Exam 2 Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
A
Innervation: CNIII (superior)
Action: Raises eyelid
2
Q
Superior rectus
A
Innervation: CN III, Superior
Action: Elevates, Adducts eye (medial rotation)
3
Q
Medial Rectus
A
Innervation: CNIII, Inferior
Action: Adduct eye
4
Q
Inferior Rectus
A
Innervation: CNIII, inferior
Action: Depresses, adducts eye (lateral rotation)
5
Q
Lateral Rectus
A
Innervation: Abducent (VI)
Action: Avducts eye
6
Q
Inferior Oblique
A
Innervation: CN III, inferior
Action: Elevates, abducts, and laterally rotates
7
Q
Superior Oblique
A
Innervation: Trochlear (IV)
Action: Depress, abduct, medially rotates
8
Q
Ophthalmic artery
A
From: Internal Carotid
CLP SAP DS
Central Artery of Retina
Lacrimal Artery
Posterior Cilliary
Supraorbital
Anterior Ethmoidal
Posterior Ethmoidal
Dorsal Nasal
Supratrochlear
9
Q
Cilliary Muscle:
A
Innervation: Parasympathetics from CNIII
Action: Controls shape of lens
Far: Flat lens
Close, thick lens
10
Q
Cilliary Process:
A
Produce aqueous humor
11
Q
Canal of Schlemm
A
Covered by endothelium, receives aqueous humor from Anterior chamber via Trabeculae
12
Q
Opthalmic Nerve
A
V3, from Trigeminal NFL Nasociliary Frontal Lacrimal
13
Q
Frontal Nerve
A
From: Opthalmic nerve
Supratrochlear (medial)
Supraorbital (lateral)
14
Q
Glaucoma
A
Blockage of Trabeculae leading to no aqueous fluid moving into canal of Schlemm. Vision impaired by pressure on retina.
Open angle: Blockage
Close angle: Blockage by iris.
15
Q
Cataracts:
A
Clouding of the lens
16
Q
Postremal Champer
A
Filled with vitreous humor.
17
Q
Fovea
A
Center of visual axis, only cones, no blood vessels.
18
Q
Optic disc
A
No photoreceptors, blind spot.
19
Q
Papilledema
A
Increase in CSF pushes on back of optic disc, causing it to bulge.
20
Q
Superior Constrictor
A
Innervation: Vagus (X)
Action: Swallowing
21
Q
Middle Constrictor
A
Innervation: Vagus (X)
Action: Swallowing
22
Q
Inferior Constrictor
A
Innervation: Vagus (X)
Action: Swallowing
23
Q
Stylopharyngeus
A
Innervation: CN IX
Attachment: thyroid
24
Q
Salpingopharyngeus
A
Innervation: X
25
Tensor Veli Palatini
Innervation: V3
26
Vagus in Larynx
Branches:
```
External laryngeal (sup)
Internal Laryngeal (inf)
Recurrent laryngeal (Runs around Aorta on Left side, Subclavian on Right side)
```
27
Inferior laryngeal artery
From: Inferior Thyroid (from thyrocervical of subclavian)
| Runs with: Recurrent laryngeal.
