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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Distress

A

Individual is bothered by particular experience

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2
Q

Deviance

A

Behavior that goes against social norms

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3
Q

Disability/dysfunction

A

Individual is disadvantaged or impaired (unable to work or care for themself or others)

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4
Q

Danger

A

To self or others

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5
Q

Abnormal behavior

A

Symptom pattern at any given point in time that may cause distress or impairment and may violate social norms (exaggerated form)
Anxiety
Depression
Paranoia

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6
Q

Stone Age

A

Practiced trephining, cut holes in the skull allowing the evil spirit an easy exit

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7
Q

Early Egypt

A

Brain defect or magic or incantation

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8
Q

Rise of demonology

A

Evil beings live within a person and control their bought and actions

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9
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of modern medicine
Mental illness caused by brain abnormalities
Abnormality caused by imbalances if bodily fluid
Melancholia
Mania
Brain fever

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10
Q

Phillip Pinel

A

Espoused a moral treatment
Compassionate treatment could serve as. Cure
Let them exercise and enjoy light

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11
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

Father of American psychiatry
Hired sensitive and intelligent people to work with patients
Practiced bloodletting

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12
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

American school teacher who followed Pinels lead
Improved the treatment conditions of the mentally ill
Helped build 32 hospitals

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13
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

Move from inpatient to outpatient care

Large reliance on state funded mental health centers, led to homelessness and jail, they were abandoned

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14
Q

Prevention

A

Interventions that deter mental illness
Alternative medicine
Positive psychology

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15
Q

Multicultural psychology

A

Understanding different cultures and how they relate to mental illness
Some minorities do not improve in treatments

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16
Q

Etiology

A

What cause abnormality

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17
Q

Goals

A

How can we help

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18
Q

Methods

A

What is going to work best

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19
Q

Biological (medical) model

A

Faulty brain structure, imbalance, abnormality

Biological treatment to correct these organic problems

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20
Q

Examples of biological treatments

A

Psycho pharmacology
Surgery, lobotomy, lesions
Electro convulsive shock therapy

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21
Q

Closer genetics

A

Higher likelihood of having disorder
1st degree relatives of patients w/ schizophrenia = have 4 times more likely
1st degree relatives of patients w/ depression=3x more likely

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22
Q

Diathesis- stress model

A

Medical model that considers the influence of the environment
Biological predispositions x environmental stress
Protective factors and resiliency impact whether or not a person will get a disorder however great their diathermy

