest?
Select one:

a.
First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles

b.
Agins v. City of Tiburon

c.
Munn v. Illinois

d.
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon

Answer 2

In Agins v. City of Tiburon (1980), the Supreme Court held that the test for determining whether a zoning ordinance will be considered a taking is the “substantially advances” a legitimate state interest test. This test has since been overruled by the Lingle v. Chevron (2005) case finding that the “substantially advances” test would no longer be used to determine regulatory takings, reverting to the precedent of Penn Central v. New York City (1978) of a “reasonable return” on investment.

The correct answer is: Agins v. City of Tiburon

Question 3

Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit Concept proposes an ideal neighborhood that creates walkability and access. Which of the following best describes the size of the neighborhood unit?
Select one:

a.
10,000 - 15,000 residents

b.
5,000 - 9,000 residents

c.
15,000 - 20,000 residents

d.
2,500 - 5,000 residents

Answer 3

Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit concept identifies 5,000-9,000 residents with a density of ten units per acre, a school at the center, and buildings around the edges for shopping.

The correct answer is: 5,000 - 9,000 residents

Question 4

The city of Plannersville has recently completed the city’s comprehensive plan. What is the typical planning time period the comprehensive plan is likely to cover?
Select one:

a.
ten years

b.
five years

c.
20 years

d.
50 years

Answer 4

Twenty years is the typical time period for a comprehensive plan to cover. The plan is to be long range in nature (covering more than five years), however not so long that immense change is likely to occur.

The correct answer is: 20 years

Question 5

Which of the following problems would most likely be addressed by a state planner?
Select one:

a.
Expanding an airport

b.
Zoning regulations for recreational vehicles

c.
Siting a new industrial park

d.
Economic development incentives

Answer 5

State planners can be involved in economic development incentives for bringing major employers to the state. State planners would not be involved in zoning regulations, and the siting of an industrial park and expansion of an airport are typically the jurisdiction of local governments.

The correct answer is: Economic development incentives

Question 6

___________ is the discharge of pollutants into the environment in an untreated, partially treated, or completely treated state.
Select one:

a.
Stormwater

b.
Emission

c.
Pollution

d.
Effluent

Answer 6

Effluent is the discharge of pollutants into the environment in an untreated, partially treated, or completely treated state.

The correct answer is: Effluent (usually discharged into a water body)
Emission (Usually discharged into air)

Question 7

What is the name of a fund established to manage the revenues and expenditures of a minor-league baseball park?
Select one:

a.
General fund

b.
Bond fund

c.
Enterprise fund

d.
Capital improvement fund

Answer 7

The correct answer is enterprise fund. An enterprise fund is an account that manages the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a minor league baseball park, parking garage, or zoo.

The correct answer is: Enterprise fund

Question 8

A request for a rezoning has been submitted to allow for a medical waste disposal facility in a low-income neighborhood in the community. You are aware this will be a controversial rezoning. Which of the following would be the best course of action?
Select one:

a.
Host a neighborhood meeting allowing community members to learn about the project in advance of a public hearing

b.
Ask the police to attend the public hearing to ensure all participants behave in a civil manner

c.
Tell the property owner that there will likely be angry residents and that they should go out into the community and talk to neighborhood leaders

d.
Prepare a presentation for the public hearing that clearly explains the pros and cons of the zoning application.

Answer 8

For a complicated and controversial zoning case it can be wise to hold community meetings in advance of any public hearing to allow the community to learn about the proposed project. This meeting would include both the property owner or developer as well as neighborhood residents. While Answers B and C are also reasonable, A offers the best approach.

The correct answer is: Host a neighborhood meeting allowing community members to learn about the project in advance of a public hearing

Question 9

Which of the following is not a foundational environmental justice policy measure?

a.
pursuing private-public partnerships (PPPs)

b.
collaborative hyperlocal problem-solving

c.
pro-bono planning solutions

d.
deferring to local, indigenous planning knowledge

Answer 9

While private-public partnerships can be part of justice-oriented planning, PPPs are not inherently beneficial to underserved communities experiencing environmental justice issues. The four recommended environmental justice policies are as follows: encourage triple bottom-line outcomes; give deference to local knowledge; encourage collaborative problem-solving; organize and support pro-bono planning efforts.

The correct answer is:
pursuing private-public partnerships (PPPs)

Question 10

Recently you had an issue arise at a planning commission meeting where you believe a commissioner engaged in an activity that was not ethical. What would be the most appropriate course of action?

Select one:

a.
Privately call the planning commissioner to discuss the matter.

b.
Have a frank and open discussion around the ethical issue in a closed door session with the commissioners. And follow this with training on ethics.

c.
Ask the planning commissioner to step off of the planning commission.

d.
None of these are appropriate.

Answer 10

Fostering an ethical environment means that there is open dialogue and active training. While a private call with the planning commissioner could be appropriate, this does not raise awareness among the other commissioners, nor does it ensure that everyone has the training they need.

The correct answer is: Have a frank and open discussion around the ethical issue in a closed door session with the commissioners. And follow this with training on ethics.

Question 11

At the end of your women’s social club meeting, a member approaches you with concerns about the proposed expansion of the regional mall, which her neighborhood group wants to stop. You listen to the woman’s concerns, but you are aware that her neighborhood was built after the mall was in place. Initially, what should you do to respond to her concerns?

Select one:

a.
Ask the woman to call your office the following Monday morning and you will provide her with the developer’s contact information, as well as the contact information for the economic development director. Both of these people should be able to provide the woman with more information on the proposed project.

b.
Suggest that she and other members of the organization attend the next City Council meeting to voice concerns.

c.
Explain that your job is simply to review the site plan to ensure that the expansion meets all of the city’s requirements. Given that you believe the developer will meet these requirements, tell her that there is no way to stop the project.

d.
Thank her for her comments and tell her there will likely be a public hearing on the project in several months. Encourage her and other members of the neighborhood organization to attend the meeting.

Answer 11

Providing public information on a case is appropriate.
The correct answer is: Ask the woman to call your office the following Monday morning and you will provide her with the developer’s contact information, as well as the contact information for the economic development director. Both of these people should be able to provide the woman with more information on the proposed project.

Question 12

As an AICP planner, you are passionate about social justice issues. You learn that the city is planning to recommend against the rezoning of a property for affordable housing. You know that if you share this information with a colleague at a non-profit housing advocacy organization then this colleague will rally and organize a letter writing campaign to the city council and plan to appear at the planning commission meeting. What should you do?
Select one:

a.
Inform the colleague that the city is considering a case.

b.
Inform the colleague of the recommendation in the case.

c.
Do not contact the colleague.

d.
Inform your supervisor that you think it is inappropriate to recommend against affordable housing.

Answer 12

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not use to our personal advantage, nor that of a subsequent client or employer, information gained in a professional relationship that the client or employer has requested be held inviolate or that we should recognize as confidential because its disclosure could result in embarrassment or other detriment to the client or employer.” It would be inappropriate to share the recommendation as it is not yet public information. In this case, you do not have information on why the city might recommend against affordable housing, so D may not be the best option. It would be okay to let interested parties know that there is a matter before the city which may be of interest.

