microsystem
personal relationships
mesosystem
relationship btwn microsystem (ex. how your parents and teacher get along)
exosystem
institutions, how other microsystems effect me (ex. parents workplace)
macrosystem
attitudes, ideas of culture
who came up with influences on development?
Bronfenbrenner
chronosystem
historical events that happen over lifetime
true or false: race is a social construction
true
norm
standard for particular population
head sparing
is something slows weight gain, nature slows growth of body but not brain
neurons
connects communication in central nervous system
cortex
houses neurons, where most brain activity occurs
prefrontal cortex
area for anticipation, planning, impulse
axons and dendrites
connects neurons
synapses
intersection between axons of one neuron to dendrites of another
neurotransmitters
chemical that carries info from axon of sending neuron to dendrites of receiving neuron
synaptic gap
between axon and dendrite, where info passes over
transient exuberance
early dendrite growth
pruning
process in which unused/extra axons and dendrites die, loss of dendrites increases brain power
self-righting
inborn drive to fix a deficit (ex. standing up after being tipped over)
sensation
when sensory system detects stimulus
perception
occurs when brain processes a sensation
cognition
when people think about what they have percieved
Piaget
sensorimotor
colostrium
thick high calorie fluid produced in breast
wasting
underweight bc of malnutrition
cross sectional
seperated by age
longitudinal
follow same people over time
cross sequential
combining cross sectional and longitudinal
multidirectional development
development does not always go forward
multicontextual development
impacted by different contexts
plastic development
adaptable, malliable
genes
segments of DNA
genotype
genetic composition
phenotype
physical manifestation of genetic composition
social construction
idea based on shared perceptions
active
child seeks activities that match genetic ability (ex. child wants to play soccer because they are genetically active0
passive
child is put in situation that so happens to match genetic ability (ex. parents put child on soccer team and turns out that they are very good)
evocative
childs behavior evokes response (ex. child is always running around so parents put him on soccer team)
germinal period
first two weeks, rapid growth
embryonic period
two-eight weeks, development of body and brain, all organs except sex organs
fetal period
nine weeks-birth, sex organs, CV system, brain develops more
age of viability
about 22 weeks, age at which brain is developed enough to live outside womb
teratogen
any agent that can cause harm to development
synaptogenesis
process of forming synapses/ connections
assimilation
experiences are interpreted to fit into old ideas
accommodation
old ideas are reconstructed to fit new experience
synchrony
coordinated exchange of responses between caregiver and infant
social referencing
seeking info about how to react by looking at others