28
Superior laryngeal Artery
From: Superior thyroid (from External carotid)
| Runs with: Internal laryngeal
29
Diaphragm
Innervation: phrenic
Origin: xiphoid, lower 6 ribs, l1-l3
Insertion: Central tendon
Action: Draws central tendon forward during inspiration
30
Quadratus lumborum
Innervation: Ventral rami of T12, L1-4
Origin: Transverse process of T12-L1 + 12th rib
Insertion: Iliac crest
Action: extends and abducts column
31
External carotid
```
From: Common carotid
SALFORMS
Superficial temporal
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
posterior auRicular
Maxillary
Superior thyroid artery
```
32
Coccygeus
Innervation: S4, S5
Origin: Sacrospinous ligament
Insertion: Coccyx
Action: Supports Pelvic Vicera
33
Celiac Trunk
Supplies: Foregut
Divides: T12
Branches:
Left Gastric
Splenic
Common Hepatic
34
Left Gastric
Anastomosis with R. Gastric
35
Anastomosis:
L. Gastric(Cystic) R. Gastric(Hepatic proper)
| L. Gastroomental (splenic) R. Gastroomental (Common Hepatic/gastroduodenal)
36
Common Hepatic
From: Celiac Trunk
Branches:
Gastroduodenal
Hepatic Proper
37
Hepatic Proper
From: Common Hepatic
Branches:
Right Gastric
Left Hepatic
Right Hepatic
38
Right Hepatic
From: Hepatic Proper
Branches:
Cystic Artery to Gallbladder
39
Gastroduodenal
From: Common Hepatic
Branches:
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
Right Gastroomental
40
Splenic
From: Celiac
Branches:
Short Gastric
Left gastroomental
41
Foregut:
Stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, half of duodenum
42
Midgut
half of duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, ascending colon, 2/3rd of transverse colon.
43
Hindgut
Left 1/3rd of transverse colon, descending, sigmoid, rectum
44
Blood supply to rectum:
```
Superior Retal (Inf. Mesenteric)
Middle Rectal Artery (internal illiac)
Inferior Rectal (internal pudental)
```
Superior rectal inferior rectal (in anal column).
45
Embryologic origin of Trigone
Mesoderm, everything else endoderm
46
Sclera vs. Cornea?
Sclera: Opaque, with blood vessels
Cornea: Transparent and avascular (ant 1/6th)
47
Where is Aqueous humor made?
Cilliary process
48
Where is aqueous humor reabsorbed?
Canal of Schlemm
49
Boundaries of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx (skull to soft palate)
Oropharynx
(soft palate to hyoid bone)
Laryngopharynx (hyoid to esophagus)
50
Boundaries of the larynx
Epiglottis to trachea
51
Where can you find Stylopharyngeus?
Between the superior and middle constrictors
52
What is the developmental internal spermatic fascia?
Fascia transversalis
53
Internal oblique turns into what in the scrotum?
Cremasteric muscle.
54
What abdominal muscle is not represented in the scrotum?
Transversus abdominus
55
What does the peritoneal become in the scrotum?
Tunica vaginalis
56
What does the external oblique become in the scrotum?
External spermatic fascia and inguinal ligament (not in scrotum)
57
What does the transversals fascia become in the scrotum?
Internal Spermatic fascia
58
What does scamper's fascia turn into in the scrotum?
Colle's fascia
59
What does fatty camper's turn into in the scrotum?
Dartos muscle, gives scrotum its ridges.
60
Nerve lies over psoas
Genitofemoral N
61
Nerve that lies over quadratus lumborum
subcostal, ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric
62
Nerve that lies between External and internal oblique muscle
Iliohypogastric
63
Nerve that lies between transverse abdominus and internal oblique
Ilioinguinal
64
Nerve that lies over iliacus
lateral femoral cutaneous
65
Where does true pelvis start?
arcuate line of pelvis
66
What muscle lies above the crua in the superficial pouch?
Ishiocavernosum
67
What muscle lies above the bulb of the penis in the superficial pouch?
Bulbospongiosum
68
What Muscle lies along the inferior border of the UG triangle in the superficial pouch?
Superficial Transverse peroneal
69
Where do you do a nerve block for pelvic female procedures?
Ishial Spine, blocks internal pudental nerve.
70
Erection pins down what vessel between fascia?
Deep dorsal vein
71
What muscles make up deep pouch?