The correct answer is: Inform the colleague that the city is considering a case.

Question 13

As a planner that works for a federal agency, you have been elected to your city council. In your role with the federal agency, you know that the Environmental Protection Agency will be seeking to undertake an enforcement action against the city. During an executive session of the City Council, you advise the city council members and city attorney about options to quickly intervene to avoid an enforcement action. Does this raise an ethical concern?
Select one:

a.
No, you are free to share information between organizations

b.
No, you are sharing information that can later become public

c.
Yes, you should wait for the enforcement action to be issued before advising the city on how to best fight the action

d.
Yes, you may not use the power of any office to seek or obtain a special advantage

Answer 13

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not use the power of any office to seek or obtain a special advantage that is not a matter of public knowledge or is not in the public interest.” In this case you are seeking a special advantage for the city.

The correct answer is: Yes, you may not use the power of any office to seek or obtain a special advantage

Question 14

As a planner for the state of Wyoming, you have been appointed to work with a legislative task force looking into land use regulation in the state. In preparing for the first meeting of the task force, you want to bring forward relevant research and materials that could aid the task force. Which of the following documents produced by the APA would be most appropriate to provide?
Select one:

a.
The New Urbanism Handbook

b.
The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook

c.
The Revised Standard State Zoning Enabling Legislation

d.
The Smart Growth Guide

Answer 14

The correct answer is The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook. This 2002 document by Stuart Meck, FAICP provides state and local governments with tools for better growth.

The correct answer is: The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook

Question 15

According to Aristotle, who is considered the pioneer of urban planning because of his plan for a city of 50,000 that addressed administrative structure, social structure, and land subdivision?
Select one:

a.
Thales of Miletus

b.
Pythagoras

c.
Xenophanes of Ionia

d.
Hippodamus of Miletus

Answer 15

Hippodamus of Miletus was an ancient Greek urban planner who created grid plans for cities during the 5th century BC. His plans focused on creating order that both physically and socially ordered the city.

The correct answer is: Hippodamus of Miletus

Question 16

Which of the following is the least important element of a historic preservation program?
Select one:

a.
Zoning regulations

b.
Design guidelines for historic building renovations

c.
Tax incentives to encourage renovation

d.
Educational materials for historic building owners

Answer 16

Of these choices, zoning regulations are the least important in a historic preservation program.

The correct answer is: Zoning regulations

Question 17

As a planner working for the city of Belleville, you have been put in charge of updating the city’s comprehensive plan. At one of the public meetings about the plan update, the issue of homelessness is brought up and several concerned citizens voice the opinion that the comprehensive plan should tackle the problem. You explain that:

I. The subject of homelessness is typically outside the scope of local comprehensive plans, but can be addressed through other policy documents
II. While the comprehensive plan is not the place to address homelessness, there is a mayor-appointed task force that is looking into the issue
III. It would be appropriate to include the subject of homelessness in the local comprehensive plan
IV. The comprehensive plan touches on the issue of homelessness, but only as it relates to the number of housing units and their affordability
Select one:

a.
II and IV

b.
I and IV

c.
III only

d.
I only

Answer 17

Local planners should encourage the specific subject of homelessness in local comprehensive plans. Planners can use the Housing Element of the Comprehensive Plan to determine housing needs and develop effective strategies to address housing issues, including homelessness. Planners should work to ensure that local comprehensive plans provide for a diverse choice of housing opportunities, including supportive housing in levels consistent with need.

The correct answer is: III only

Question 18

Which of these is NOT required for impact evaluation of community engagement?

a.
Random assignment of participants

b.
Use of a control group

c.
Use of an intervention group

d.
Creation of a visual map

Answer 18

The creation of a visual map is a part of ripple effect mapping (REM) which asks participants to create a visual map of direct or indirect impacts of community engagement over time. Impact evaluation, in seeking a causal explanation for community change, requires more precise measurement using the random assignment of participants and the use of intervention and control groups.

The correct answer is:
Creation of a visual map

Question 19

You work for a large city with 100 people on your staff, split across code enforcement, development, long-range planning, environmental compliance, and neighborhood relations. You have been asked to reorganize the department, which approach would be most appropriate?
Select one:

a.
Matrix

b.
Hybrid

c.
Horizontal

d.
Vertical

Answer 19

A vertical organization works best where there are large and functionally complex organizations. In this case, there could be divisions based on function with a chain of command leading from the divisions to the director.

The correct answer is: Vertical

Question 20

You have been hired to reorganize the development functions of the city and have been asked to create a new department. To guide these efforts, which of the following would be most helpful?
Select one:

a.
Strategic Plan

b.
Performance Management Plan

c.
Capital Plan

d.
Visioning Plan

Answer 20

A strategic plan sets priorities to strengthen the operations of an organization and would be most appropriate in guiding a reorganization of functions. A performance management plan would guide the performance of individual staff members. A capital plan guides infrastructure investment, and visioning sets the broader vision for the community.

The correct answer is: Strategic Plan

Question 21

Which planned community built in 1923 foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement?
Select one:

a.
Radburn, New Jersey

b.
Austin, Texas

c.
Mariemont, Ohio

d.
Seattle, Washington

Answer 21

Mariemont is a planned community in Hamilton County, Ohio, founded in the 1920s by Mary Emery.

The correct answer is: Mariemont, Ohio

Radburn New Jersey was built in 1929

Question 22

This Appalachian Regional Commission covers 420 counties and eight cities. This is an example of which of the following spatial areas of practice?
Select one:

a.
Regional

b.
National

c.
Multi-State

d.
State

Answer 22

This multi-state commission covers West Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. This is a planning, research, advocacy, and funding organization.

The correct answer is: Multi-State

Question 23

Which level of government would be most likely to plan for a sustainable multimodal freight system?
Select one:

a.
Local

b.
Neighborhood

c.
Regional

d.
State

Answer 23

Multimodal freight planning typically happens at a national and state level, focusing on supporting adequate, convenient and safe access for goods movement. According to the APA Surface Transportation Policy Guide, freight planning should seek to facilitate good movement while addressing potential negative impacts.

The correct answer is: State

Question 24

As part of the neighborhood planning process, you are working to develop the goals for the neighborhood plan. What activity should come first?

