Exam 1

Question 0

Biological Anthropology

Answer 0

Emphasis on physical characteristics of humans and primates

Question 1

Define Anthropology

Answer 1

Everything we do, think, and believe (involves making comparisons)

Question 2

Archaeology

Answer 2

study past societies through artifacts (items made by humans)

Question 3

Linguistics

Answer 3

comparative study of language, history, development, and how they change

Question 4

Cultural Anthropology

Answer 4

study of living people

Question 5

Artifacts

Answer 5

items made by humans

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

Notion that one way is best (nose cleaning story, and tribes making fun of others blow guns.)

Question 7

Cultural Relativism

Answer 7

All cultures are equal and worth of respect (finger chopping for mourning)

Question 8

Ethnography

Answer 8

Written amount of a society (thing)

Question 9

Ethnology

Answer 9

Study of different accounts (activity)

Question 10

Tylor

Answer 10

Father of Anth. Thought culture way rational <-influenced by Darwin

Question 11

Unilinear Evolution

Answer 11

Savagery>Barbarism>Civilization

Question 12

Civilization

Answer 12

Has writing

Question 13

Barbarism

Answer 13

Agriculture, some writing

Question 14

Savagery

Answer 14

Wild foods only, no agriculture/writing

Question 15

Psychic Unity of Mankind

Answer 15

All people had the equal intellectual capacity potential

Question 16

Boas

Answer 16

Thought culture was irrational. Geographer (First one to use cultures as plural) - Questioned the idea that people were of low rationallity. Profound impact on social sciences especially in US

Question 17

Historical Particularism

Answer 17

Culture results of traits coming together by historical accident

Question 18

Malinowski

Answer 18

During field study got stuck behind enemy lines and learned native language and lived in the village. Sparks new methodology ->Participant observation

Question 19

Participant Observation

Answer 19

Better way of understanding native way of life

Question 20

Symbolic Anthropology

Answer 20

The meaning behind the observed acts

Question 21

Evolutionary Psychology/Human Behavioral Ecology

Answer 21

We are a product of natural selection, and we were designed to solve recurring problems which our ancestors faced

Question 22

Hunting and Gathering

Answer 22

Wild foods exclusisvely, no agriculture

Question 23

Characteristics

Answer 23

No agriculture and bands

Question 24

Bands

Answer 24

Small groups 5-75 people, biological relatives and friends, size depends on environmental potential and seasonal fluctuations

Question 25

Nomadic

Answer 25

Division of labor, intimately tied with nature

Question 26

Division of labor

Answer 26

Men hunt wild game, women gather plants

Question 27

Hunting and gathering presentation

Answer 27

We are designed to live as hunter - gatherers

Question 28

Horticulture (slash and burn)

Answer 28

Cut down a section of land and burn it, leave it for years and come back later. (35-50 Years)

Question 29

Characteristics

Answer 29

simple agriculture : Human powered (hand tools)

Question 30

Long fallow (rest)

Answer 30

Clear a section of forrest then burn it and leave to rest for a couple of years

Question 31

Sedentary

Answer 31

75-300 people, conflict increases when a large number of people stay in the same location for several years

Question 32

Pastoralism

Answer 32

subsistence system based on animal husbandry

Question 33

Animal Husbandry

Answer 33

breeding and raising of herd animals

Question 34

Transhumance

Answer 34

altitudinal migration (summer->move to mountains) (winter -> move to lower valleys)

Question 35

Pastoralism

Answer 35

Based on animal husbandry (breeding and raising of herd animals)

Question 36

Intensive Agriculture

Answer 36

People who farm land. Often exploited by elites who live in the cities. Make up 70% of worlds population. Use plows, draft animals and sometimes irrigation.

Question 37

Social consequences of intensive agriculture

Answer 37

Must keep a good relationship within the group. Must be friendly with neighbors to trade

Question 38

Peasant presentation

Answer 38

People who farm land

Question 39

Feudal (patrimonial)

Answer 39

Grants peasants access to land, protection from raiders, fun on church holidays

Question 40

Capitalist (mercantile)

Answer 40

Private ownership of land, exchange for wage, market driven, profit motive.

Question 41

Socialist (administrative)

Answer 41

State controls land (no private ownership)

Question 42

Centralized planning

Answer 42

Not market driven, Government plans everything

Question 43

Mechanization

Answer 43

Use of fossil fuels, mechanically harvested, less human power involved, use of GPS technology

Question 44

Extremely productive

Answer 44

Mechanization replaced a lot of the work force

Question 45

Large populations

Answer 45

Living in urban centers (downside is polluction)

Question 46

Increased specialization

Answer 46

Increased division of labor

Question 47

Demopgrapic Transition

Answer 47

After an initial increase in population, growth rate tends to stabilize

Question 48

Massive migrations

Answer 48

cheap labor is needed in industrial society

Question 49

Geographical boundaries

Answer 49

Become less significant - we are increasingly interconnected (we're part of a world economy)

Question 50

Social isolation

Answer 50

Life becomes more impersonal (Perceived lost sense of community)