Exam 1

Question 1

peer review

Answer 1

• also “refereed judging”

- when experts and editors rigorously evaluate a manuscript submitted for publication

Question 2

PICOT

Answer 2

• used to formulate EBP questions:
• Patient population or condition of interest
• Intervention of interest
• Comparison of interest
• Outcome of interest
• Time

Question 3

primary source

Answer 3

original info presented by the person or people responsible for creating it

Question 4

secondary source

Answer 4

commentaries, summaries, reviews or interpretations of primary sources; often written by those not involved in the original work

Question 5

scholarly literature

Answer 5

works written and edited by professionals in the discipline for other colleagues

Question 6

trade literature

Answer 6

works written for professionals in a discipline using a more casual tone that used in scholarly literature

Question 7

popular literature

Answer 7

works written to inform or entertain the general public

Question 8

periodical

Answer 8

resource that is published on a set schedule

Question 9

journal

Answer 9

scholarly or professional source

Question 10

magazine

Answer 10

targeted to the general reading audience, not necessarily reliable

Question 11

narrative review

Answer 11

reviews based on common or uncommon elements of works without concern for research methods, designs, or settings; traditional literature review

Question 12

integrative review

Answer 12

a scholarly paper that synthesizes published studies to answer questions about phenomena of interest

Question 13

meta-analysis

Answer 13

a scholarly paper that combines results of studies, both published and unpublished, into a measureable format and statistically estimates the effects of proposed interventions

Question 14

systematic reviews

Answer 14

rigorous and systematic syntheses of research findings about a clinical problem

Question 15

homogenous data vs heterogenous data

Answer 15

• homogenous has little variability; you always want it to be homogenous in a randomized control trial
• heterogenous has a wide variability

Question 16

range

Answer 16

• dif between max and min values in a data set
• considered an unstable measure be it is very sample-specific
• smaller range=more uniform data
• larger the range=more variable

Question 17

semiquartile range

Answer 17

range of the middle 50% of the data

Question 18

percentile

Answer 18

measure of rank

Question 19

standard deviation

Answer 19

based on deviations from the mean of the data- used to determine the number of data values that fall within a specific interval in a normal distribution

Question 20

z-scores

Answer 20

standardized units used to compare data gathered using different measurement scales
-descibes the distance a score is away from the mean per standard deviation

Question 21

coefficient of variation

Answer 21

percentage used to compare standard deviations when the units of measure are different or when the means of distributions being compared are far apart
-divide the standard deviation by the mean and record it as a percentage

Question 22

tailedness

Answer 22

• the rule of 68-95-99.7
• Consider a bell shaped curve with three standard deviations to the right and three standard deviations to the left
• Approximately 99.7% of scores will lie within these standard deviations
• 68% will lie within one standard deviation
• 95 % will lie within two standard deviations

Question 23

correlation coefficient

Answer 23

describe the relationship between two variables

• Positive correlation- when one variable increases, the other variable increases
• Negative correlation- when one variable increase, the other variable decreases

Question 24

magnitude

Answer 24

strength of a correlation relationship

• 0= no relationship
• .10 to .30= weak
• .30 to .50= moderate
• > .50= strong

Question 25

frequency

Answer 25

how often a variable is found to occur or may be presented as either grouped or ungrouped data

Question 26

ungrouped data

Answer 26

used to present nominal and ordinal data where the raw data represents some characteristic of the variable

Question 27

grouped data

Answer 27

used to present interval and ratio level data into smaller classifications to make the data easier to interpret

Question 28

mode

Answer 28

most frequently occurring value in in a data set

Question 29

mean

Answer 29

mathematical average calculated by adding all values and then dividing by the total number of values

Question 30

median

Answer 30

the point at the center of the data

Question 31

z scores

Answer 31

indicate how many standard deviations an element is from the mean -z score of 0 is equal to the mean... more or less than 0 is more or less than the mean