Select one:

a.
Engage the public

b.
Define the problems

c.
Present the necessary information

d.
Identify goals

Answer 24

You would conduct the activities in this order: I. Engage the public II. Define the problems III. Present the necessary information IV. Identify goals

The correct answer is: Engage the public

Question 25

In the county you work for as a planner, the Library Director wants to make sure that a new library will meet the needs of neighborhood residents. This is the first step in what will be a year-long planning process. The Library Director wants to begin by understanding library usage patterns among neighborhood residents. Which of the following public participation tools would be the most appropriate? Select one: a. Conduct a neighborhood survey b. Use the Delphi method c. Host a neighborhood meeting d. Host a public hearing

Answer 25

A neighborhood survey would be effective for engaging a significant number of neighborhood residents to determine how they use the library what they need from a new neighborhood library. A neighborhood meeting would certainly be useful, but a neighborhood survey would likely elicit responses from more people than a one-time neighborhood meeting. The correct answer is: Conduct a neighborhood survey

Question 26

The City Manager has approached you to assist the Library Department in the creation of a new library master plan. The master plan calls for the construction of one new library in the next five years to meet demand based on growth in the southwest quadrant of the city. Which of the following should you consider in determining the appropriate size of a new library? I. The size of the property II. The projected population of the service area at the time of build-out III. The inventory of materials to be available for use by library patrons IV. Traffic circulation patterns in and around the site Select one: a. I only b. I and II only c. I, II, and III only d. I, II, III, and IV only

Answer 26

The correct answer is I, II, and III only. Traffic circulation would not be a factor in determining the size of the library. Circulation would be considered in determining the siting of the library. The correct answer is: I, II, and III only

Question 27

Which was a key concept of the 1916 New York City Zoning Ordinance? Select one: a. The city's water supply would be protected b. Established setback requirements c. Established height requirements d. Uses allowed in zoning districts were "cumulative"

Answer 27

The correct answer is that the ordinance established setbacks at specific heights, but did not establish height limitations. The correct answer is: Established setback requirements

Question 28

The benefits of a participatory approach include: i. Promoting buy-in for the evaluation ii. Empowering participants to build evaluation capacity within the community iii. Collecting key data around community engagement iv. Creating space to obtain input from all participants a. All of these are correct. b. I and IV c. I, II, and IV d. II and III

Answer 28

While collecting data is an important method of evaluating the participatory approach, it is not a benefit of the participatory approach overall. The correct answer is: I, II, and IV

Question 29

The 1909 Plan of Chicago was revolutionary in planning history for many reasons. Which of the following reasons is not associated with the plan's significance? I. The plan was implemented, maintained, and expanded upon for 50 years. II. The plan was initiated and paid for by private business owners III. The plan addressed areas outside the central city. IV. Citizens of the city were educated about the plan. Select one: a. I only b. II and III only c. III and IV only d. I, II, III and IV

Answer 29

The plan was not fully implemented, and later plans replaced the Plan for Chicago. The correct answer is: I only

Question 30

Planning for equity is best defined as… a. working toward just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper, and reach their full potential. b. focusing on maintenance of diverse communities and community needs rather than development goals. c. donating time to communities who have historically experienced disproportionate negative impacts of planning practice. d. aiming to redistribute wealth and resources across community boundaries.

Question 31

The idea of "Plural Planning" is associated with which planning theory? Select one: a. Communicative b. Mixed Scanning c. Advocacy d. Incrementalism

Answer 31

The idea of Plural Planning is associated with advocacy planning theory. The correct answer is: Advocacy

Question 32

A poll was conducted to determine what percentage of the registered voters favored that the current mayor of a large city run for a second term. The results: 52% of registered voters polled were in favor of the second term, with a margin or error of 0.04. What does this mean? Select one: a. With 95% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor's run for a second term. b. With 96% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is equal to the true percentage favoring the mayor's run for a second term. c. The estimated percentage of 52% is sure to be within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor's run for a second term. d. There is only a 4% chance that 52% of the registered voters do not favor the mayor running for a second term.

Answer 32

The margin of error is a statistic about the amount of random sampling error in a survey. The larger the margin of error, the less confident one can be that the poll reported results are close to the truth for the whole population. The margin of error is reported as a confidence interval radius and this is converted to percentage points, in this case 4%. A 95% confidence interval is a standard statistical rule-of-thumb that comes from the assumption of a normal distribution. For a normal distribution, 95% of the values are around the true mean +/- 2 standard deviations. For the survey, the result of 52% is seen as an estimate of the true mean. But using the concept of a “confidence interval” we can give a value to how likely it is that the true mean is within +/- 2 standard deviations from the estimated mean. The margin of error of 0.04 corresponds to two standard deviations (not specified in the test question, but typically assumed). So, the answer is, we can be 95% confident that the true percentage is between 48% and 56%, i.e., within 4% from the estimate. The 96% (as 100-4) is actually irrelevant in this context (there to throw you off), since there is no relation between 96% and the standard deviations. The correct answer is: With 95% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor's run for a second term.

Question 33

he population of Plannersville is increasing at a rate of 12% per year. Calculate the amount of time it will take for this population to double? Select one: a. 5 years b. 6 years c. 10 years d. 3 years

Answer 33

The formula is as follows, with y(t) as the population at time t, and y(0) as the starting population: y(t) = y(0) e^rt (that is the number e or ~ 2.718 to the power of the growth rate - as a fraction - and the number of years) Since the population at time t is double the initial population, y(t) = 2 y(0). A little algebra yields: 2 y(0) = y(0) e^rt, or 2 = e^rt, We know r (0.12) and need to find t. By taking the natural logarithm on both sides of the equal sign, we get ln(2) = rt, so that t = ln(2) / r ln(2) = 0.693, thus t = 0.693 / 0.12 = 5.775 ~ 6 There is also a so-called rule of 70 (an approximation), which gives the doubling time as the ratio of 70 and the percentage growth rate (as a percentage, not a fraction): rule of 70: divide 70 by the percentage growth rate 70/12 = 5.8 ~ 6 The correct answer is: 6 years

Question 34

Which of the following is most likely NOT considered a quasi-judicial process? Select one: a. Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance b. Consideration of a conditional use permit c. Consideration of a variance request d. Amendment of the Master Plan

Answer 34

The best answer is: Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance, as it is clearly a legislative action by the governing board; the others are usually quasi-judicial functions, with the caveat that a master plan amendment can be considered legislative in some states. The correct answer is: Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance

Question 35

The local religious community has united to support refugees relocating from Sudan to the region. This has resulted in a small but significant new minority population arriving into the community. As the planning department, what responsibility do you have to be responsive to the needs of these new community members. Select one: a. Provide notices of public meetings in multiple languages b. Meet with local community leaders to understand the needs of the population c. Begin learning basic Arabic to allow you to introduce yourself to the community d. Bring a translator to public meetings

Answer 35

The best way to understand how the planning department can support this new group in the community is to reach out to community leaders to understand their needs. The correct answer is: Meet with local community leaders to understand the needs of the population

Question 36

General Motors has announced that it will be closing a plant in your town, laying off 600 workers. The mayor is in a panic and wants to know what this will mean to the local economy. You have been asked to calculate an employment multiplier to estimate the total job loss for your community. Which of the following sources would you use? Select one: a. Location quotient b. North American Industry Classification System c. Shift-share analysis d. Regional input-output modeling system

Answer 36

The Regional input-output modeling system provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis provides employment multipliers based on the North American Industrial Classification System which can be used to calculate a location quotient. A shift-share analysis provides information on the region’s share of employment in an industry compared to the national share, which is not what the Mayor is looking for. The correct answer is: Regional input-output modeling system

