Exam 1

Question 1

The existance of multiple pairs of distinct, yet closely related species of snapping shrimp on either side of the isthmus of Panama supports the theory of

Answer 1

Allopatric speciation

Question 2

Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate. but the offspring develop poorly and fail to reach reproductive maturity. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate?

Answer 2

The postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability

Question 3

Which if the following statements regrading natural selection is false?

Answer 3

Natural selection causes the creation of new alleles that improve an organism’s fitness

Question 4

The first step in allopatric speciation model is

Answer 4

The geographic isolation of population

Question 5

The Grants’ studies of the Galapagos finches support the theory of evolution by demonstrating

Answer 5

Microevolutionary change over a relatively short period of time.

Question 6

Non-branching evolution, or the evolution of one species into another without splitting is referred to as

Answer 6

Anagenesis

Question 7

A rapid mode of sypatric speciation that has been important in the evolution of plants is

Answer 7

Polyploidy

Question 8

What is a biofilm?

Answer 8

A thin layer composed of different bacterial species adhered to a surface and metabolically cooperating.

Question 9

A Darwinian explanation for the rise of antibiotic strains of bacteria is

Answer 9

Under exposure to antibiotics, rare individual cells that acquire genes for resistance leave more descendants than non-resistant cells.

Question 10

True of False: up to 99% of prokaryotic cells in environmental samples cannot be cultured in a laboratory

Answer 10

True

Question 11

When Endler studied male color patterns in guppies, he found that

Answer 11

Natural selection reduced showy coloration in high predation ponds.

Question 12

What is one important difference between Bacteria and Archea?

Answer 12

The chemical composition of Bacterial and Archeal cell membranes and cell walls is different.

Question 13

In Darwin’s scheme, _____ evolve, not _____.

Answer 13

populations…. individuals

Question 14

A saprobe

Answer 14

Decomposes dead organic matter

Question 15

Broccoli, cabbages, and Brussels sprouts all descended from the same wild mustard and can still interbreed. These varieties were produced by

Answer 15

Artificial selection

Question 16

Analogous features are those that

Answer 16

Are similar due to convergent evolution

Question 17

Which if these evolutionary agents is most consistent at causing populations to become better adapted to their environments over the course of generations?

Answer 17

Natural selection

Question 18

Microevolution refers to

Answer 18

Changes to the genetic structure of a population over time

Question 19

What is the significance in evolutionary theory of the Hawaiian plants called silver swords?

Answer 19

They are an example of recent adaptive radiation

Question 20

The most inclusive taxonomic level is

Answer 20

Domain

Question 21

What generates the genetic variation that natural selection act upon?

Answer 21

Errors in DNA replication
Recombination by crossing over in meiosis
Random fertilization in sexual reproduction

Question 22

Plant species in both the cactus family and the euphorb family have thick, succulent stems and sharp spines. Which do scientists think is true?

Answer 22

Although the two families are not closely related, natural selection drove the evolution of similar adaptations in response to similar environmental pressures.

Question 23

Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot result from

Answer 23

Meiosis, because they do not under go it.

Question 24

The definition of Darwinian fitness is

Answer 24

The relative contribution of an individual organism to the gene pool of the next generation.

Question 25

The oxygen Revolution probably began with the origin of which group of organisms?

Answer 25

Eukarayotes capable of photosynthesis

Question 26

Which event in Earth’s history may have been caused by a huge asteroid colliding with earth?

Answer 26

Th end of the dinosaurs in the Cretaceous Extinction

Question 27

A heterotroph

Answer 27

Requires an organic carbon source

Question 28

What evolutionary innovations appear for the first time in the Cambrian Explosion?

Answer 28

The first adaptions for active predation and hard bodies for defense.

Question 29

By the rules of cladistics, the only legitimate taxa are

Answer 29

Monophyletic groups

Question 30

A few birds from a large mainland population are accidentally blown by a storm, and start a new population on a romote Island. Allele frequencies in the storm-blown birds were not representative of allele frequencies in the larger mainland population. This is an example of

Answer 30

The Founder Effect

Question 31

Mating pairs of a bird species produce four to five eggs per nest. Those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. What type of selection results in this?

Answer 31

Stabilizing selection

Question 32

What supports the Endosymbiont Theory of the evolutionary origin of eukarotic mitochondrian?

Answer 32

The mitochondrion has a a double membrane, the inner one related in composition to present day prokaryotic plasma membrane.

Question 33

The bones of the forelimbs of humans, dogs, birds and whales suggest that these species

Answer 33

All evolved from a common ancestor because of the homologous structures

Question 34

The biological species concept cannot be applies to two possibly distinct species that are

Answer 34

Exclusively asexual

Question 35

In modern biology, the best classification system is considered that which

Answer 35

Reflects evolutionary history

Question 36

Phylogeny is

Answer 36

The evolutionary history of taxa

Question 37

In a population of 100 individuals, the frequency distribution of domininant allele A is 0.4. there are 40 AA genotypes in the population. Is the population evolving?

Answer 37

Yes. The population is not at Hard-Weinberg equilibrium.

If it were, there would be 16 individuals

Question 38

What assumptions or observations are consistent with Darwin’s idea of natural selection?

Answer 38

Populations produce more offspring than their environment can support
Organisms vary in heritable ways
Organisms compete for limited resources
Heritable traits that promote successful reproduction should gradually become more common in a population

Question 39

In a population with two alleles as a set particular locus, A and a, the frequency of a is 0.3. Assuming the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of homozygous dominant?

Answer 39

(.7x.7)= .49

Question 40

The system of designating each species by a unique Latin binomial was created by

Answer 40

Linnaeus

Question 41

What were the prevailing ideas prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?

Answer 41

Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations of species are unchanging

Question 42

Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend?

Answer 42

3.5 billion years

Question 43

Darwin would have disagreed with the statement:

Answer 43

Evolution occurs through inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 44

What occurred in British populations of the peppered moth during progressive industrialization in the 19th century?

Answer 44

The light form became rare and the dark form became common.

Question 45

In what way are prokaryotes more successful on Earth than humans?

Answer 45

Prokaryotes are much more numerous and have more biomass
Prokaryotes occupy more diverse habitats
Prokaryotes are more diverse in metabolism

Question 46

The phylogenetic system goes:

Answer 46

King Philip Came Over From Germany Stoned

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species