Exam 1 Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

legal document issued by the government giving the holder exclusive rights to use, make, and sell a process, product, or device for a specified period of time

A

patents

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2
Q

market at which shares of ownership in corporation are bought and sold

A

stock exchange

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3
Q

products such as food and clothing that fill the needs and wants of individuals

A

consumer goods

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4
Q

strategy of business growth that attempts to stifle competition by combining more than one firm involved in the same level of production, transportation, or distribution into a single firm

A

horizontal combination (horizontal integration)

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5
Q

business arrangement in which owners of shares in a business turn over over their shares “in trust” to a board with power to control those businesses for the benefit of the trust

A

trust

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6
Q

philosophy of social economic organization in which the means of producing and distributing goods are owned collectively or by government

A

socialism

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7
Q

court order requiring individuals or groups to participate in or refrain from a certain action

A

injunction

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8
Q

differed from earlier arrivals from northern and western Europe; these newcomers came from eastern and southern Europe and were largely non-Protestant: Catholics, Jews, and Russian Orthodox Christians

A

“new” immigrants

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9
Q

building often in disrepair and usually five or six stories in height, in which cheap apartments were rented to tenants

A

tenement

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10
Q

hierarchical political organization developed in the nineteenth century that controlled the activities of a political party and was usually headed by a political boss

A

political machine

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11
Q

social reform effort that used neighborhood centers in which settlement house workers lived and worked among the poor, often in slum neighborhoods

A

settlement house

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12
Q

reform movement, begun in the 1820s, to restrain the sale and use of alcohol

A

temperance movement

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13
Q

schools that trained teachers, usually for two years and mostly for teaching in the elementary grades

A

normal schools

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14
Q

in elections, a candidate who receives a plurality wins more votes than any other candidate but less than half of all votes cast. receiving more than half of the votes cast is called a majority

A

plurality

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15
Q

political outlook that supports the rights and powers of the common people in opposition to the interests of the privileged elite

A

populism

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16
Q

acquisition of control over the government and the economy of another nation, usually by conquest

17
Q

theories of warfare and trade that rely on a nation’s navy as a principal instrument of policy

18
Q

brand of newspaper reporting that stresses excitement and shock over even-handedness and dull fact

A

yellow journalism

19
Q

geographic region beyond its border over which a nation exerts political or economic control

A

sphere of influence

20
Q

Centennial Election 1876

A

Southern democrat Tilden won popular vote, but republican Hayes took the White House-South angry; comprise to please south and help bring them into 19th century; symbolized new direction-practicality of economic growth, practicality of business growth, practicality of industrial capitalism

21
Q

Theory of Creative Destruction

A

50 year cycle of boom and bust; Joseph Schumpeter’s idea of thriving during new innovations (boom), but whatever was replaced goes out of profit and drags economy down (bust)

22
Q

Adam Smith

A

wrote The Wealth of Nations; if businesses succeed/act in their own best interest, then the economy as a whole will profit

23
Q

a doctrine opposing governmental interference in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary for the maintenance of peace and property rights

A

laissez–faire

24
Q

biggest corporate merger of the era; greatest triumph came in steel-formed United States Steel Corporation after buying out 8 of Carnegie’s competitors (this holding company produced nearly 2/3 of all American steel-country’s first billion dollar corporation)

25
business arrangements that set quotas on production, supply
pools
26
"rebates." Means that everyone else pays the listed price, but Rockefeller pays that price but with rebate.
kickbacks
27
led the way in steel; built the biggest steel mill in the world in the midst of a severe depression; move from railroad building to city building; succeeded, in part, by taking advantage of the boom and bust business cycle; mastered vertical and horizontal integration
Andrew Carnegie
28
term for "melting pot" description of US immigration
instant civilization
29
term for "nation of nations" description of US immigration
pluralistic integration
30
subtreasury plan
where farmers could create artificial scarcity; face low interest loans-expanding the money supply; free and unlimited coinage of silver; debt would remain constant with mild inflation; **idea was to expand and contract resources depending on demand
31
conservative when it came to money matters (hard money man); believed silver was a mistake; won election 1892 against Weaver (Populist)
President Cleveland (Democrat)
32
gold or silver debate; confirmed a normal majority party in America again
1896 election
33
Republican candidate in 1896 election that favored gold
McKinley
34
Democratic candidate in 1896 election that favored silver
Bryan
35
political party associated with URBAN population
Republican
36
political party associated with RURAL population (South and West)
Democrat