Exam 1

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome.

1400-1600 C.E

Question 2

Single-Point Perspective

Answer 2

All lines focus on one point, vanishing point.

Example: The Last Supper by Leonardo

Question 3

Duomo

Answer 3

Word used to describe an Italian Cathedral

Question 4

Answer 4

Florence Cathedral Dome, 1418, Florence

Architect: Brunelleschi

Question 5

Answer 5

Foundling Hospital, 1419, Florence

Architect: Brunelleschi

Question 6

Answer 6

San Lorenzo, 1421, Florence

Architect: Brunelleschi

Question 7

Answer 7

Facade of S. Maria Novella, 1460, Florence

Architect: Alberti

Question 8

Answer 8

Sant’ Andrea, 1466, Mantua

Architect: Alberti

Question 9

Central Plan Church

Answer 9

churches tended to be centralized; that is, it was symmetrical about a central point, as is a circle, a square, or a Greek cross

Example: S. Maria Degli Angeli, Brunelleschi

Question 10

Greek Cross

Answer 10

A central plan church where each of the arms are of equal length

Question 11

Giant order

Answer 11

columns extend through more than one story

Question 12

Quions

Answer 12

an external angle of a wall or building

Question 13

Broken Pediment

Answer 13

a pediment, over a doorway or window, that has its raking cornice split down the middle

Question 14

Alberti’s definition of beauty

Answer 14

Beauty=perfection

“Beauty is at reason harmony of all the parts within a body so that nothing can be added, taken away, or altered but for the worse”

Question 15

Answer 15

Tempietto, 1508, Rome

Architect: Bramante

Question 16

Vasari on Michelangelo

Answer 16

Michelangelo believed that measure and proportion should be kept in one’s eyes.

“Eyeballing”

Not all about perfect circles and squares- breaking the rules

Question 17

Answer 17

Campidoglio, 1537, Capitaline Hill, Rome

Architect: Michelangelo

Question 18

Answer 18

New St. Peters, 1506-1666, Rome

Architects: Bramante, Raphael, Sangello, Michelangelo, della Porta, Maderno, Bernini

Question 19

Answer 19

Palazzo del Té, Mantua (1526

Architect: Giulio Romano “Joking Giulio”

Question 20

Who wrote the four books of architecture?

Answer 20

Palladio, 1570

Question 21

Mannerism

Answer 21

1520-1580 art and architecture that was playful - breaks the rules

Question 22

Answer 22

Villa Rotunda/Villa Capri, Vicenza, 1550

Achitect: Palladio

Question 23

Renaissance Man

Answer 23

Cultured man during the renaissance who is knowledgeable, educated and proficient in a wide range of fields

Eg. Bernini, architecture, sculpture, poet etc.

Question 24

How did Brunelleschi solve the Florence Cathedral Dome problem? (5)

Answer 24

1. Double shell, inner shell and outer shell with space in between
2. Has ribs on the outside
3. Herring bone brick pattern
4. Lantern on top that weighs it down and holds it all together
5. Wooden chain that held everything together

Question 25

How is Alberti's definition of beauty illustrated in his design of Sant' Andrea (9)

Answer 25

1. Central plan 2. beauty with the square 3. Fronted with a portico 4. elevated off the ground by a podium 5. freestanding building 6. Vaulting is white (purest color) 7. clerestory windows 8. Interior has sculptures instead of paintings 9. geometric rhythm on pavement

Question 26

Answer 26

Bramante's design of St Peters, 1506 Concept of a greek cross plan, heavily structured, smooth semicircular form

Question 27

Answer 27

Michelangelo design for St Peters, 1546 Similar to Bramante plan but has thicker piers, defines the entrance with a portico, designs the dome, overall a more open, simplified, unified design

Question 28

Answer 28

Maderno's design for St Peters, 1607 Basilica put infront of the church and adds an elongated nave. The dome isn't as prominent as Michelangelo would have wanted.

Question 29

Discuss the development of St Peters over 1000 years and who favored central plan vs longitudinal plan

Answer 29

1. Bramante,1506: Central plan, complex, piers too small, alter couldnt be seen 2. Raphael, 1515: Central plan, Structural issues, more about the drawings (elevations etc) 3. Sangallo 1539: Longitudinal plan, elaborated a different order, still a sense of central planning. 4. Michelangelo 1546: central plan, refers back to Bramantes plan, makes piers thicker, adds a portico entrance, more open and simplified, introduces the giant order,designs the dome 5. Della Porta 1573: central plan, designs the dome- makes the dome taller and similar to Florence Dome 6. Maderno 1607: Longitudinal plan, wins competition to do the facade, puts basilica in front, elongated the nave, dome is not visable from the front.

Question 30

How did Michelagelo's art and architecture break the proportional renissance rules

Answer 30

He didnt follow exact measurements, he eyeballed things. He manpulated scale to make things more pleasing to the eye or to represent something. Eg. Pieta - sculpture of Mary holding Jesus, she looks huge compared to Jesus even though he is 30 years old then.

Question 31

Why is Giulio Romano called Joking Giulio

Answer 31

Because of his playfulness with architecture. He plays with classical designs. Eg. Palazzo del Te: Manipulates beams, bigger keystones, broken pediments, mixed up textures

Question 32

How is Palladio's architecture similar and different from early renissance architecture?

Answer 32

Similar: Use of circles and squares- proportional harmony, followed Alberti's concepts of freestanding, portico, central plan, Different: Theatrical especially in paintings and interiors. Eg. Villa Rotundra

Question 33

Why did Pope Sixtus V attempt to modernize Rome?

Answer 33

1. Improve circulation through the streets for pilgrams. Major streets were designed to lead them past important church sites 2. revived wood and silk industries - employment opportunities 3. Stopped selling indulgences

Question 34

How does Baroque architecture differ from renissance architecture

Answer 34

Baroque: Ambiguity, variety, contrasts, overal effect, emotional response, ornate, dynamic, dramtic, asymmetry Renissance: Clarity, uniformity, regularity, specific relationship of people, no emotional response, rationalism, natural, symmetry

Question 35

How did Baroque architecture reflect the churches mission during the counter reformation?

Answer 35

it was a response to the Protestant reformation, emotional response used to bring people back to the church, appeal to common people, all about drama and theatrical qualities- visually appealing

Question 36

Gesamtkunstwerk

Answer 36

Total work of art- embracing all forms of art

Question 37

Answer 37

Piazzo S. Pietro,1656, Rome Architect: Bernini

Question 38

Answer 38

S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, 1658 Architect: Bernini

Question 39

Answer 39

S. Carlo alle Quatro Fontane, Rome, 1634 Architect: Borromini