Question 37

You are preparing a parks and recreation plan for your city, which is completely built out and has a finite amount of park land. You are currently conducting a needs assessment. Based on the park land constraints, which of the following approaches would be best? Select one: a. Resource Approach b. Activity Approach c. Economic Approach d. Behavioral Approach

Answer 37

A resource approach would be best. A needs assessment is a process for determining needs, between current conditions and desired conditions. In the case of parks, a resource approach might be best in documenting the park land resources available and comparing this to appropriate benchmarks and national standards. The correct answer is: Resource Approach

Question 38

Which of the following are true concerning Right to Farm laws? I. They exist in all 50 states II. Their intent is to make farming more viable III. They exist for the purpose of protecting property values IV. Their aim is to preserve farmland from encroachment by suburban development Select one: a. I and II only b. II and IV only c. III and IV only d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 38

All 50 states have some form of Right to Farm law, which attempts to preserve agricultural practices and make farming more viable. Right to Farm laws deny nuisance lawsuits against farmers, even if their agricultural practices harm or bother adjacent property owners. Such nuisances may include noise, odors, and visual clutter. The laws aim to minimize the threat to normal farming practices, in contrast to typical farmland preservation policies, which aim to preserve farmland itself. The correct answer is: I and II only

Question 39

Which of the following was true of Saul Alinsky? Select one: a. Involved in gay rights in San Francisco b. Involved in redevelopment in New York City c. A community organizer in Chicago d. Involved in equity planning in Cleveland

Answer 39

Saul Alinsky was a community organizer in Chicago. The correct answer is: A community organizer in Chicago

Question 40

Which of the following elements is NOT a common part of determining a proposal for a site plan? Select one: a. Prepare a financial pro forma or forecast of the eventual financial balance sheet of the project. b. Discuss relevant precedents with the client(s). c. Deciding on specific materials to use in construction. d. Conducting a market analysis to determine current demand for specific types of spaces.

Answer 40

Materials for construction are not included at the site planning stage. The correct answer is: Deciding on specific materials to use in construction. (Here you are working like an architect rather than a city planner)

Question 41

What is NOT a goal of site plan review? Select one: a. Provision of adequate parking and loading facilities b. Improving the aesthetics of the proposed project c. Preservation of on-site natural features d. Increasing the value of the property

Answer 41

Site plan review is not associated with property values. Instead it is focused on the provision of infrastructure, preservation of onsite natural features, etc. The correct answer is: Increasing the value of the property

Question 42

As the planner for a former industrial city, you have watched the population decline over the last 30 years. The Mayor has asked for a plan that will embrace the population decline rather than be concerned with trying to grow the city. You have envisioned the city as one with more green space, reduced infrastructure, and revitalization of underutilized sites. What phrase best describes the city’s plan? Select one: a. Planned shrinkage b. Triage c. Smart Decline d. Rehabilitation

Answer 42

The simple phrase "Smart Decline" best describes the city's plan. Smart decline is a strategy that can be used in shrinking cities to plan for decline. The correct answer is: Smart Decline

Question 43

A group of university students is interested in demonstrating how an abandoned commercial corridor can be turned around. Which would be the best way to illustrate a design concept creating excitement around potential permanent changes? Select one: a. Facade Improvement Program b. Economic Incentive Program c. Design Charette d. Tactical Urbanism

Answer 43

Tactical urbanism represents an activist approach to engaging the community in the possibilities of transforming a space. Tactical urbanism focuses on making an immediate impact in a community. The correct answer is: Tactical Urbanism

Question 44

You are the consultant writing the city’s SmartCode. You are preparing a presentation to the planning commission describing the new code for recommended adoption. Which of the following is best to include: Select one: a. A description of the connection between natural and human habitat b. An explanation of Smart Growth, on which the Smart Code is based c. A description of the continuum of transect zones from rural to urban d. The historical evolution of the concepts of transects

Answer 44

The Smart Code is not based on “Smart Growth” except in a very conceptual way. In the SmartCode, there are six transect zones plus one special district. There are many adaptations of the basic SmartCode template, and locally calibrated codes can have more than six zones. The correct answer is: A description of the continuum of transect zones from rural to urban

Question 45

Urban design is best described as including which of the following: Select one: a. Transportation focused b. Aesthetics of buildings c. Access d. District focus

Answer 45

Urban design typically works at a district level. While aesthetics are part of urban design, the district focus is the most accurate. The correct answer is: District focus

Question 46

You have calculated a measure of dispersion around the mean. This was calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. This is the: Select one: a. Mean b. Distribution c. Standard Deviation d. Variance

Answer 46

The variance is a numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary. The correct answer is: Variance

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT true about vested rights? Select one: a. There is a vested right once a substantial financial investment has been made in the property. b. A nonconforming lot can be developed if the zoning changes after the creation of the lot. c. Once a building permit has been issued, there is a right to continue with the project regardless of changes in regulation. d. There is a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification.

Answer 47

This question is asking which is NOT true. There is not a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification. The correct answer is: There is a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification.

Question 48

The city of Austin is considering creating an urban rail system. The City Council is considering putting forward a bond election in November. The City Council wants to get a read on the community to determine whether the public would support a bond initiative. Which of the following techniques would be most effective in getting a read on how the public might vote? Select one: a. Telephone Survey b. Advisory Plebiscite c. Beneficiary Assessment d. Interviews

Answer 48

A Plebiscite is a direct vote on an issue. The correct answer is: Advisory Plebiscite

Question 49

The city's Department of Development includes a mix of administrative and unionized professionals. The union is dissatisfied with the implementation of the current contract and has filed complaints arguing that the city is not upholding the requirements of the contract. The contract has moved into __________ hearings to come to a resolution. Select one: a. Mediation b. Negotiation c. Consensus d. Arbitration

Answer 49

Arbitration is a form of dispute resolution. In arbitration, an independent third party makes a judicial determination of a dispute. Arbitration is commonly used in union contract disputes. The correct answer is: Arbitration

Question 50

Which type of tax is based on the assessed value of a property? Select one: a. Transfer tax b. Personal property tax c. Property tax d. Sales tax

Answer 50

A property tax is based on the assessed value of real property, including land and improvements. The correct answer is: Property tax

Question 51

Which of the following is a responsibility of the Board of Zoning Adjustments? Select one: a. Reviewing variance requests b. Reviewing rezoning requests c. Reviewing final plats d. All of the above

Answer 51

The Board of Zoning Adjustments is responsible for quasi-judicial actions, such as variances. Rezonings and plats are reviewed by the planning commission. The correct answer is: Reviewing variance requests

Question 52

Which of the following statements about community benefits agreements (CBAs) are not accurate? a. Agreements cannot promise local hiring quotas. b. Agreements can be private contracts or contracts enforced by local governments. c. Agreements might not be enforceable if the coalitions who signed them dissolve after signing. d. Agreements must be related to one specific development project.

Answer 52

Several CBAs have used local hiring as one of the enumerated benefits agreed upon by developers and community groups, notably including one of the first CBAs, an agreement between Staples Center developers and Los Angeles residents. The correct answer is: Agreements cannot promise local hiring quotas.

