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Psychology 160 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Mesosystem

A

Relationships within Microsystem

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2
Q

Exosystem

A

Institutions, how other Microsystems effect me

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3
Q

Macrosystem

A

Attitudes and ideas of culture

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4
Q

Chronosystem

A

Historical events that happen over lifetime

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5
Q

Head sparing

A

If something slows weight gain, nature slower growth of body but not brain

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6
Q

Neurons

A

Connects communication within central nervous system

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7
Q

Cortex

A

Houses neurons where most thinking, feeling, sending occur

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8
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Are for Planning, anticipation

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9
Q

Axons and dendrites

A

Connects neurons

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10
Q

Synapses

A

Intersection between axon of one neuron and dendrites of another

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11
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical that carries info from axon of sending neuron to dendrites of receiving neuron

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12
Q

Synaptic gap

A

Where info passes between axon and dendrite

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13
Q

Transient exuberance

A

Early dendrite growth

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14
Q

Pruning

A

Unused dendrites die

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15
Q

Sensation

A

Sensory system detects stimulus

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16
Q

Perception

A

Brain processes sensation

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17
Q

Cognition

A

When you think about what you perceived

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18
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Large movements

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19
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Small body movements

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20
Q

Colostrum

A

Thick high calorie fluid produced in breast

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21
Q

Stunting

A

Not growing full height due to malnutrition

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22
Q

Wasting

A

Being underweight because of malnutrition

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23
Q

Correlation is not ___

A

Causation

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24
Q

Cross sectional study

A

Separated by age

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25
Longitudinal study
Follow same people over long time period
26
Cross sequential
Combining different age groups and period of time
27
Plastic development
Able to adjust, adapt
28
DNA organized into segments called __
Genes
29
How many total chromosome pairs?
23
30
Genotype
Genetic composition
31
Social construction
An idea based on shared perceptions
32
Active interaction
Child focuses on activities that match genetic ability (child seeks out activity themselves)
33
Passive interaction
Childs activity so happens to match genetic ability (parents sign them up for sports and they happen to be good)
34
Evocative interaction
Childs behavior evokes a response (child is always running around house so parents sign them up for sports)
35
Teratogen
Any agent that can cause harm to development
36
Synaptogenesis
Process of forming connections
37
Assimilation
Experiences interpreted to fit old ideas
38
Accommodation
Old ideas reconstructed to fit new experiences
39
Social referencing
Seeking info about how to react by observing others
40
Secure attachment
Comfort from presence of caregiver
41
Insecure avoidant attachment
Avoids connection w caregiver, doesn't care about departure or return of caregiver
42
Insecure resistant/ ambivalent
Anxiety, conflicted, both resists and seeks attention from caregiver
43
Disorganized attachment
Inconsistent behavior to care givers departure and return
44
Amygdala
In limbic system, processes emotions
45
Goodness of fit
How well temperament matches environment
46
Centration
Only focusing on one aspect of issue
47
Egocentrism
Thinking everyone thinks/sees what you do
48
Static reasoning
Can't understand change
49
Irreversibility
Can't understand when things can or cannot be restored to original state
50
Policeman Task
Hughes, proved kids are not as egocentric as Piaget thought
51
Microsystem
Personal relationships
52
Vygotsky's beliefs
Child is "apprentice", children learn from tasks that are first performed with others, knowledge is socially constructed
53
Zone of proximal development
Difference between what one can do on their own vs. with help
54
Scaffolding
Help is given as needed
55
Cultural tool
Tools for thinking, help communicate, change by culture, (ex. Numbers, language)
56
Both Piaget and Vygotsky believed __
Play is important for children to learn
57
Theory-theory
Children naturally form theories about how the world works
58
Theory of mind
Persons theory about how other people think
59
Initiative
Being able to make decisions and do things for myself
60
Emotional regulation
Ability to control how and when emotions are expressed
61
Effortful control
Ability to control ones behavior and to achieve an outcome
62
Self esteem
Persons overall evaluation of self worth
63
Self concept
Persons understand of who they are, includes self esteem, appearance
64
Protective optimism
Young children believe they can do difficult things, positive self image
65
Psychoanalytic theory
Freud, we identify w same sex parents, mirror the way same sex parents interpret gender
66
Learning theories of gender
Children are rewarded or punished for behaving in certain way, children learn by observing others
67
Authoritarian
Strict, not much warmth, high expectation of maturity
68
Permissive parenting
High warmth and rare discipline
69
Authoritative
High warmth, moderate discipline, lots of discussion and communication
70
Psychological control
Parents try to evoke feelings of guilt and shame in children
71
Induction
Try to draw behavior out of child using explanation
72
Resilience
Ability to overcome adversity and adapt well to stress
73
Working memory
Where info is held until we do something with it
74
Metacognition
Thinking about thinking, planning
75
Self efficacy
Belief in ability to do things

Psychology 160 (3 decks)

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