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Structure of the human body > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Dividing the midline (face) in half

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2
Q

Parasaggital

A

dividing the midline, but away from center

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3
Q

Coronal/frontal

A

Perpendicular to sagittal, divides the side in half

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4
Q

Transverse/Axial/Horiziontal

A

Divides the body in to top and bottom.

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5
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating hand so that palm is now facing down

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6
Q

Supination

A

Rotating the hand so that the palm is now facing up.

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7
Q

Definition of back:

A

Body from base of sKull to illac crest

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8
Q

Where is the superior angle of scapula?

A

T1-T2

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9
Q

Where is the inferior angle of Scapula?

A

T7

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10
Q

Where is the illiac crest located in reference to the spine?

A

T7

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11
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Innervation: Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves
Function: keeping erect posture

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12
Q

Thoracolumbar Fascia

A

Continous with aponeurosis of Latissimus Dorsi

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13
Q

Muscles of the back acting on ribs for respiration

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

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14
Q

Suboccipital Triangle

A 
Borders:
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior
Contents: 
Suboccipital nerve
Vertebral artery
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15
Q

Trapezius

A

Innervation: CN XI
Origin: C7-T12, External occipital protuberance
Insertion: Lateral clavicle, Acromion, Spine of Scapula
Action: Elevates, Retracts, Depresses, and rotates scapula upward

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16
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Innervation: Thoracodorsal
Origin: T7-L5, Iliac crest
Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus
Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerous

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17
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Innervation: Long Thoracic
Origin: Upper 8 ribs
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Rotate scapula upward, pulls toward anterior thoracic wall (retraction)

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18
Q

Greater Occipital nerve

A

Origin: C2
SMB: Sensory
Innervation: Upper half of skin in back

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19
Q

Thoracodorsal

A

Origin: C6, C7, C8

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20
Q

Long thoracic

A

Origin: C5, C6, C7

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21
Q

Dorsal Scapular

A

Origin: C5

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22
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Innervation: Dorsal scapular
Origin:Minor: C7-T1.
Insertion: Medial border of Scapula
Action: Retract scapula

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23
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Innervation: Dorsal scapular
Origin: Major: T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of Scapula
Action: Retract scapula