Question 53

Which kind of map would work best to represent the percentage of residents below the poverty line in each Census tract? a. Choropleth map b. Parcel map c. Heat map d. Dot density map

Answer 53

Choropleth maps are the best way to link statistical data to discrete geographic areas using different colors or shades of the same color. The correct answer is: Choropleth map

Question 54

What does the smallest time frame possible to use a cohort survival method to project the population depend on: Select one: a. The age interval of survival rates b. The census years c. The median age of the population d. The birth rate of the population

Answer 54

Five years is the smallest time frame using a cohort survival method of population analysis. The Cohort Survival Projection Method is a method for forecasting future population based upon the survival of the existing population and the births that will occur. This method can be applied for any period of time, but it typically it involves five-year increments. It would give the population five years ahead, or when applied twice, it would give the population ten years ahead. For five-year projections, the base year population must be given by five-year age groups. The correct answer is: The age interval of survival rates

Question 55

Which of the following would likely not be included as an element of a comprehensive plan? Select one: a. Demographics b. All of these would be included in a comprehensive plan c. Implementation Schedule d. Revised zoning ordinance

Answer 55

All states either allow or require local governments to prepare comprehensive plans. However, there is no consensus about what, precisely, constitutes a comprehensive plan. A zoning ordinance is something that implements a comprehensive plan as opposed to being part of it. Demographics would likely be part of an existing conditions section of the plan. An Implementation Schedule is also a common feature of the comprehensive plan. In California, the “elements” of a comprehensive plan have a more specific meaning, but this question does not indicate that it pertains to California. The correct answer is: Revised zoning ordinance

Question 56

You have decided to use a software package called STELLA for water resources modeling in a river basin. In a memo to your director, you discuss the use of STELLA as an example of: Select one: a. Computer-Aided Negotiation b. Participatory Technology Assessment c. Plebiscite d. Groupware

Answer 56

Computer-Aided Negotiation allows for models to be quickly developed and allows participants to search for alternatives that can best meet the needs of interested parties. The correct answer is: Computer-Aided Negotiation

Question 57

Two variables, studying for the AICP Exam and Amount of Free Time, were examined to determine if there is a correlation. The analysis resulted in a correlation value of -0.85. What does this mean? Select one: a. There is a high correlation between studying for the AICP Exam and the amount of free time people have. b. There is almost no correlation between studying for the AICP exam and having free time. c. People with a lot of free time are not studying for the exam. d. People with no free time are studying for the exam.

Answer 57

Correlation is about the strength of a “linear” relationship. It is very similar (but not identical) to the slope of a regression between the two variables. So, a “strong” correlation would be a value close to either +1 or -1, a “weak” correlation would be a value close to 0. Strictly speaking, one would need standard errors to state whether the correlation is significant or not, but with a value of -0.85 that is likely to be significant (this is something the question should have specified). The “negative” correlation implies an inverse relationship between studying and having free time, which makes sense: if you don't study, you have a lot of free time; if you study a lot, you don't have free time. Hence the correct answer is a. Note that “strong correlation” does not mean positive correlation (i.e., more studying means more free time), just that it is significantly different from “no correlation” (whether you study or not does not affect your free time). The correct answer is: There is a high correlation between studying for the AICP Exam and the amount of free time people have.

Question 58

Each summer, the city sees a sharp increase in graffiti, vandalism, and garage break-ins. To combat these problems, the city decides to invest in recreational programming. The goal over the long-run is that "summer crime," committed by children who are not in school, will decrease. Which cost analysis technique was used by the city? Select one: a. Fiscal Impact b. Cost-effectiveness analysis c. Shift-share d. Economic base

Answer 58

An analysis done to find the most cost-effective alternative plans. In this case, a cost could be calculated based on the expected reduction in crime (and therefore police time). The correct answer is: Cost-effectiveness analysis

Question 59

What term best describes the idea of strengthening communities with arts at the core? Select one: a. Creative Placemaking b. Creative Class Investment c. Artistic Urbanism d. Neighborhood Arts Initiatives

Answer 59

Creative placemaking integrates arts, culture, and design activities into efforts that strengthen communities. The correct answer is: Creative Placemaking

Question 60

The process used to arrive at a group opinion or decision by surveying a panel of experts is called… the fishbowl method citizen control crowdsourcing the Delphi method

Answer 60

The Delphi method is defined as a forecasting process framework based on the results of multiple rounds of questionnaires sent to a panel of experts. The fishbowl method is a method of arranging small group conversations. Citizen control is a rung of Arnstein’s ladder in which participants or residents can govern a program or an institution independently. Crowdsourcing occurs when planners seek information on a project by recruiting the services of a large number of people. The correct answer is: the Delphi method

Question 61

The Mayor has asked you to serve as the Chair of a citizens committee on sustainability in the community. You have been charged with researching electricity use in buildings. You report: Select one: a. About 75 percent of the electricity used in the country goes toward heating, cooling, and lighting buildings. b. The construction of buildings requires 25 percent of the energy used each year in the United States. c. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified buildings consume 10 percent less energy than conventional construction. d. More energy is wasted from lights being left on in homes than in offices.

Answer 61

According to the 2008 APA Policy Guide on Planning and Climate Change, 75% of the electricity used in the country goes towards heating, cooling, and lighting buildings. The correct answer is: About 75 percent of the electricity used in the country goes toward heating, cooling, and lighting buildings.

Question 62

A federal agency considering an action that might have significant environmental effects must prepare which of the following? Select one: a. Environmental scoping b. An environmental assessment c. An environmental indicator d. An environmental impact statement

Answer 62

An environmental assessment is a concise public document that a Federal agency prepares under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to provide sufficient evidence and analysis to determine whether a proposed agency action would require preparation of an environmental impact statement (EIS) or a finding of no significant impact. The correct answer is: An environmental assessment

Question 63

Which statement offers the best characterization of "environmental racism"? Select one: a. Great strides have been made in recent decades to overcome environmental racism b. An example of environmental racism is the location of polluting industries near African-American neighborhoods c. Blocking asylum seekers at the U.S. border is an example of environmental racism d. Environmental racism is about racial segregation in suburban locations

Answer 63

Environmental justice is about many different issues, including redressing environmental racism: the fact that race influences the location of hazardous waste, highways, and noxious land uses. The correct answer is: An example of environmental racism is the location of polluting industries near African-American neighborhoods

Question 64

Jeff resigned his position as the City Planner for Plannersville two years ago to take a position with a local developer. Jeff is now responsible for presenting a case before the Planning Commission to rezone a property from single family to commercial for a shopping mall. While Jeff was a city planner, he worked hard to prevent regional shopping in this area of the city. Is Jeff acting ethically by presenting this case to the commission? Select one: a. No, because he is in violation of the AICP Code of Ethics. b. Yes, because it is up to the Planning Commission to grant the rezoning. c. Yes, because he no longer works for the city. d. No, because he is in violation of the APA Code of Ethics.

