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Journalism 3745 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Characteristics of culture

A

Specific, socialization, subcultures, shared, change

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2
Q

Mass Media as Cultural Storytellers

A
  • A culture’s values and beliefs reside in the stories it tells
  • Our stories help define our realities, shaping the way that we think, feel and act.
  • Audience responsibility – question story tellers, interpret meanings and what they say about our culture and us.
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3
Q

Mass Communication as Cultural Forum

A
  • Mass media has become a primary forum for the debates in our culture.
  • The loudest voices have the most power.
  • Where should the power reside? Media or audiences or others (advertisers)?
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4
Q

6 Different definitions of popular culture

A
  1. Quantitative
  2. High vs. Low Culture
  3. Mass Culture
  4. Folk Culture
  5. Gramsci-Hegemony-Struggle
  6. Postmodern Culture
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5
Q

Characteristics of popular culture

A
  1. Origin
  2. Motivation
  3. Diffusion-locally, nationally, globally
  4. Shelf-Life (short)
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6
Q

High culture scholars’ perspective

A
  • “elite” intellectuals
  • identify popular culture as low culture (mass produced)
  • only the few can only enjoy pop culture
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7
Q

Popular culture scholars’ perspective

A
  • High vs. Low Culture
  • Criteria
  • Access
  • Divide vs. Unite
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8
Q

Edifying Impulse

A

Wanting to expose people to what is good for them (good culture)
Pop culture = dumbing down the masses

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9
Q

Steven Johnson’s perspective

A

Everything Bad Is Good For You

  • Popular culture is NOT dumbing us down
  • Then vs. Now
  • Narrative complexity
  • Cognitive complexity
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10
Q

5 Media Trends

A
  1. Media Fragmentation
  2. Concentration of Ownership
  3. Mass Media Conglomerates
  4. Cross-Media Ownership
  5. Globalization
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11
Q

Stages from creator to consumers

A
  • Production
  • Distribution
  • Exhibition (movie theaters, book stores, streaming services)
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12
Q

Political Economy Perspective

A

Find answer

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13
Q

Vertical Integration (definition, benefits, and concerns)

A 
Definition:
-Managing each stage of the production process
-Core interests
-Example (book)
Benefits:
-Product control
-Cost control
-Competitive advantage
Concerns:
-Lack of diversity of what is presented, financial risk
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14
Q

Horizontal Integration (definition, benefits, and concerns)

A 
Definition:
-Cross-media ownership
Benefits:
-Synergy
-Most conglomerates engage both in vertical & horizontal integration
Concerns:
-Creators
-Smaller Independents
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15
Q

Synergy

A

The dynamic where components of a company work together to produce benefits that would be impossible for a single, separately operated unit of the company

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16
Q

Conglomerates - consequences

A

Benefits: more control, more profitable, better products (for customers)
Concern for smaller companies:
-Kept out of the industry
Concern for consumers:
-Control everything we see - lots of power

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17
Q

Problems facing Nielsen

A

Clarity?

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18
Q

Advertiser’s consumer segment and Network TV Show’s audience

A

They correlate

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19
Q

Audience sold as commodity

A

-Media produce (attract) an audience to sell it to advertisers.

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20
Q

Commodification

A

The process whereby a product, a person, etc. is transformed into an object that is available for sale for a profit.

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21
Q

How networks view audiences

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A
  • Networks need to think about what type’s of audiences their shows attract because these are the audiences they’re selling to advertisers.
  • Screenwriter –> Networks –> Advertisers
  • Advertisers –> Networks –> Screenwriter
22
Q

Hyper-Commercialism (definition and consequences)

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A

Definition:
-Heavy bombardment of advertising messages (advertising clutter) in the media.
-Media are more concerned about pleasing advertisers (increasing ratings to attract advertisers) than about producing good quality TV shows or informative news
Consequences:
-High quality shows with low ratings
-High quality shows with high ratings but wrong audiences
-Low quality shows with high ratings and right audiences

23
Q

Audience as a Labor Force

Study These Flashcards
A

The audience works for the media companies – In return for the audience watching the commercials, the media companies pay the audiences by giving them free TV.

24
Q

Trends

Study These Flashcards
A

Convergence – advertising, branding, and entertainment

25
Why is convergence happening?
- Audience fragmentation (multiple platforms) | - Ad-avoidance
26
Product integration
One type of embedded advertising
27
Characteristics of embedded advertisng
- Paid - Credibility - Agencies
28
Intended effects of product placement
- Mere exposure - Association - Brand Awareness, Recall - Create Realism (increased authenticity of the content) - Revenue stream for production
29
Unintended effects of product placement
- Story content may be compromised - Suspension of disbelief disrupted - Reactance (if people know they're being controlled, there's backlash) - Controversial products (smoking, alcohol, etc.)
30
Issues with product placement
- Persuasion Knowledge Model: traditional advertising vs. product placement (fewer defense mechanisms) - Fewer cognitive resources dedicated to processing - Mere exposure (familiarity) leads to persuasion
31
Proponents of increased regulation
- Includes the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW), and Commercial Alert (nonprofit organization). - Commercial Alert's Mission: keep the commercial culture within its proper sphere, and to prevent it from exploiting children and subverting the higher values of family, community, environmental integrity, and democracy. - Offered different suggestions, for mandatory disclosure of product placement.
32
Media-as-Shaper approach
Media content changes our culture and society
33
Media-as-Mirror approach
Media content reflects our culture and society
34
Direct (bullet) effect
Media --> Behavior Message --> Attitude --> Behavior People don't even think about it; they just react
35
Limited effects
- Selective exposure - Media --> Opinion Leaders --> Attitudes --> Behavior - People believed media had no effect
36
Indirect effects
Message --> Cognitive --> Attitudes --> Behavior
37
Cultivation Theory
Message --> Cognitive --> Attitudes --> Behavior - Repeated exposure - Believed the world was more violent than it actually was
38
Uses & Gratification Model
``` Assumptions: 1. Audience is active - media use is goal-oriented 2. People are aware of their needs and actively use media to fulfill them. Functions of media: -enjoyment/entertainment -surveillance -information/interpretation -companionship -social identity -personal identity ```
39
Encoded meaning
What the creator of a message intended it to mean
40
Decoded meaning
What the audience understands of a message
41
Vulnerable consumer
(children) - limited personal experience - limited persuasion knowledge - counterarguments - parents provide context
42
Active consumer
- active receiver | - relatively more cognitive
43
Arousal
excitement - heightened arousal states
44
Imitation
observational learning
45
Desensitization
less sympathetic
46
Disinhibition
less inhibited due to social sanctions (norms)
47
Catharsis
vent aggressive impulses
48
Public Welfare Frame
They believe violence has an indirect effect on attitudes and behavior
49
First Amendment Frame
Argue there's no direct relationship between violent content and behavior
50
Regulating TV Violence (problems)
1. Defining violent content 2. Determining what to regulate 3. Free speech 4. Failure to use ratings & V-Chips 5. Concern regarding empirical research results

Journalism 3745 (3 decks)

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