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24
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A 
Borders: 
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Scapula
Contents:
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25
Triangular Space
``` Borders: Teres Major Teres Minor Long head of Triceps Contents: Scapular Circumflex artery ```
26
Lumbar Triangle
``` Borders: Latissimus dorsi External Abdominal Oblique Illium Floor: internal abdominal oblique (herniations occur often here) ```
27
Quadrangular space
``` Borders: Teres Major Teres Minor Long head of triceps Humerus Contents: Axillary nerve Posterior Circumflex humeral artery ```
28
Cervical Vertebrae
``` C1(Atlas): no body or spinous process. C2: Dens, bifid SP C3-C7: Bifid SP, Transverse foramen, C7: LOOONG spinous process Facets: superior and inferior facing ```
29
Thoracic Vertebrae
``` Costal facets (articulation with ribs, on transverse process and body) Posterior facing articular process Spinous process points down ```
30
Lumbar Vertebrae
Long, slender transverse process Accessory processes Articular facets face medially
31
Sacral Vertebrae
Fused | Articulate with coxal bones
32
Coccygeal vertebrae
4
33
Intervertebral discs
C2-L5 Annulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus
34
Primary Curvature
Thoracic (anteriorly) | Sacral (anteriorly)
35
Secondary Curvatures
Cervical (posteriorly) | Lumbar (posteriorly)
36
Kyphosis
Exaggerated primary (hunch back)
37
Lordosis
Exaggerated secondary (swayback)
38
Scoliosis
Lateral deviation of lumbar collumn
39
Spine ligaments from Anterior to posterior
``` Anterior longitudinal Posterior longitudinal Ligamentum flavum Interspinous Supraspinous ```
40
Dentate ligaments
Lateral extensions of Pia mater | Makes the filum terminal internum
41
Deep fascia
Pectoral Fascia Axillary Fascia Clavicpectoral fascia
42
Suprascapular Notch
Suprascapular Artery and nerve (Army over Navy under/Anybody over Notre Dame)
43
Triangular Interval
``` Border: Teres Major long head of triceps lateral head of triceps contents: Profunda brachii Radial nerve ```
44
Pectoral Fascia
Superior border: clavicle + sternum Inferior: Fascia of abdominal wall Invests into pectoralis major
45
Axillary Fascia
Continuous with Pectoral fascia laterally | Forms floor of axilla
46
Clavipectoral
Deep to Pec. Major Comes from clavicle Encloses subclavius and pec minor becomes supensory ligament of axilla
47
Dermatones C5
Clavicles
48
Dermatones T4
Level of niples
49
Dermatone T10
Level of umbilicus
50
Dermatone T1
Goes down medial/center part of arm
51
Supraclavicular nerve
Origin: C3-C4 Location:anterior to clavicle Supplies skin of clavicle
52
Superior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous nerve
Origin: C5-C6 Cutaneous branch of Axillary nerve Supplies skin over deltoid
53
Clavicle Attachments
``` Superior surface: Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Deltoid Subclavius ```
54
Pectoralis Major
Innervation: Lateral and Medial pectoral nerve Origin: Medial clavicle, sternum Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Adductor and medial rotator of humerus Key: two heads
55
Pectoralis Minor
Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve Origin: Ribs 3-5 Insertion: Coracoid process Action: Depress and protract scapula
56
Subclavius Muscle
Innervation: Subclavius nerve Origin: First rib Insertion: Clavicle (inf.) Action: Stabilize clavicle
57
Deltoid Muscle
Innervation: Axillary nerve Origin: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity Action: Anterior: Flex and medially rotate arm. Middle: Abducts arm (top 85%). Posterior: Extends and laterally rotates arm
58
Teres Major
Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve Origin: Inferior border of scapula Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Adducts arm. Medially rotates shoulder.
59
Teres Minor
Innervation: Axillary nerve Origin: Lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Laterally rotates arm. Holds humerus in glenoid cavity
60
Rotator cuff muscles
``` SItS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis ```
61
Supraspinatus
``` Innervation: Suprascapular nerve Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: Helps adduct arm w/ Deltoid (bottom 15%) Rotator cuff muscle ```
62
Infraspinatus
``` Innervation: Suprascapular nerve Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: Lateral rotation of arm. Holds Humerus in glenoid cavity. Rotator cuff muscle ```
63
Subscapularis
``` Innervation: Subscapular nerve (upper and lower) Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle Action: Medial rotation of the arm Rotator cuff muscle ```
64
Axilla
``` Contents: Axillary Artery Lateral Cord Posterior Cord Medial Cord Axillary lymph nodes ```