Answer 64

We shall not accept an assignment from a client or employer to publicly advocate a position on a planning issue that is indistinguishably adverse to a position we publicly advocated for a previous client or employer within the past three years, unless, (1) we determine in good faith after consultation with other qualified professionals that our change of position will not cause present detriment to our previous client or employer, and (2) we make a full written disclosure of the conflict to our current client or employer and receive written permission to proceed with the assignment. The correct answer is: No, because he is in violation of the AICP Code of Ethics.

Question 65

You are part of a team that created an amazing waterfront plan. You prepare the submission for consideration for a national award. The lead planner on the project has since moved on to another organization. Given this person left the agency, you list yourself as the lead planner and key contact for the award nomination. Does this raise any ethical concerns? Select one: a. No. The award will recognize the agency and the agency did the work. b. Yes. This appears that you are taking credit for others work c. No. If you win you can mention that others were involved in the project who are not present at the awards ceremony. d. Yes. The award should go to the lead planner on the project.

Answer 65

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not use the product of others' efforts to seek professional recognition or acclaim intended for producers of original work.” In this case, the planner could list themselves as the point of contact but also include the lead planner on the nomination, indicate their present affiliation, and also verify that they were formerly with the planning agency. The correct answer is: Yes. This appears that you are taking credit for others work

Question 66

In addition to your position as a planner with the regional planning commission, you conduct part-time consulting work for market research companies preparing demographic analyses. Overnight, you had emailed a file to the market research company. Unfortunately, you get a call at work letting you know that they did not receive the email and that they must have it by noon to prepare for a meeting with a client that afternoon. The good news is that you have the file on a USB in your bag. What should you do? Select one: a. Go ahead and print the analysis and suggest that the market research company can pick it up at your office. b. Take 15 minutes from your workday and post the file online to Kinko’s and have it delivered to the market research company. c. Speak with your supervisor and request 30 minutes of unpaid leave to take a USB with the file to the market research company. d. Take 15 minutes from your workday and use the commission’s software to zip the file and send it through your work email to the market research company.

Answer 66

You should speak with your supervisor and request 30 minutes of unpaid leave to take a USB with the file to the market research company. The AICP Code of Ethics states "We shall not, as salaried employees, undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay, without having made full written disclosure to the employer who furnishes our salary and having received subsequent written permission to undertake additional employment, unless our employer has a written policy which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent." While one could presume that you previously got consent for the work it would normally take place outside of work hours. In this case, because you would need to leave during work hours, you should consult with your supervisor and take leave. The correct answer is: Speak with your supervisor and request 30 minutes of unpaid leave to take a USB with the file to the market research company.

Question 67

A Planning Director is a strong environmentalist and wants to prevent big box stores with large parking lots in environmentally sensitive areas. The recently elected City Council and many citizens are pro-retail development. At a public hearing, the Panning Director decides to focus her presentation on the economic benefits of big box retail rather than the environmental consequences, given the political climate. The director's decision: Select one: a. Represents a conflict of interest b. Represents a violation of the freedom of information c. Represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to his employer d. Represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to protect the environment

Answer 67

It represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to protect the environment. The AICP Code of Ethics requires the planner to work to protect the environment, as stated: "We shall promote excellence of design and endeavor to conserve and preserve the integrity and heritage of the natural and built environment." The correct answer is: Represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to protect the environment

Question 68

Gentrification occurs when… i. development occurs in areas inhabited by marginalized groups ii. the negative impacts of development are not priced in their entirety iii. development is approached without an equity lens/span> a. I, II, and III b. II and III c. I and II d. I and III

Answer 68

Although many people assume any development in a predominantly low-income or non-white area constitutes gentrification, development approached through an equity lens that fairly prices social externalities (and especially development that utilizes the knowledge and leadership of local residents) can avoid the pitfalls of gentrification. The correct answer is: II and III

Question 69

In the 19th century, Paris was crowded and unhealthy, filled with medieval-era neighborhoods. Emperor Napoleon III directed that Paris be rebuilt. Under the direction of ____________ the rebuilding of Paris included demolition of neighborhood, annexation of suburbs, and construction of new infrastructure, parks, and squares. Select one: a. Charles-Edourard Jeanneret-Gris (Le Corbusier) b. Ange-Jacques Gabriel c. Charles Garnier d. Georges-Eugene Haussmann

Answer 69

Haussmann was responsible for the recreation of Paris into what it looks like today. His efforts to recreate the city were met with fierce resistance, which ultimately resulted in his firing. Corbusier is a 20th century French architect. Gabriel designed the Palace of Versailles in the 18th century. Garnier, a 19th century architect, designed the casino of Monte Carlo and the Paris Opera House. The correct answer is: Georges-Eugene Haussmann

Question 70

The value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year (gross domestic product) plus income that residents have received from abroad, minus income claimed by non-residents Select one: a. Gross development product b. Gross export product c. Gross domestic product d. Gross national product

Answer 70

Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of all the products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country. Unlike gross domestic product (GDP), which defines production based on the geographical location of production, GNP allocates production based on location of ownership. The correct answer is: Gross national product GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period of time. GNP, on the other hand, is the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country's residents, regardless of where the production takes place.

Question 71

You are a planning consultant helping a local government come up with strategies to reduce homelessness. One of your tasks is to consider possible conflicts between the Fair Housing Act and local regulations. What regulation would you be least likely to consider? Select one: a. Zoning restrictions on the number of unrelated individuals who can occupy a residence b. Subdivision standards that restrict access by protected classes c. Zoning restrictions on supportive services that can be provided within a residence d. Municipal restrictions banning homeless people from occupying train stations

Answer 71

Zoning and subdivision regulations can contain measures that conflict with federal protections under the Fair Housing Act. Among the most common problems are ordinances restricting the number of unrelated individuals who may occupy a residence, standards for development that unduly restrict access by protected classes, and restrictions on supportive services provided within a residential unit. Banning people from train stations is unrelated to the Fair Housing Act. The correct answer is: Municipal restrictions banning homeless people from occupying train stations

Question 72

The hardware side of ICT involves broadband, sensors, and mobile devices, while the software/application side involves: Select one: a. Big data and GIS b. Big data c. Smart grids, smart transportation, big data, GIS d. Smart grids and smart transportation

Answer 72

These are all examples of the software/application side of ICT (information and communication technology). Smart grids (such as energy grids) and smart transportation networks are applications of ICT in which data from sensors and other sources are used to provide cost efficiencies and a more resilient infrastructure. GIS is a software application for analyzing spatial data. “Big data” is a term for large and complex datasets, which might be used in GIS, smart grids, or smart transportation. The correct answer is: Smart grids, smart transportation, big data, GIS

Question 73

What could be described as the “holy grail” of effective planning agency management? Select one: a. Having the best possible team b. Clear organizational structure c. Sufficient funding d. Strong leadership