Sphincter urethra
| Deep transverse perennial
72
Pathway of pudendal nerve
Comes out of greater sciatic foramen
Goes into lesser sciatic foramen
travels through Alcock's canal (thickening of obturator internus fascia)
Turns into perennial, then posterior scrotal
73
Inferior Fascia in females is called
perineal membrane
74
Where does the Sciatic nerve emerge in gluteal region?
between piriformis and superior gemellus
75
Four arteries that contribute to cruciate anastomosis
Lateral circumflex femoral transverse artery
Medial circumflex femoral transverse artery
Inferior gluteal
Ascending branch from 1st perforating artery
76
What dermatome covers the knee cap and big toe?
L4
77
What dermatome does the lateral posterior leg?
S1
78
What dermatome does the medial posterior leg?
S2
79
Car bumper damage to thigh affects what?
Common fibular nerve
| Presents as: no dorsiflexion
80
Anterior tibial runs with what nerve?
Deep fibular nerve
81
Nerve that provides skin between big toe and 2nd metatarsal
Deep fibular nerve
82
Dorsalis pedis can be found
Lateral to extensor hallucis tendon
83
Knee flexors
```
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps
Sartorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
```
84
Knee Extensors
Quadriceps femoris
Tensor Fascia Lata
Gluteus Maximus
85
Hip Medial rotators:
Tensor Fascia Lata
Gluteus Min
Gluteus med
(all superior gluteal)
86
Hip Lateral rotators
```
Sartorius
Gluteus max
Inferior Gemellus
Superior Gemellus
Obturator internus
Obturator Externus
Piriformis
Psoas Major
Quadratus femoris
```
87
Plantarflexors
```
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
```
88
Dorsiflexors
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius
89
Inverters
Tibialis anterior
| Tibialis posterior
90
Everters
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Tertius
91
Functional component of Sclera
Composed of both cornea and sclera .
| Cornea: focus' light unto medium.
92
Functional component of uvea
aka: choroid.
Absorbs stray photons.
Colliery body (muscle, process, coal of scheme)
parasympathetic lens thickening.
93
Functional component of retina
Ganglia, interneurons, photoreceptors.
94
Retroperitoneal organs
```
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (prt 2+3)
Pancreas
Ureter
Colon (ascending + Descending)
Kidney
Esophagus
Rectum
```
95
Point at which Celiac artery comes off of Aorta
T12
96
Describe the order of Heptic Artery, duct, portal vein
Portal vein = posterior
hepatic duct = right
Hepatic artery = left
97
Describe the ducts from liver to duodenum
Right and left hepatic duct join at common hepatic. Common hepatic duct joined by cystic duct, becomes common bile duct. Is joined by pancreatic duct enters duodenum part 2 at hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vader). Exits at main duodenal papilla.
98
What ligament enclose the portal triad?
Hepatoduodenal
99
Name the boundaries of the H
Ligamentum teres + ligamentum venosum (right)
| IVC + Cystic duct (left)
100
Parasympathetics to Hindgut
Pelvic splanchnic
101
Sympathetic to hindgut
Lumbar splanchnics
102
Parasympathetic to midgut and foregut
Vagus
103
Sympathetic to midgut and foregut
Thoracic splanchnics
104
Consequence of portal hypertension
Esophageal varices + hemorrhoid
105
Jejunum + illium sympathetics
T5-T9
106
Vein Anastomosis
Left gastric vein + Esophageal vein
| Superior rectal vein + middle inferior rectus
107
Pierces the psoas major
genitofemoral nerve
108
What does the functional left liver lobe contain?
Caudate and quadrate
109
What does the anatomical left liver lobe contain?
Not caudate and quadrate
110
Epiploic appendices are absent from:
CAR
| Cecum, Appendix, rectum
111
What spinal segment does appendix pain travel through?
T10
112
What are the three sites for ureter constriction?