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23
Q

Cognitive behavioral model

A

Abnormal behavior is result of faulty cognitions and unhealthy behaviors

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24
Q

Cognitions

A

Scheme, distortions, attributions

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25
Scheme
Underlying representation of knowledge that influences how we think about things and make sense of events
26
Distortions
Faulty thinking patterns that reflect thinking errors | Ex. All or nothing, crystal ball
27
Attributions
Assigning a casual explanation to some event
28
Behaviors
Behaviors come to reflect the cognitions | Ex. Self defeating behaviors, self fulfilling behaviors
29
Albert Ellis
``` Cognitive behavioral therapy Think is effected by behavior Used more philosophy We disturb ourselves Musterbation- I must do this A person will repeat negative statements in their mind when things go wrong ```
30
Necks cognitive therapy
Persons ability to process info will be pessimistic Behaviors will correspond with negative thinking Beck asserts the cognitive triad- self, world, future
31
Signing Freud
Psychoanalytic perspective Proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality Conscious, preconscious, unconscious
32
Conscious
Thoughts you are aware of
33
Preconscious
Retrievable info
34
Unconscious
Thoughts we are not aware of
35
Other Freudian perspectives
Also advocates that we should not take things at face value | Unconscious is the most powerful controller
36
ID
Energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives. Pleasure principle
37
Ego
Sees to gratify the ID in realistic ways. Reality principle
38
Superego
Voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave
39
Behavioral and learning model
Symptom/ behavior is problem Paradigm therapy is supported by classical conditioning, operant conditioning, two factor model, modeling or observational learning
40
Classical conditioning
Neutral stimulus is paired w/ an unconditional stimulus that produces an unconditional response
41
Operant conditioning
Behavior is learned when something reinforces the behavior
42
4 D's
Distress Deviance Disability/dysfunction Danger
43
Prevención
Interventions that deter mental illness | Primary, tertiary, secondary
44
DSM
* Published by the American Psychiatric Association * Primarily used in the United States * Gold standard for diagnosis * Includes information only on mental illnesses * Symptom pattern, possible etiologies, prevalence, course •Does not provide treatment recommendations
45
Pod royal
Early symptoms of a disorder
46
What is categorical
Cross a certain threshold and you have it,mthe DSM is categorical
47
Axis 1
Not permanent disorder
48
Axis 2
Disorder you cannot recover from
49
Axis 3
General medical (diabetes)
50
Axis 4
Psycho social behaviors
51
Axis 5
Global rating
52
Clinical assessment
* Formal approach to understanding a person * Results are used to diagnose and treat an individual * Psychologists use a variety of techniques to assess cognitive, emotional, personality, and behavioral variables
53
Reliability
Same results over and over again
54
Validity
Get the answer you are looking for you can have reliability without validity
55
Assessment
Guided by referral question Used to confirm and rule out diagnosis Includes documentation of symptoms, distress, and possible pitcome
56
Psychological assessment and clinical interviews
Structure varies by purpose, setting, style of the interviewer Increased structure improves reliability Clinician pays attention to the process as well as content of responses
57
Psychological tests
Standardized tests normed on spec populations , beck depression inventory
58
Clinical observations
systemic way to observe people in a variety of settings.
59
Naturalistic
Natural environment
60
Structured
Role playing clinician sets it up
61
Self monitoring
Dr. Schule phone usage keeping track of self
62
Personality inventories
An inventory that asks a person about their behavior, feelings, and beliefs Respondents to rate how well each statement applies to them Most widely used Minnesota multiphasic personality (MMP) Produces profile to help understand and predict future behavior
63
Intelligence testing
Battery of tests to assess verbal and nonverbal abilities Score is based on a ratio of their mental age chronological age times 100 Helps to diagnose intellectual disabilities below 70 Pro: high reliability and validity Cons: does not account for situational factors Help assess brain H
64
Neurological & | Neuropsychological Assessment
* Neuropsychological Evaluations * Brain imaging * Neurochemical Assessment
65
Neuropsychological evaluations
Assesses cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance | Assess behavioral disturbances thought to arise from brain dysfunction
66
Brain imaging
PET, fMRI, MRI
67
Neurochemical assessment
Postmortem studies look at the amounts of a neurotransmitter found in specific brain regions Indirect assessment via analysis of metabolites of neurotransmitters in bodily fluid
68
What is stress
Reaction to situations when appropriate coping strategies are not available
69
PTSD etiology
``` Tendencies toward neg. affect Lower SES Lower social support Early childhood trauma Neurological emanations Two factor model ```
70
Post traumatic stress disorder
Extreme response to a severe stress or that is associated with a trauma
71
Symptoms of PTSD
Re experience trauma Avoidance Reduced responsiveness. increased arousal or guilt
72
Treatment for anxiety and stress disorders
Systematic desensitization SD Prolonged exposure Cognitive behavioral conjoint therapy Medical treatment for PRSD
73
Systematic desensitization
Construct fear hierarchy (imaginal vs vivo) Identify safety behaviors Have individual move up hierarchy Decrease use of safety behaviors
74
Prolonged exposure
Construct trauma narrative Identify avoidance behaviors Use in vivo and imaginal exposure to decrease arousal to federal activities Teach more adaptive ways to coping
75
Cognitive behavioral conjoint therapy
``` Education about ptsd Rebuild trust Increase communication skills Reduce avoidance and accommodating behaviors Practice unstuck ```
76
UNSTUCK
``` Units and curios Noticing thoughts Brainstorm alternatives Test alternatives Use most balanced alternative Change attitude and behavior Keep practicing ```
77
Medical treatment for ptsd
Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors will decrease negative affect Praxis on decreases prevalence of dreams Sleep aid will decrease highly arousal
78
Ellis
Musterbation | You can choose to be happy
79
Beck
Negative triad self, world, and future

Abnormal Psychology (2 decks)

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