Answer 73

Arguably, the most important task for a planning manager is to build and maintain the best team possible. Great organizations and agencies have strong and visionary leaders, but they also have very strong employees. The key to success is hiring the right people, and then “valuing, training, empowering, feeding, and protecting those people.” According to the PAS Report “Local Planning Agency Management,” there are many factors that might limit a manager’s ability to develop the right team, “but building that team should always be the holy grail.” The correct answer is: Having the best possible team

Question 74

One of the county commissioners where you are a planner is concerned about the visual appearance of manufactured homes, and wants all manufactured housing to be located in manufactured home parks. As part of your staff report, you provide the following statistic: Select one: a. 42% of manufactured housing is occupied by residents under the age of 40 b. 37% of new manufactured homes are located in manufactured housing communities. c. 33% of all new housing in the United States is manufactured d. 50% of households living below the poverty line live in manufactured housing

Answer 74

According to the Manufactured Housing Institute, 63% of new manufactured homes are placed on private property and 37% are placed in manufactured home communities. View the 2020 Manufactured Housing Facts PDF here: https://www.manufacturedhousing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-MHI-Quick-Facts-updated-05-2020.pdf The correct answer is: 37% of new manufactured homes are located in manufactured housing communities.

Question 75

You are preparing the city’s comprehensive plan. You have accurate population projections and you are trying to determine the housing mix that will be needed to support the population. You have analyzed the Census trends and have noticed an interesting trend. Nationally marriage rates have: Select one: a. Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 51 percent in 2010 b. Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 65 percent in 2010 c. Increased from 55 percent in 1960 to 72 percent in 2010 d. Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 34 percent in 2010

Answer 75

Just over half of adults age 18 and older were married in 2010, compared with 72% in 1960. It is significant to note that only 20% of 18-29 year olds were married in 2010, versus 59% in 1960. The correct answer is: Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 51 percent in 2010

Question 76

Which of the following best describes oversampling in research? a. Over-representing certain historically underrepresented populations in data collection in the hopes of achieving representative results. b. Accounting for high non-response rates with oversized public outreach. c. Accounting for unusable data with a larger than necessary population size. d. Adding a series of additional survey questions to a survey in the hope that respondents will respond to a higher number but similar proportion of questions.

Answer 76

Oversampling in data analysis adjusts the class distribution of a data set (the ratio between the different classes/categories represented) so that groups who are not usually represented proportionally in research have an opportunity to be represented properly. The correct answer is: Over-representing certain historically underrepresented populations in data collection in the hopes of achieving representative results.

Question 77

Which is the best description of the “planner-as-person” idea? a. Planners should act with personal authenticity and carefully reflect on their positionality. b. Planners should enter planning situations from a position of neutrality. c. Planners should ignore personal views and place themselves in the mind of a stakeholder. d. Planners should impose their personal views as often as possible.

Answer 77

In his book Reflective Planning, Richard Wilson endorses the idea of “planner-as-person,” defining it as a practice of reflexivity and careful self-knowledge. Neutrality, imposition, and self-ignorance are all antithetical to this planning ideal. The correct answer is: Planners should act with personal authenticity and carefully reflect on their positionality.

Question 78

You are designing a survey to distribute at the beginning of an informational meeting about your city’s new climate master plan. You are debating whether to use open or close-ended survey questions. Which of the following is not a benefit of using closed-ended questions? a. easily summarized data b. limited primacy effect c. increased response specificity d. typically higher response rates

Answer 78

Primacy effect describes the tendency to choose earlier answers in a list of elaborated options. When provided with a list of responses in a closed-ended survey question, respondents are more likely to choose earlier options, potentially creating a disconnect between respondents’ true beliefs and their chosen answers. The correct answer is: limited primacy effect

Question 79

There is significant concern in the community over a redevelopment plan. A community meeting will be held to discuss the matter. You know that a vocal member of the community will be there to oppose the plan. What is the first thing you should do at the meeting? Select one: a. Limit the time each community member has to speak b. Write down the person’s concerns on a flip chart during the meeting c. Go around the room and have everyone introduce themselves to make all feel welcome d. Start a conversation with the person during the welcoming time

Answer 79

All of these are appropriate actions to take to effectively manage the meeting—but the first action should be to start a conversation before the meeting formally begins to allow the person to get their frustration out privately. Limiting time allows for everyone to have an equal voice in participating. Writing down concerns demonstrates that the person is being heard. The correct answer is: Start a conversation with the person during the welcoming time

Question 80

Planners are required by the AICP Code of Ethics to: I. Work toward social justice and provide choice and opportunity for everyone. II. Promote racial and economic integration. III. Acknowledge their special responsibility to those who have been historically disadvantaged. a. I and II b. I only c. II only d. All of these are correct.

Answer 80

All of these are part of the requirement that planners represent all communities, particularly those that are least empowered. This is part of the Core Values that are embedded in the AICP Code of Ethics. The correct answer is: All of these are correct.

Question 81

Which of the following represents the best open-ended sample survey question? a. What are your biggest worries in the realms of local environmental and social justice policy? b. How would you describe your relationship to biogeochemical problems menacing our planetary health? c. Why do you value the environment of your local community? d. Which additional environmental improvements would you like to see?

Answer 81

Open-ended questions should ask for specific recommendations to specific questions or scenarios. Questions that address two problems, questions that ask for people to describe difficult to communicate values and morals, and questions with unnecessarily complicated phrasings are not appropriate for surveys. The correct answer is: Which additional environmental improvements would you like to see?

Question 82

What information is needed to conduct a shift-share analysis? Select one: a. Employment by sector b. Total employment for the community and industry employment for the nation c. Industry employment for the region and industry employment for the nation d. None of these options provide sufficient information for shift-share analysis

Answer 82

A shift-share analysis determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national and regional economic and industry factors. The analysis helps identify industries where a regional economy has competitive advantages over the larger economy. To conduct a shift-share analysis, one must know the industry employment for the region and the nation. The correct answer is: Industry employment for the region and industry employment for the nation

Question 83

A shift-share analysis determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national and regional economic and industry factors. The analysis helps identify industries where a regional economy has competitive advantages over the larger economy. To conduct a shift-share analysis, one must know the industry employment for the region and the nation. The correct answer is: Industry employment for the region and industry employment for the nation

Answer 83

Maximum lot coverage regulations set limits on the amount of land that may be covered by impervious surface and can be helpful in stormwater management. Floodplain regulations only apply to properties in the floodplain and require buildings to be elevated. The correct answer is: Maximum lot coverage regulations

Question 84

Which of the following is not a step in the subdivision process? Select one: a. City Council approves the rezoning b. Registering the subdivision c. The developer surveys the land d. Conducting a boundary survey

Answer 84

The correct answer is that the City Council approves the rezoning. A rezoning is not associated with the subdivision of land. The correct answer is: City Council approves the rezoning

Question 85

Which of the following is not a step in the subdivision process? Select one: a. City Council approves the rezoning b. Registering the subdivision c. The developer surveys the land d. Conducting a boundary survey

Answer 85

The correct answer is that the City Council approves the rezoning. A rezoning is not associated with the subdivision of land. The correct answer is: City Council approves the rezoning