Uretopelvic (where it leaves the kidney
Pelvic inlet (where it goes over common iliac)
Uretovesicular (where it enters bladder, smallest)
113
Describe the arcuate ligaments
Median, medial, lateral
Median = aorta
medial = posts major
Lateral = quadratus lamborum
Divided by L and R crus
114
IVC tributaries
```
R gonadal
Common iliac
Hepatic
renal
LUmbar veins
Inf phrenic vein
```
115
Suprarenal blood supply
Inferior suprarenal from Right renal
Middle suprarenal from abdominal aorta
Superior suprarenal from inferior phrenic
116
Suprarenal vein drainage
Right side: IVC
| Left side: left renal vein
117
Passes through deep inguinal ring
Spermatic cord/round ligament
Genital branch of genitofemoral
Cremasteric muscle
118
spermatic cord contents
3 arteries:
Testicular, cremasteric, vas
3 veins:
vas, pampiform plexius, vestige of vaginalis
3 nerves:
genital n, sympathetic plexus (one around testicular artery and another around vas artery).
119
Above arcuate line
Rectus sheath has aponeurosis of ext. and int. oblique in front, and internal, and transverse abdomens behind.
120
Below arcuate line
Rectus sheath has aponeurosis of external oblique, int. oblique, and transverse abdomens in front, and nothing behind (transversals fascia)
121
What is the crotch of the bronchi called?
Carina
122
Left vs right main bronchus?
Left is longer, smaller diameter. Left divides into upper and lower.
Right is shorter, larger diameter. Divides into apertural for upper, intermedium for middle and lower loves.
123
Sternal angle projects back to what part of spine?
T4
124
Organization of L lung at hilum.
Both vessels ant to bronchus.
| Artery superior to Vein.
125
Organization of R lung at hilum.
Artery and vein ant. to bronchioles, artery and bronchioles same level.
126
When does blood from right ventricle enter pulmonary trunk?
Systole
127
What supplies tissue of lungs, bronchiole supply or pulmonary supply?
Bronchiole supply
128
Child vs. Adult respiration
Adult: change in thoracic wall size + diaphragm moves down
Child: just diaphragm moving down.
129
Pleural recesses
Costodiaphragmatic (back, bigger)
| Costomedialstinal (front)
130
Contents of posterior mediastinum
Aorta, esophagus, vagus, azygos + hemi, thoracic duct, symp chain.
131
Bifurcation of Trachea
T4-5
132
Where do intercostal nerves come out?
Between innermost and internal intercostal muscles
133
Lacrimal drainage
Drain at punch lacrimal through lacrimal caniculus (duct) to lacrimal sac. Lacrimal sac drains to nasal sinus through nasolacrmal duct.
134
What nasociliary branch carries parasympathetic nerves to eye
Short cilliary nerves
135
Muscle that originates from anterior aspect of orbit
Inferior oblique
136
Where do the optic nerve axons pierce the sclera?
Lamina cribosa
137
Buccinator
Innervation: VII
138
Levator veli palatini
Innervation: pharyngeal n (X)
139
Mylohyoid
Innervation: V3
140
Glossopharyngeal nerve
```
GLOAP
glossopharyngeal nerve
lesser patrosal
Otic ganglion
Auriculotemporal n
Parotid gland
```
141
Palatoglossus
Innervation: X
142
Abductor of the vocal cords
Posterior cricothyroid (all others adduct)
143
Nerve supply to intrinsic muscles of the larynx
All done by inferior laryngeal (from recurrant) except for: cricothyroid (done by external laryngeal from superior laryngeal)
144
Damage to piriform fossa
damage to internal laryngeal, lose sensation above vocal chord
145
What is the cristae termina
From which the pectinate originate
146
Pharyngeal pouches
Ears, tonsil, bottom to top
```
Auditory tube 1
Tonsil 2
Inferior parathyroid3
Thymus
superior Parathyroid 4
```
147
Aortic arches
```
1 Regress
2 Regress
3 Common carotid
4 L. Aorta R. Subclavian
5 Regress
6 L. ductus arteriosum+ pulmonary artery R. pulmonary artery
```
148
Ventral Vs. Dorsal mesentery
Ventral: foregut, falciform + lesser omentum
Dorsal: All of the gut, post body wall