65
Axillary Artery Branches
From: Subclavian Becomes: Brachial Artery Branches: Part 1 (1): Rib1-Pec minor Superior thoracic artery Part 2 (2): Under pec. minor Thoracoacromial trunk Lateral Thoracic Artery Part 3(3): Lat. Pec. Minor to inf. Teres Major. Subscapular Artery Anterior Circumflex humeral artery Posterior Circumflex Humeral artery
66
Subscapular artery
From the third part of Axillary artery. Divides into: Circumflex scapular artery Thoracodorsal artery.
67
Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
Branch of axillary artery, passes through quadrangular space.
68
What glands are on the areolae?
Sebaceous glands (glands of Montgomery)
69
What is the lobule?
Functional unit of the breast tissue. | Drained by single lactiferous duct.
70
How many individual lobules per breast?
15-20.
71
What is the suspensory ligament of Cooper?
Gland connecting skin to superficial fascia, separating the glandular tissue.
72
Arterial supply to breasts?
(medial) Internal Thoracic Lateral thoracic Posterior intercostal
73
Venous drainage of the breast?
Axillary vain
74
Cutaneous innervation of breasts
4th to 6th intercostal nerves.
75
Lymphatic drainage of breasts
Has role in metastasis. Most lymph drains to the axillary lymph notes. CLASP Central, lateral, Apical, Subscapular, and Pectoral nodes
76
Frequency of breast cancer in breast
Superior lateral > areolar. Superior Medial > Inferior lateral > inferior medial
77
Rectus capitis posterior major
Innervation: Suboccipital (C1) Origin: Spinous process of axis Insertion: Inferior nuchal line Action: Ipsilateral rotation, extension
78
Rectus Capitis posterior minor
Innervation: Suboccipital nerve Origin: Posterior arch of atlas Insertion: Inferior nuchal line Action: Extension
79
Obliquus capitis Superior
Innervation: Suboccipital nerve Origin: Transverse process of atlas Insertion: Inferior nuchal line Action: Abduction and extension
80
Obliquus capitis inferior
Innervation: suboccipital nerve Origin: Spinous process Axis (C2) Insertion: Transverse process of atlas (C1) Action: Rotates head to contracted side.
81
Transverse suprascapular ligament
Over Great Scapular Notch Over: Suprascapular artery Under: Suprascapular nerve
82
What inserts on greater tubercle?
Supraspinatus (only one that does not laterally rotate) Infraspinatus Teres minor
83
What inserts on lesser tubercle?
Subscapularis
84
What inserts on intertubercular fossa?
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Pectoral Major
85
Anastomosis
Circumflex Scapular Suprascapular artery | Anterior circumflex humeral artery posterior circumflex humeral artery
86
Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient
``` Superior thoracic artery Thoracoacromial artery Lateral thoracic artery Subscapular artery Anterior humeral circumflex artery Posterior humeral circumflex artery ```
87
Levator Scapulae
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve Origin: Transverse process of C1-C3 Insertion: Superior angle of scapula Action: Elevates scapula, extends head
88
Serratus posterior superior
Innervation: Intercostal nerves Origin: Nuchal ligament Insertion: Ribs 2-5 Action: Elevates ribs (respiration)
89
Serratus posterior inferior
Innervation: Intercostal nerves Origin: Vertebrae T11-L2 Insertion: Ribs 9-12) Action: Depress lower libs (expiration)
90
Semispinalis capitis
Innervation: Dorsal rami Action: Extends head
91
Splenius capitis
Innervation: Dorsal rami Origin: Transverse process of T6-12 Insertion: Mastoid process Action: Extends vertebral column, ipsilateral rotation, abduction
92
What attaches to the coracoid process?
Three muscles: Pec Minor Short head of biceps brachii Coracobrachialis
93
Triceps Brachii
``` Innervation: Radial nerve Origin: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle Lateral head: upper half of humerus Medial head: Posterior shaft of humerus Insertion: olecranon process of ulna Action: Long: Adducts arm, extends shoulder Medial and lateral: extend forearm at elbow ```
94
Sternocleidomastoid
Innervation: Spinal accessory Origin: Sternal head: Manubrium Clavicular head: Medial 1/3rd of clavicle. Insertion: Mastoid process Action: Abducts/adducts, contralateral rotation, flex neck.
95
Platysma
Innervation: Facial nerve CN:VII Origin: Skin over pectoral region Insertion: Mandible Action: Depress mandible, tenses lower neck skin.
96
Omohyoid
``` Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis Origin:superior scapular border Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Depresses hyoid and larynx Part of anterior strap. ```
97
Anterior scalene
Innervation: C4-C6 Origin: Transverse process of C3-C6/1st rib Insertion: First rib Action: Elevates rib, Flex, abduction
98
Middle Scalene
