Exam 1 Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
How many animal species in the world?
A
approx 1.5 million
15,000 species of mammals
2
Q
Veal Calf
A
A bovine 0-3 months of age
3
Q
Slaughter Calf
A
A bovine 3-9 months
4
Q
Bull
A
An intact male bovine
5
Q
Stag
A
A castrated male bovine after development
6
Q
Bullock
A
An intact male 24 months or younger
7
Q
Steer
A
A castrated male bovine
8
Q
Cow
A
A female bovine that has produced 2+ calves
9
Q
Heiferette
A
A female bovine that has produced 1 calf
10
Q
Heifer
A
A female bovine that has no calves
11
Q
Spay Heifer
A
An overectomized heifer
12
Q
Rooster
A
Poultry
An intact male
13
Q
Capon
A
Poultry
A castrated male
14
Q
Hen
A
Poultry
A female producing eggs
Also a female turkey
15
Q
Pullet
A
Poultry
An immature female
16
Q
Broiler
A
Poultry
A chicken raised to be eaten
17
Q
Tom
A
Poultry
a male turkey
18
Q
Barrow
A
Porcine
A castrated male
19
Q
Gilt
A
A female porcine that has had no piglets
20
Q
Sow
A
Female porcine that has had piglets
21
Q
Boar
A
An intact male porcine
22
Q
Stag
A
Porcine
A male castrated after development
23
Q
Weaner
A
Porcine
A young weanling pig
24
Q
Ram
A
An intact male ovine
25
Wether
A castrated male ovine
26
Ewe lamb
A young female that has no young
27
Yearling
Ovine
| 12-24 months of age
28
Ewe
A female ovine that has young
29
Kid
Caprine
| Baby goat
30
Wether
Caprine
| A castrated caprine
31
Doe
Female ovine with 1+ kids
32
Buck
An intact male ovine
33
Stud
An intact male horse
34
Ridgeling
A cryptorchid male horse
35
Gelding
A castrated male horse
36
Mare
A female horse over 3 years
37
Filly
A female horse under 3 years
38
Colt
A male horse under 3 years
39
Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (LAWA)
1966
Prevented theft of cats and dogs
Registration limited facilities of dogs/cats
holding areas only
only records of acquisition required
Developed 8 areas of minimum standards
-housing, feeding, watering, sanitation, shelter, separation of species, ventilation, adequate vet care
40
Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
```
1970
Extension to the lab
Report # of animals by pain categories
Require appropriate use of anesthetics
Include standards for animal transport
Include all warm blooded
Applies to any live or dead warm blooded animal which is being used, or is in research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes or as a pet
```
41
What is IACUC?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
| Make sure one isn't experimenting on animals for no good reason
42
Who needs to be certified for IACUC?
Investigator must submit written protocol
-describes animal use
-justification for study and animal #s
Protocol is only valid for a limited time and only for # of animals requested
-animal use and #s monitored by UAC
43
Inbreeding
breeding of animals more closely related than average
44
Linebreeding
breeding of animal to common ancestor, not closely related
45
Outbreeding
System of mating animals less closely related than the average for the breed
-same breeds sometimes have different characteristics
46
Crossbreeding
Mating animals of different breeds
47
Heterosis
AKA hybrid vigor
when the heterozygote of the breed crosses are more productive
-offspring superior to parents
48
Genes
a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. Consists of DNA
49
Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Alternate form of that gene
50
Chromosome
Long, circular DNA molecule
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
51
How many chromosomes do animal species have?
```
Turkeys: 41
Chickens: 39
Horses: 32
Donkeys: 31
Goats & Cattle: 30
Sheep: 27
Humans: 23
Swine: 19
```
52
Gestation times
```
Period of pregnancy from fertilization to parturition
Elephant: 600-660
Llama: 340-345
Mare: 337 (335-342)
Cattle: 282 (279-284)
Women: 266
Sheep & Goat: 145-150
Sow: 114
Bitch: 63-63
Queen: 63
Rabbit: 28-35
```
53
Cryptorchidism
```
one (unilateral: can still reproduce) of the testes does not descend into the scrotum
OR
Both (bilateral: can still reproduce but not as reliable) of the testes do not descend into the scrotum
```
54
Four parts of the estrus cycle
Proestrus
Estrus
Metestrus
Diestrus
55
Proestrus
CL regression
Increased FSH
-stimulates follicular growth on ovary which then starts producing estrogen
56
Estrus
Period of sexual receptivity
- can be affected by temperature, humidity, and stress
- -mare has the most variable estrus period 2-12 days
57
Metestrus
Starts as ovulation commences
"Metestrus bleeding"
-occurs 90% heifers & 45% cows
-caused by breakage of uterine capillaries that become fragile from estrogen effects
-only sign estrus has passed
-may see blood mucus on tail/pin region
-LH stimulates CL formation post-ovulation
58
Diestrus
Cl is fully functional
| Produces progesterone by day 8
59
Four compartments to ruminant stomach
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
60
Reticulum
mixing
| bypass in nursing young
61
rumen
```
fermentation of food
Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA)
-acetate
-butyrate
-propionate
```
62
Omasum
Absorbs or pulls out water
| VFA absorption
63
Abomasum
True stomach
Enzymatic digestion
-aka chemical digestion (HCl)
64
What animals are monogastrics (non-ruminant)?
dogs, horses, rabbits, rats
65
What animals are ruminants?
cattle, sheep, goats
66
What does saliva do?
Lubricates food
Dissolves food and allows taste
Cleanses mouth & prevents decay
Lysozyme kills bacteria
