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BCH 451 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Aspartate

A

Asp, D

AA with a carboxylic acid as a side chain functional group (pKa = 3.9)

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2
Q

Asparagine

A

Asn, N

AA with an amide as a side chain functional group

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3
Q

Assay

A

an analytical procedure in which the amount or concentration of an unknown is determined by comparing its response or reaction to that obtained with a known amount or concentration of the same or similar material

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4
Q

beta sheet

A

a type of secondary structure found in proteins which are characterized by two linear strands of polypeptide backbone lying side by side and connected by hydrogen bonds which have phi angle -119 and psi angle 113 for parallel and phi angle -139 and psi angle 135 for anti parallel

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5
Q

buffer

A

a solution of weak acid or base which is present in acid-base pair which resists changes in pH when another acid or base is added

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6
Q

carbohydrate

A

polyhydroyxl ketone or polyhydroxyl aldehyde and their derivatives

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7
Q

catabolic

A

metabolic pathway which produces energy

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8
Q

chaotropic agent

A

“chaos creating” agents - molecules which denature biomolecules.

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9
Q

isomer

A

two different chemical compounds that have the same chemical composition but are physically distinct and separable

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10
Q

chemical isomer

A

two different molecules which have the same chemical composition

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11
Q

chiral center

A

a single atom or group of atoms when the attached groups are interchanged, the two molecules are not superimposable

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12
Q

chromotography

A

a technique of separation and analysis which is based on the relative affinity of solutes for a moving and stationary phases.

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13
Q

Cysteine

A

Cys, C

AA that has a thiol or sufhydral as a side chain functional group

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14
Q

Cystine

A

AA with a disulfide bond side chain functional group

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15
Q

Dalton

A

unit of molecular weight where one mole of hydrogen atoms is 1 dalton

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16
Q

denaturation

A

the process by which a biomolecule loses its biological function

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17
Q

diastereomers

A

stereoisomers which contain more than one chiral center but are not mirror images of each other

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18
Q

conformation

A

arrangement of atoms in space

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19
Q

configuration

A

arrangement of atoms around a chiral center

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20
Q

enthalpy

A

the measure of the amount of heat within a system under constant pressure

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21
Q

entropy

A

the measure of disorder in a system

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22
Q

epimer

A

two stereoisomers which differ by only one chiral center

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23
Q

Gibbs Free Energy

A

the amount of energy available to do [chemical] work

delta G = Delta H - T(delta S)

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24
Q

Glutamate

A

Glu, E
AA with a carboxylic acid side chain functional group
pKa = 4.1

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25
Glutamine
Gln, Q | AA with an amide side chain functional group
26
Lysine
Lys, K | AA with a primary amine side chain functional group
27
Histidine
His, H AA with an imidazole side chain functional group pKa = 6
28
Isoelectric focusing
a type of electrophoresis in which the gel contains a pH gradient so that the molecules move to the pH location which matches their isoelectric point
29
Isoleucine
Ile, I | AA with a branched aliphatic side chain functional group
30
Lipid
biomolecules which are insoluble or slightly soluble in water and usually extractable by organic [nonpolar] solvents
31
glycine
gly, G | AA with a hydrogen as side chain functional group
32
Methionine
met, m | AA with thio ether side chain functional group
33
Motif
a unique combination or folding of secondary structures
34
net charge
the algebraic sum of all the charges on a single molecule
35
nucleic acid
biopolymers consisting of nitrogenous bases which are linked to ribose or deoxyribose linked by phosphodiester bonds
36
PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis- tool for separation and analysis of proteins
37
pH
a negative of the logarithm of the hydronium ion
38
phenylalanine
phe, F | AA with phenyl side chain functional group
39
pKa
a negative of the logarithm of the acid dissociation constant
40
primary structure
the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein
41
proline
pro, p | AA with pyrrolidine side chain functional group
42
protein
polymer of alpha amino acids linkedby a peptide [amide] bond
43
quaternary structure
association of multiple tertiary structures to form a complex
44
residue
the monomeric component of a polymer minus the atoms which were moved to make the chemical linkage
45
secondary structure
the regular or periodic folding of the primary structures
46
Serine
Ser, S | AA with primary aliphatic alcohol side chain functional group
47
Side chain
the atoms of an amino acid which are attached to the alpha carbon of an amino acid and which are not the carboxyl group, amino group, or hydrogen
48
stereoisomers
two different configurations of a molecule
49
tertiary structure
the irregular or non-repeating folding of the primary and secondary structures
50
Zwitterion
a molecule that contains both positive and negative charges but is electrically neutral
51
Threonine
Thr, T | AA with secondary aliphatic alcohol side chain functional group
52
Tryptophan
Trp, W | AA with indole side chain functional group
53
Tyrosine
Tyr, Y AA with phenol side chain functional group pKa = 10.5
54
Valine
Val, V | AA with branched aliphatic side chain functional group
55
Alpha Helix
a type of secondary structure which is commonly found in proteins which are characterized by 3.6 residue per turn which is characterized by phi angle -57 and psi angle -47 for right hand helix and psi angle 57 and phi angle 47 for left hand helix
56
Alanine
Ala, A | AA with methyle or aliphatic side chain functional group
57
Amino acid
a biomolecule contains amino group, carboxylic group, proton, and another functional group attached to the same carbon = alpha amino carboxylic acid
58
Amphibolic
a metabolic pathway which has the characteristics of both anabolism (consumes energy to synthesis biomolecules) and catabolism
59
Anomer
a chiral center not initially present in a molecule and which is created by intramolecular bonding
60
Arginine
Arg, R | AA with guanidinium side chain functional group
61
Affinity
The attraction of one molecule to another.
62
Specificity
A measure of uniqueness of a particular process.
63
Electrophoresis
A technique of separation on the movement if charged molecules in the presence of an electric field.
64
Macromolecule
Large molecules (>10,000 Dalton's) usually composed of polymers of similar or identical parts (monomers or residues)

BCH 451 (11 decks)

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