``` Innervation: Ventral rami of C3-C8 Origin: Transverse process of all of cervical Insertion: 1st rib Action:Elevates rib for respiration Abduction ```
99
Posterior scalene
Innervation: Ventral rami C7-C8 Origin: C5-C7 transverse processes Insertion:2nd rib Action: elevates rib for respiration, abduction, ipsilateral rotation .
100
Investing Layer of dense connective tissue
Attaches to ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 | Encloses trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, surrounds everything
101
Investing Fascia
Invests: Trapezius, Infrahyoid muscles
102
Pretracheal fascia
Continuous with carotid sheath and buccopharyngeal | Contains: Thyroid, trachea/larynx
103
Carotid sheath
``` Contents: Common Carotid artery Internal Carotid artery Vegas nerve Internal jugular ```
104
Prevertebral (deep cervical) Fascia
Covers vertebral musculature
105
Posterior Triangle
``` Boundaries: Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Clavicle Floor: Paravertebral Fascia (splenius capitis, levator Scapulae, Scalene Anterior, middle, and posterior) Divides into: Occipital triangle Omoclavicular triangle ```
106
Occipital triangle
``` Borders: Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Inferior belly of omohyoid Contains: Cervical plexus (cutaneous) Spinal Accessory nerve. Transverse cervical artery ```
107
Omoclavicular triangle
Boundaries: Omohyoid inferior belly, clavicle Sternocleidomastoid
108
Sensory branches of cervical plexus (anterior to posterior)
Transverse cervical Greater aurical Lesser occipital Supraclavicular
109
What is Erb's point?
The point at which sensory cutaneous nerves from cervical plexus become superficial.
110
Supraclavicular Triangle
``` Below omohyoid Contents: Lower part of brachial plexus Subclavian artery + vein Branches off subclavian artery External jugular vein (above Sternocleidomastoid). ```
111
Where can you see the external jugular vein?
Below the Sternocleidomastoid, alongside the Great auricular nerve.
112
Where can you see Phrenic nerve in neck?
Lies on top of the Anterior Scalene
113
Describe the position of Subclavian vein, Subclavian artery, and the scalene muscles.
Subclavian vein runs superficial to anterior scalene | Subclavian artery runs deep to anterior scalene, but superficial to the middle scalene.
114
Thyrocervical artery
``` From: Subclavian Branches: Inferior thyroid Transverse cervical Suprascapular Ascending cervical ```
115
ITSA DEEP SUPREME
ITSA (branches of thyrocervical) | Deep + Supreme (branches of costocervical)
116
Branches of thoracoacromial
``` Dead People Are Cadavers Deltoid Pectoral Acromial Clavicular ```
117
Proximal Subclavian branches
Vertebral Internal thoracic Thyrocervical
118
Medial branches of subclavian
Costocervical | divides into Deep cervical and Supreme thoracic
119
Biceps Brachii
Innervation: Musculocutaneous (C6 and C7) Origin: Long (lateral): supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: coracoid process Insertion: Radial tuberosity (bicipital aponeurosis) Action: Supinates forearm, flexes forearm at elbow, flexes arm at shoulder
120
Brachialis
Innervation: Musculocutaneous and radial (C7) Origin: Bottom half of humerus (anterior) Insertion: Coronoid process in ulna Action: Flex forearm at elbow
121
Coracobrachialis
``` Innervation: Musculocutaneous Origin: Tip coracoid process Insertion: medial middle of humerus Action:Flex and adduct arm at shoulder. ```
122
Pronator teres
Innervation: Median Origin: Medial epicondyle humerus Insertion: Lateral Radius Action: Pronates arm, flexes elbow
123
Flexor carpi radialis
Innervation: Median Origin: Medial epicondyle, humerus Insertion: 2nd metacarpal bone Action: Flexes hand and wrist
124
Palmaris longus
Innervation: Median Origin: Medial epicondyle Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis Action: Flexes hand at wrist, tightens palmar aponeurosis
125
Flexor carpi ulnaris
``` Innervation: Ulnar Origin: Humeral H: medial epicondyle Ulnar H: olecranon process Insertion: 5th metacarpal Action: Flexes/adducts hand ```
126
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervation: Median Origin: Medial epicondyle + sup/ant radius Insertion: middle phalanges on edges (2-5) Action: flexes middle phalanges 1-4, flexes wrist, flexes forearm
127
Flexor digitorum profundis
Innervation: Ulnar (medial) and Median (lateral) Origin: Anterior/medial ulna Insertion: distal phalanges of metacarpals 1-4 (between F. digitorum superficialis tendons) Action: Flex distal phalanges, flex wrist.
128
Flexor pollicis longus
Innervation: Anterior interosseous Origin: anterior radius Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb Action: flexes phalanges of 1st digit.
129
Pronator Quadratus
