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INTRO TO CHEM > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

non significant zeros must take the place of all digits that are ____________

A

“dropped” to the left of the inferred decimal point

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2
Q

in ____ and ______ the number of significant digits must be equal to the least number of significant digits in the problem

A

multiplication; division

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3
Q

in ____ and ______ the answer must be as precise as the least precise measurement

A

addition; subtraction

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4
Q

the rule of multiplication and division is based on _________

A

significant figures

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5
Q

the rule of addition and subtraction is based on _________

A

uncertainties

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6
Q

a numerical system in which numbers are expressed in the form “a x 10^n” where a is a single nonzero digit to the left of a decimal point and n is a whole number

A

scientific notation

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7
Q

a single exponential value of the number 10

A

order of magnitude

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8
Q

the type of error that affects precision

A

random error

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9
Q

the type of error that affects accuracy

A

systematic error

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10
Q

a particular choice of metric units that was adopted in 1960 as a standard for making metric system measurements

A

SI system of units

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11
Q

10^9

A

giga (G)

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12
Q

10^-6

A

micro (µ)

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13
Q

deci (d)

A

10^-1

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14
Q

mega (M)

A

10^6

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15
Q

10^-9

A

nano (n)

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16
Q

hecto (h)

A

10^2

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17
Q

10^3

A

kilo (k)

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18
Q

10^-2

A

centi (c)

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19
Q

milli (m)

A

10^-3

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20
Q

10^12

A

tera (T)

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21
Q

pico (p)

A

10^-12

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22
Q

deca (da)

A

10^1

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23
Q

SI system base unit of length

A

meter

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24
Q

SI system base unit of mass

A

kilogram

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25
the pull of gravity on the mass of an object
weight
26
weight is _______
not constant
27
the quantity of matter in a subject
mass
28
mass is _____
constant
29
a measure of the extent of a surface
area
30
area's exponential value
squared
31
a measure of the amount of space occupied by an object
volume
32
volume's exponential value
cubed
33
a volume equal to that of a cube whose sides are 1 dm or 10 cm in length
liter
34
a ratio that specifies how one unit of measurement is related to another unit of measurement
conversion factor
35
1 mile = how many km?
1.61
36
1 inch = how many cm?
2.54
37
1 lb = how many gram?
454
38
1 kg = how many lb?
2.2
39
0°c = how many °f?
32
40
what is the formula for converting °c to °f?
f = 1.8c + 32
41
what is the formula for converting °f to °c?
c = f - 32 / 1.8
42
what is the formula for obtaining kelvin?
k = °c + 273
43
the ratio of the mass of an object to the volume occupied by that object
density
44
compares a measured value with its accepting value
percent error
45
energy that matter possesses because of particle motion
kinetic energy
46
stored energy that matter possesses as a result of its position, condition, and/or composition
potential energy
47
kinetic energy may be considered a _____ _____ within the chemical system, making the particles independent of each other
disruptive force
48
base unit for energy in the metric system
joule (J)
49
1 calorie = how many joules?
4.184
50
1 kcal = how many kJ?
4.184
51
amount of heat energy needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of a substance in a specific physical state by 1 degree celsius
specific heat
52
specific heat x mass x temp. change
formula for heat energy change
53
Cal is the same as ____
kcal
54
the ability to do work
energy
55
mass per unit volume
density
56
formula for finding density
mass / volume
57
formula for finding density (liquid)
grams / ml
58
formula for finding mass
volume x density
59
density of water
100 g / ml
60
formula for finding volume
mass / density
61
error caused by uncontrollable variables in an experiment
random error
62
zeros to the left of a nonzero number (leading zeros) are __________
not significant
63
an indicator of how close a series of measurements on the same object are to eachother
precision
64
constant error associated with an experimental system itself
systematic error
65
digits in any measurement that are known with certainty (and one digit that is uncertain)
significant figures
66
any nonzero number is ______
significant
67
an indicator of how close a measurement comes to a true or accepted value
accuracy
68
zeros in-between two non zero numbers are _____
significant
69
when you conduct an experiment, you are only allowed to estimate ____ number
one
70
zeros to the right of a non zero number are significant only when ______
there is a decimal point
71
all numbers are considered to be significant in ______
exact numbers
72
affects accuracy
systematic error
73
a number that has a value with a degree of uncertainty in it
inexact number
74
two of the most common origins for uncertainty in measurement are _______ and _______.
human error; instrument error
75
the determination of the dimensions, capacity, quantity, or the extent of something
measurement
76
if there is a decimal point, the zeros to the right of it are
significant
77
mathematical operations should not _____ or ____ the uncertainty of experimental measurements
increase; decrease
78
the process of deleting unwanted digits from a calculated number
rounding off numbers
79
if the first digit to be dropped is less than 5, ___________________
that digit and all that follow are to be dropped
80
if the first digit to be dropped is more than 5, an odd-even rule applies, drop the 5 and any zeros that follow and then ________
if odd= increase the last retained digit by one unit if even= leave the last retained digit the same

INTRO TO CHEM (6 decks)

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