Question 86

The required principles of sustainability according to the APA’s Sustaining Places initiative are: I. Harmony with Nature II. Healthy Community III. Interwoven Equity IV. Resilient Biosphere

Answer 86

While a resilient biosphere is certainly important, it is not a required principle according to the APA’s Sustaining Places initiative. Instead, harmony with nature, healthy community, and interwoven equity are all required to build healthy and prosperous communities. The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Question 87

Which of the following is/are element(s) of T.J. Kent's components of an effective master plan as noted in The Urban General Plan? I. Long-range and general II. Comprehensive and adopted at one time with all elements integrated III. Focused on the physical development implications of socio-economic policies IV. Identified as the City Council's plan Select one: a. I only b. I and II c. I, II, and III d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 87

T.J. Kent defines the comprehensive plan as a community’s official statement of policies regarding desirable future physical development; the plan should be comprehensive in scope, general in nature, and long-range in perspective. The correct answer is: I, II, III, and IV

Question 88

Telephone surveys provide quick data collection, but have which of the following limitations? Select one: a. Can have interviewer bias b. Are statistically invalid c. High cost d. Low response rate

Answer 88

The best answer is that the interviewer can have a bias. Bias can be introduced whenever the surveyor needs to interpret responses. It is not possible to see the respondent’s facial expressions, so the surveyor might interpret certain responses in unintended ways. Telephone surveys are more expensive than mail surveys and online surveys, but they are not considered “prohibitively expensive.” Response rates have been declining, but the sample will be statistically valid if set up correctly. The correct answer is: Can have interviewer bias

Question 89

You are organizing a regional research summit to bring together professionals in the region with researchers at the university. You are organizing a panel that will focus on basic research and how it can be taken into practice. This is known as: Select one: a. Applied research b. Community-engaged research c. Translational research d. Basic research

Answer 89

Translational research aims to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. It is practiced in a wide variety, of fields such as environmental science and the health, behavioral, and social sciences. The correct answer is: Translational research

Question 90

You are the Director of Community and Economic Development for a large city. At a recent City Council meeting, you were directed to develop a response to a report issued by the regional MPO about trends in transportation in the region. Most of the report is focused on the impact cars are having on existing roads and the need for more freeways. The report indicates that the best way to reduce traffic congestion is to build more freeways and HOV lanes. You recognize that traffic is a hot button issue in your community, but you think the answer to traffic congestion is much more complicated than what is presented in the report. You have recently read reports that contradict the argument that building more roads solves traffic problems. In your report to the council, which of the following recommendations should you make? Select one: a. Recommend that key staff and councilmembers meet with the MPO to discuss the recommendations in the report and discuss how the MPO's findings could be incorporated into long-range transportation planning in the city. b. Advise the City Council to reject the report since its recommendations are based on flawed reasoning. c. Ask the transportation division of your department to conduct a detailed transportation study and compare this to the findings in the report. d. Recommend that the report as submitted be adopted by the City Council, with the stipulation that you will meet with the MPO to express your concerns.

Answer 90

MPOs and regional planning organizations are sometimes accused of prioritizing highway-building at the expense of transit, investment in transportation demand management, or other options. Your best course of action is to promote direct communication and try to emphasize the importance of integrating MPO objectives with the city's long range transportation planning objectives, which are likely to include transit and other alternatives. The correct answer is: Recommend that key staff and councilmembers meet with the MPO to discuss the recommendations in the report and discuss how the MPO's findings could be incorporated into long-range transportation planning in the city.

Question 91

A policy measure that provides environmental, economic, and social benefits is called… a. internalized b. a triple-bottom line solution c. value-adjusted d. stewardship

Answer 91

The triple bottom line is a business and planning concept that argues firms should not focus on profit alone (the “bottom line”) but should also value environmental and social externalities and benefits. It is also referred to by the “three Ps”: profit, people, and planet. The correct answer is: a triple-bottom line solution

Question 92

How did federal housing policies in the 1940s and ’50s undermine the ability of African American families to build wealth? I. The first civilian public housing program frequently demolished integrated neighborhoods to create segregated public housing II. Federal programs failed to preserve historic neighborhoods III. The development of the suburbs was federally subsidized on a condition that they be only sold to white families IV. Suburban homes often had deeds that prohibited resale to African Americans a. I, III, and IV b. All of these are correct. c. II, III, and IV d. I only

Answer 92

It was not that federal programs failed to preserve historic neighborhoods that undermined the ability of African Americans to own homes and grow their wealth. Instead, the failure to pass the Fair Housing Act until 1968 in combination with civilian public housing programs, along with the development of racially exclusive suburbs, that undermined the ability of African Americans to own homes and grow their wealth. The correct answer is: I, III, and IV

Question 93

Which of the following was an important outcome of Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Company? I. Upheld zoning II. Found that zoning is a valid use of police power III. Euclid's zoning ordinance became a standard used by many other communities Select one: a. I only b. I and II c. II and III d. I, II, and III

Answer 93

The Euclid case found that zoning is a valid use of police power. That said, the ordinance was not very good (hence, the legal challenge), so other cities chose to write different ordinances. The correct answer is: I and II

Question 94

The Wagner-Steagall Act (Housing Act of 1937) was the first act to link public housing with slum clearance. What rule in the act continued segregation practices in the new housing? Select one: a. Consistent distribution rule b. Status quo rule c. Golden Rule d. Neighborhood composition rule

Answer 94

The Wagner-Steagall Act of 1937 created a two-tiered policy of providing mortgage insurance to promote home ownership for the middle class, while creating public housing for the poor. The neighborhood composition rule created a class and race segregation. This means that public housing in white neighborhoods was reserved for white families The correct answer is: Neighborhood composition rule

Question 95

Walmart has recently announced plans to enter your metropolitan area opening five new supercenters. The City Council is concerned about the impact a new supercenter would have on the existing retailers in the community. What would be an appropriate policy response? Select one: a. Require a design review for new retailers b. Enforce impact fees for retail development c. Limit the maximum size of a retail store d. All of these are correct

Answer 95

All of the other options would affect all retail, not just big-box retailers. Additionally, a major retailer would be able to afford to pay the impact fees or go through design review, where this might make it difficult for smaller retailers to build in your city. The correct answer is: Limit the maximum size of a retail store

Question 96

Which of the following is true about where young adults between the ages of 25 and 34 live? Select one: a. More people in this age range live in central cities than in the suburbs b. They are living closer to city centers (within 10 miles) than previous generations c. Their growth in inner ring suburbs has recently plummeted d. Since 2010, many more are living outside of metro areas

Answer 96

Adults between 25 and 34 are living closer to city centers (within 10 miles) than previous generations, and young adults living outside metro areas in the U.S. plummeted in the 2010s. This age group is also living near city centers at a higher rate since 2010 than in the previous decade. Much of the growth is happening in urban areas just outside of downtown. However, in absolute terms, more people in this age range live in the suburbs, though growth has leveled off. The correct answer is: They are living closer to city centers (within 10 miles) than previous generations