Innervation: Anterior interosseous Origin: anterior ulna Insertion: anterior radius Action: pronates forearm
130
Brachioradialis
Innervation: Radial nerve Origin: Medial humerus Insertion: Distal/lateral radius Action: Flexes forearm at elbow
131
Anconeus
Innervation: Deep Radial (C5-T1) Origin: Lat. epicondyle, humerus Insertion: olecranon process Action: Extend elbow
132
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Innervation: Radial Origin: Lat. Humerus Insertion: Base of metacarpal 2. Action: Extend and abduct hand
133
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Innervation: Radial Origin: Lateral epicondyle Insertion: base of metacarpal 3 Action: Extend and abduct hand
134
Extensor digitorum
Innervation: Posterior interosseous Origin: Lat. Epicondyle Insertion: Distal and middle phalanges (post.) Action: Extend medial 4 digits at MCP joints, extend hand
135
Extensor digiti minimi
Innervation: Post. Interosseus Origin: Lat. Epicondyle, humerus Insertion: Extensor expansion of digit 5 Action: Extend 5th digit at MCP and IP joints
136
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Innervation: Post. Interosseus Origin: Lat. epicondyle Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal Action: Extend and adduct hand
137
Abductor pollicis longus
Innervation: Posterior interosseous Origin: Post. Ulna, radius, ISM Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal Action: Abduct thumb and extend it at CMC
138
Extensor pollicis brevis
Innervation: Posterior interosseous Origin: Post. Radius, ISM Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action: extend thumb at CMC joint.
139
Extensor pollicis longus
Innervation: Post. Interosseus Origin: Post. Ulna and ISM Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb Action: Extend thumb at MCP and IP joints
140
Extensor indicis
Innervation: Post. Interosseus Origin: Post. Ulna, ISM Insertion: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit Action: Extends 2nd digit, helps extend hand
141
Supinator
Innervation: Radial nerve Origin: Lat. Epicondyle, humerus Insertion: Lat. radius Action: Supinates forearm
142
Opponens Pollicis
Innervation: Median nerve Origin: Flexor retinaculum Insertion: lateral side of metacarpal 1 Action: Opposes thumb
143
Abductor pollicis brevis
Innervation: Median nerve Origin: Flexor retinaculum Insertion: Lateral phalanx of thumb Action: Abducts thumb
144
Flexor Pollicis brevis
Innervation: Median nerve Origin: Flexor retinaculum Insertion: Lat. proximal phalanx of thumb Action:Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
145
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Innervation: Ulnar nerve Origin: Flexor retinaculum Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit 5 Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of digit 5
146
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Innervation: Ulnar nerve Origin: Pisiform Insertion: Medial side of Phalanx 5 Action: Abducts 5th digit.
147
Opponens digiti Minimi
Innervation: Ulnar nerve Origin: Flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate Insertion: ant. 5th metacarpal Action: Opposes pinky
148
Adductor Pollicis
``` Innervation: Ulnar nerve Origin: Oblique head: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Transverse head: 3rd metacarpal Insertion: Proximal phalanx of thumb Action: Adduct thumb ```
149
Dorsal Interossei
DABS Innervation: Ulnar Number: 4 Origin: metatarsal Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of respective finger Action: Abducts digits 2, 3 (both ways), 4
150
Palmaris brevis
Innervation: Ulnar Action: Draw skin towards center fo palm
151
Lumbricals
Innervation: 1 and 2: Median nerve 3 and 4: Ulnar nerve Origin: Flexor Digitorum profundus tendon Insertion: Action: Extend proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of 2-5
152
Palmar Interossei
``` PAD Innervation: Ulnar Location (3): Between digits Origin: metatarsal of respective finger Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of respective finger Action: Adducts digits 2, 4, 5 ```
153
Snuff box
Borders: Extensor pollicis longus, Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis Contents: Radial artery
154
Innervated muscles of CNXI
Sternocleidomastoid | Trapezius
155
Innervated muscles by axillary nerve
Teres minor Deltoid Seen in quadrangular space
156
Innervated by Thoracodorsal
Latissimus dorsi
157
Innervated by Dorsal Scapular
Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor
158
Innervated by Long Thoracic
Serratus anterior
159
Innervated by Suprascapular
Supraspinatus | Infraspinatus
160
Innervated by Subclavius nerve
Subclavius
161
Innervated by Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Pectoralis Major
162
Innervated by Medial Pectoral Nerve
