Exam 1

Question 1

Impressions/Diagnosis

Answer 1

listed numerically in order of clinical significance. brief short statements

Question 2

Findings

Answer 2

written description of what you see in full sentence paragraph. Utilizing ABCS

Question 3

Odontoid Mach Affect

Answer 3

Looks like a transverse fracture

Question 4

Diagnosis: Burst (bursting) Fracture
Finding:

Answer 4

Lateral mass of atlas sits over the margin of C2 on both sides in A-P open mouth film. (four fractures)

Question 5

Cervical films are taking at either 72” or 40”. Which are the only two that are taking at 72”?

Answer 5

(Any film taken where there is an airgap between the patient and the film)
Lateral Cervical and Oblique Cervical

Question 6

On lateral cervical films we should be able to draw a line from the Clivus to:

Answer 6

Harris’ Ring

Question 7

Uncinate should not project superiorly beyond which part of the segment above?

Answer 7

Inferior margin (would indicate arthritic changes)

Question 8

Oblique films are named by:

Answer 8

The patient’s position against the box

Question 9

The ideal oblique film is which?

Answer 9

Anterior oblique for cervical (want to shoot into the concavity of the curve and the x-ray diverges)

Anterior recumbent for lumber

Question 10

Primary anatomy desired to see in Oblique film?

Answer 10

Pedicles and IVF: Cervical

Scotty Dog: Lumbar

Question 11

CAOS

Answer 11

Cervical anterior oblique same side

Question 12

2 things that can narrow IVF in cervicals

Answer 12

uncinate, superior articular process

Question 13

Cervical IVF is seen on:

Thoracic/Lumber IVF is seen on:

Answer 13

Oblique

Lateral

Question 14

If we cannot see T1 what should we name the vertabra that we think is T6 on the exam

Answer 14

mid thoracic

Question 15

Diagnosis/ Impression: Arthritic Changes

Findings:

Answer 15

Example.. Decreased in body height. Loss of definition of superior cortico bone and increased whiteness on anterior portion.

Question 16

Oblique Lumber Point of Interest

Answer 16

Scotty Dog

Question 17

Oblique Lumbar Patient Position

Answer 17

Anterior recumbent

Question 18

Scotty Dog Eyes

Answer 18

pedicle

Question 19

scotty dog ear

Answer 19

superior articular facet

Question 20

scotty dog nose

Answer 20

transverse process

Question 21

scotty dog neck

Answer 21

pars interarticularis

Question 22

scotty dog body

Answer 22

lamina

Question 23

scotty dog front leg

Answer 23

inferior articular process

Question 24

Normal Sella Turcica Measurements

Answer 24

16mm across, 12mm deep

Question 25

Martin's basilar angle reference points

Answer 25

nasion to center of sella to the basion

Question 26

Martin's Basilar Angle normal degree range

Answer 26

137-152 degrees

Question 27

What does a Martin's Basilar Angle detect if greater than 152 degrees?

Answer 27

Platybasia (flat base) | Congenital mal development of the sphenoid and/or occipital bones, bone softening disease

Question 28

Chamberlain's Line reference points:

Answer 28

Hard palate to the opisthion

Question 29

Chamberlain's Line detects:

Answer 29

basilar impression

Question 30

Basilar impression is detected with Chamberlain's line if the odontoid extends more than ____mm above this line

Answer 30

7

Question 31

McGregor's Line reference points:

Answer 31

hard palate to inferior occiput (longer than Chamberlain's)

Question 32

The odontoid should not extend _____mm-____mm above McGregor's line.

Answer 32

8-10

Question 33

Reasons for Basilar Invagination

Answer 33

Paget's disease Osteomalacia Fibrous dysplasia Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 34

When a segment is posterior relative to the segment below

Answer 34

Retrolisthesis

Question 35

When a segment is anterior relative to the segment below

Answer 35

Anterolisthesis aka spondylolesthis

Question 36

Normal measurement of ADI in adults

Answer 36

3 mm

Question 37

Normal measurement of ADI in children

Answer 37

5 mm

Question 38

Reference points for measuring the Atlantodental Interspace

Answer 38

posterior surface of anterior tubercle to anterior surface of odontoid

Question 39

MC cause of weak ADI

Answer 39

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 40

Causes of irregular measurement of ADI

Answer 40

``` Rheumatoid Arthritis Down Syndrome Trauma Inflammation Arthritis (Also consider flexion/extension views) ```

Question 41

Atlantoaxial "overhang" is common in _____, but suggests a fracture of atlas in ______

Answer 41

1 year old child | adults

Question 42

A burst fracture will injure which ligament

Answer 42

Transverse Ligament

Question 43

Cervical Lordosis depth Method average measurement

Answer 43

8-12 mm

Question 44

What reference points do we measure in the cervical lordosis depth method?

Answer 44

tip of odontoid to posterior surface of C7 (then measure the depth of C4) 8-10mm= hyperlordotic

Question 45

Normal measurement for Harrison posterior tangent method

Answer 45

34 degrees with 9 degrees of deviation. Measurement of hypo/hyperlordosis

Question 46

Ruth Jackson Stress lines should intersect at which levels during flexion?

Answer 46

C5/C6

Question 47

Ruth Jackson Stress Lines should intersect at which levels during extension?

Answer 47

C4/C5

Question 48

Ruth Jackson Stress Lines are drawn from the posterior aspects of which two vertebra?

Answer 48

C2 and C7

Question 49

Sagittal Canal Measurement Anterior line: Posterior line:

Answer 49

posterior vertebral body | spinolaminar line

Question 50

Sagittal Canal normal measurement

Answer 50

12-16mm | stenosis

Question 51

Retropharyngeal space normal measurement (at C2):

Question 52

Retrotracheal space normal measurement (at C6)

Question 53

Significance of pre-vertebral soft tissue spaces (retropharyngeal and retrotracheal spaces)

Answer 53

edema hemorrhage pus tumor

Question 54

How to find angle of thoracic spine kyphosis

Answer 54

2 lines drawn from superior endplate of T1 & inferior endplate of T12 Vertical perpendicular lines are then drawn and the angle of intersection should be near 30 degrees.

Question 55

How to figure out the angle of lumbar spine lordosis:

Answer 55

lateral lumbar film: 2 lines drawn along superior endplate of L1 and base of sacrum. Vertical perpendicular lines are then drawn to form an angle (normal 50-60 degrees

Question 56

How to find lumbosacral (Ferguson's Angle)

Answer 56

First line drawn across sacral base. Second line parellel to ground (or bottom of film) Angle 26-57 degrees.