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INTRO TO CHEM > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anything that has a mass and occupies a space

A

matter

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2
Q

physical state characterized by a definite shape and a definite volume

A

solid

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3
Q

physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and a definite volume

A

liquid

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4
Q

physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume

A

gas

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5
Q

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances using ordinary chemical means such as chemical reaction, an electric current, heat, or a beam of light

A

element

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6
Q

a pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances using chemical means

A

compound

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7
Q

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance

A

physical property

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8
Q

a characteristic of a substance that describes the way substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance

A

chemical property

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9
Q

a physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own identity

A

mixture

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10
Q

a property that is independent of the amount of substance present

A

intensive property

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11
Q

a property that depends on the amount of substance present

A

extensive property

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12
Q

a process in which a substance changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition

A

physical change

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13
Q

a process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition

A

chemical change

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14
Q

a process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change

A

chemical reaction

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15
Q

a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter using physical means

A

pure substance

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16
Q

a mixture that contains two or more visually distinguishable phases (parts), each of which has different properties

A

heterogeneous mixture

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17
Q

a mixture that contains only one visually distinguishable phase (part), which has uniform properties throughout

A

homogeneous mixture

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18
Q

a one or two letter designation for an element derived from the elements name

A

chemical symbol

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19
Q

Cu

A

copper

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20
Q

Fe

A

iron

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21
Q

Pb

A

lead

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22
Q

Au

A

gold

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23
Q

Sb

A

antimony

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24
Q

Hg

A

mercury

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25
K
potassium
26
Ag
silver
27
Na
sodium
28
Sn
tin
29
W
tungsten
30
the smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of an element
atom
31
a set of five statements that summarizes modern day scientific thought of atoms
atomic theory of matter
32
a group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together
molecule
33
a molecule that contains two atoms
diatomic molecule
34
a molecule that contains three atoms
triatomic molecule
35
the process of recovering the solid by removing liquids through heating
evaporation
36
separation of homogeneous mixtures includes ____ and _____
evaporation and distillation
37
separation of heterogenous mixtures includes _____ and _____
decantation and filteration
38
separation of undissolved solid from liquid
filteration
39
a molecule in which all atoms present are the same kind
homoatomic molecule
40
a molecule in which two or more different kinds of atoms are present
heteroatomic molecule
41
limit of physical subdivision
molecule
42
limit of chemical subdivision
atom
43
a notation made up of the chemical symbols of the elements present in a compound and numerical subscripts that indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a structural unit of a compound
chemical formula
44
a very small particle that is a building block for atoms
subatomic particle
45
a subatomic particle that possesses a negative electrical charge (-)
electron
46
a subatomic particle that possesses a positive electrical charge (+)
proton
47
a subatomic particle that is neutral, has no charge
neutron
48
the small, dense, positively charged center of an atom; it contains an atom's protons and neutrons
nucleus
49
any subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
nucleon
50
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
atomic number
51
a pure substance in which all atoms present have the same atomic number; all atoms have same number of protons
element
52
the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
mass number
53
atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons
isotopes
54
the percent of atoms in a natural sample of a pure element that are a particular isotope of the element
percent abundance
55
atoms that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers
isobars
56
the relative mass of an average atom of an element on a scale using the (12/6c) atom as the reference
atomic mass
57
states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number; elements with similar chemical behavior occur at periodic intervals
periodic law
58
a tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical behavior are grouped in vertical columns
periodic table
59
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
period
60
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
group
61
a general name for any element in group IA of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen
alkali metal
62
a general name for any element in group IIA of the periodic table
alkaline earth metal
63
a general name for any element in the group VIIIA of the periodic table
noble gas
64
a property that can have only certain values, that is, not all values are allowed
quantized property
65
a mixture of two solids
alloy
66
a region of space about a nucleus that contains electrons that have approximately the same energy and that spend most of their time approximately the same distance from the nucleus
electron shell
67
a region of space within an electron shell that contains electrons that have the same energy
electron subshell
68
a region of space within an electron subshell where an electron within the specific energy is most likely to be found
electron orbital
69
a property of an electron associated with the concept that an electron is spinning on its own axis
electron spin
70
a statement of how many electrons an atom has in each of its subshells
electron configuration
71
states that electrons normally occupy electron subshells in an atom in order of increasing subshell energy
aufbau principle
72
a listing of the electron subshells in the order in which electrons occupy them
aufbau diagram
73
the two principles that are needed to specify occupancy for electrons
aufbau principle and hund's rule
74
states that when electrons are placed in a set of orbitals of equal energy (the orbitals of the subshell), the order of filling for the orbitals is such that each orbital of the subshell receives an electron with the same spin before any orbital receives a second electron (of the opposite spin)
hund's rule
75
a diagram that shows how many electrons an atom has in each of its occupied electron orbitals
electron orbital diagram
76
two electrons of the opposite spin present in the same orbital
paired electrons
77
a single electron in an orbital
unpaired electron
78
an atom that has an electron arrangement containing one or more unpaired electrons
paramagnetic atom
79
an atom that has an electron arrangement in which all electrons are paired
diamagnetic atom
80
chemical properties repeat themselves in a regular manner among the elements because ____ configurations repeat themselves in a regular manner among the elements
electron
81
the last electron added to the elements electron configuration when the configuration is written according to the aufbau principle
distinguishing electron
82
an element that has the characteristic properties of luster, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability
metal
83
an element characterized by the absence of the properties of luster thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability
nonmetal
84
an element located in the far right column (group VIIIA) of the periodic table
noble gas element
85
an element located in the S area of the first five columns of the P area of the periodic table
representative element
86
an element located in the D area of the periodic table
transition element
87
an element located in the F area of the periodic table
inner-transition element
88
the variation in properties of elements as a function of their positions in the periodic table
chemical periodicity
89
an element with properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals
metalloids
90
an element that does not conduct electrical current at room temperature but does so at higher temperatures
semiconductor
91
atomic radii tend to decrease from ____ to ____ within a period of the periodic table
left; right
92
atomic radii tend to ____ from top to bottom within the periodic table
increase

INTRO TO CHEM (6 decks)

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