Pectoralis Major | Pectoralis Minor
163
Innervated by Musculocutaneous
Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis
164
Innervated by Upper Subscapular
Subscapularis
165
Innervated by Lower subscapular
Subscapularis | Teres Major
166
Innervated by Ulnar
``` Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Profundus Adductor pollicis Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi Lumbricals 3 and 4 Dorsal Interossei Palmar Interossei Palmar surface of digit 5, and half of 4 (as well as all posterior side behind these digits) ```
167
Innervated by Median
``` Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor Digitorum profundis Palmar Surface of Digits 1,2, 3, and half of 4 (as well as distal dorsal) Flexor Pollicis Brevis Flexor pollicis Longus (AIS) Pronator Quadratus (AIS) Abductor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis Lumbracles 1 and 2 (in carpal tunnel) ```
168
Innervated by posterior interosseous
``` (from radial nerve) Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Digitorum Abductor Pollicis longus Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor indicis ```
169
Innervated by Radial nerve
``` Triceps brachii Anconeus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (PIS) Extensor Digiti Minimi (PIS) Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi radialis longus Extensor Carpi radialis brevis Extensor Digitorum (PIS) Abductor Pollicis longus (PIS) Extensor pollicis brevis (PIS) Supinator Extensor pollicis longus (PIS) Extensor indicis (PIS) ```
170
Innervated by Anterior interosseous Nerve
Flexor Pollicis longus | Pronator Quadratus
171
Cubital Fossa
``` Borders: Pronator Teres, Brachioradialis Covering: Bicipital aponeurosis Superficial: Cephalic vein and Basilic vein meet at Median cubital vein Contents: Terminal part of brachial artery (turns into ulnar and radial) Tendon of biceps brachii MEdian Nerve Radial Nerve ```
172
Subclavian Artery
Becomes: Axillary Artery once past first rib Branches: (VIT C and sometimes D, ITSA Deep Supreme) Vertebral Artery Internal Thoracic Artery Thyrocervical Costocervical Dorsal Scapular
173
Thyrocervical artery
``` From: Subclavian Branches: ITSA Inferior Thyroid Transverse Cervical Suprascapular Ascending ```
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Costocervical Artery
From: subclavian Branches: Deep Supreme Deep Cervical Supreme Thoracic
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Brachial Artery
From: Axillary artery (Past Teres Major) Branches: Deep Brachii Becomes (USRD): Radial artery (Deep) and Ulnar artery (superficial) in cubital fossa
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Brachial Artery
From: Axillary artery (Past Teres Major) Branches: Deep Brachii Becomes (UDRs): Radial artery (Deep) and Ulnar artery (superficial) in cubital fossa
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Ulnar artery
From: Brachial artery Branches: Common interosseous artery
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Common interosseous artery
From: Ulnar artery Becomes: Anterior interosseous artery and Posterior interosseous artery
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1/2 LOAF
``` Muscles innervated by the Median Nerve. 1/2 of Extensor Digitorum Profundis 1st and 2nd lumbricals. Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis ```
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Buccopharyngeal fascia
Description: Continuous with Carotid sheath and pretracheal Contains: Esophagus/pharynx
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Prevertebral Fascia
Contents: Ant. and Post. Scalene muscles, back muscles, prevertebral muscle
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Retropharyngeal space
Between buccopharyngeal space and prevertebral fascia. | Importance: If perforated, can cause exchange of fluids with abdominal cavity.
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Infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3)
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Suprahyoid muscles
``` Digastric Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Stylohyoid Hyoglossus ```
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Suprahyoid muscles
``` Digastric Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Stylohyoid Hyoglossus ```
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Sternothyroid
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis Origin: Manubrium, 1st rib Attachment: Thyroid Action: Depress larynx, thyroid
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Thyrohyoid
Innervation: C1 via CNXII Origin: Thyroid Attachment: Hyoid (greater horn) Action: Depress larynx, hyoid bone. Elevate thyroid cartilage.
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Digastric
``` Innervation: A: nerve to mylohyoid P: facial nerve Origin: A: Mandible P: Mastoid notch, temporal bone Attachment: hyoid Action: Elevates hyoid, lowers mandible. ```
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Mylohyoid
Innervation: Nerve to mylohyoid (V) Origin: Mandible Attachment: hyoid Action:Elevate hyoid bone, depress mandible
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Geniohyoid
Innervation: Hypoglossal (XII) Origin: Mandible (inf. genial tubercle) Attachment: Hyoid Action: Elevates hyoid, depress mandible
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Stylohyoid
Innervation: Facial nerve VII Origin: Styloid process Attachment: Greater horn of hyoid Action: Elevates hyoid bone
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Hyoglossus
Innervation: Hypoglossal (XII) Origin: Hyoid bone Attachment: Inferior Tongue Action: Depress and retract tongue
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Branches from External Carotid
``` SALFORMS Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital posterior auRicular Maxillary Superior temporal ```
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Facial nerve (CNVII) Brances
``` Ten Zombies Bit My Cat Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical ```
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Occipitalis
Innervation: Post auricular (VII) Origin: Nuchal line/mastoid Attachment: epicranial aponeurosis Action: Moves scalp backwards
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Frontalis
Innervation: Temporal nerve (VII) Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis Attachment: Skin in frontal region Action: wrinkles forehead skin, elevates eyebrows
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Orbicularis oculi
Innervation: Facial nerve (VII) Origin: Lacrimal bone Attachment: Skin around orbit Action: closes eyelids
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Orbicularis oris
Innervation: Zygomatic, buccal, and mandibular branches (VII) Origin: Maxilla Attachment: Skin around lips Action: Compress, contraction, and portrusion of lips
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Buccinator
Innervation: Buccal n. (VII) Origin: Maxilla Attachment: Angle of mouth Action: Compress cheeck
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Temporalis
Innervation: Deep temporal, V3 Origin: Temporal fossa Attachment: Coronoid process Action: Elevates mandibule
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Masseter
Innervation: Mandibular nerve (V3) Origin: Zygomatic arch Attachment: Ramus, coronoid process Action: elevates and protrudes jaw
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Lateral pterygoid
``` Innervation: V3 Origin: S: greater wing of sphenoid I: lateral pterygoid Attachment: capsule of temporomandibular joint Action: Protrude mandible, side to side grinding ```
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Lateral pterygoid
``` Innervation: V3 Origin: S: greater wing of sphenoid I: lateral pterygoid Attachment: capsule of temporomandibular joint Action: Opens jaw ```
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Nerves that supply the face
Motor: CN V, VII Sensory: CN V Parasympathetic: VII, IX
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Branches of trigeminal
Ophthalmic (V1) Maxillary (V2) Mandibular (V3)
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Muscles of mastication:
Masseter Temporalis Lateral pterygoid Medial Pterygoid
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Sensory branches of V2
Infraorbital nerve
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Sensory branches of V3
``` BAIL Buccal (ant) Auriculotemporal (travels with superficial temporal artery) Inferior alveolar (becomes mental) Lingual ```
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Inferior alveolar nerve
From: V3 (mandibular) | Gives off: Mental nerve
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Branches of the Maxillary artery
From: External carotid | Important branches: Middle Meningeal, Inferior alveolar(turns into mental), Inferior orbital
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Branches of Facial
From: External corotid SAL Superior labial Ascending palatine Lateral nasal
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Branches of Maxillary
``` From: External carotid SPD Sphenopalatine Pharyngeal Descending palatine ```
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Kiesselbach's area
Anastomosis between the following arteries leads to nose bleeds: ``` Sphenopalatine(Maxillary) Superior Labial (Facial) Anterior Ethmoidal (Int. Carotid) ```

Structure of the human body (7 decks)

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