Exam 3

Question 1

experimental designs

Answer 1

designs involving random assignment to groups and manipulation of the independent variable

Question 2

two-group pretest- posttest design

Answer 2

subjects are randomly assigned to the experimental or control group and are measured before and after the intervention

Question 3

two-group posttest only design

Answer 3

subjects are randomly assigned to an experimental or control group and measured only after the intervention

Question 4

Solomon four-group design

Answer 4

experimental design with four groups- some receive the intervention, others serve as controls; some are measured before and after, others are measured only after the intervention

Question 5

multiple experimental groups designs

Answer 5

experimental design using two or more experimental groups with one control group

Question 6

factorial designs

Answer 6

allows researchers to manipulate more than one intervention

Question 7

crossover design

Answer 7

uses two or more treatments; subjects receive treatments in random order

Question 8

quasi-experimental design

Answer 8

involves the manipulation of the independent variable but lacks either random assignment to groups or a control group

Question 9

nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design

Answer 9

quasi-experimental design where two groups are measured before and after an intervention

Question 10

time series design

Answer 10

quasi experimental design where one group is measured prior to administering the intervention and then multiple time after the intervention

Question 11

one-group posttest only design

Answer 11

preexperimental design involving one group and a posttest with little control over extraneous variables

Question 12

nonequivalent-groups posttest-only design

Answer 12

preexperimental design involving two groups measured after an intervention with little control for extraneous variables

Question 13

preexperimental

Answer 13

posttest-only design that involves manipulation of the independent variable but lacks control for extraneous variables

Question 14

nonexperimental design

Answer 14

design that lacks manipulation of the independent variable and random assignment

Question 15

descriptive designs

Answer 15

provide a picture of a situation as it is naturally happening without manipulation of any of the variables

Question 16

exploratory design

Answer 16

nonexperimental design; used when little is known about a phenomenon

Question 17

comparative designs

Answer 17

descriptive design; compares two or more groups or variables

Question 18

survey design

Answer 18

descriptive design; involves data obtained through subjects self-report

Question 19

correlational designs

Answer 19

used to study relationships among two or more variables

Question 20

covary

Answer 20

when change in one variable is associated with change in another variable

Question 21

descriptive correlational design

Answer 21

used to explain the relationship among the variables or groups using a nondirectional hypothesis

Question 22

predictive correlational design

Answer 22

researchers hypothesize which variables are predictors or outcomes

Question 23

model testing

Answer 23

correlational design; tests a hypothesized theoretical model

Question 24

translational research

Answer 24

research for the purpose of linking research findings to the point of care

Question 25

community-based participatory action research

Answer 25

active involvement of community members throughout the research process

Question 26

health services research

Answer 26

research involving phenomena, such as cost, political factors, and culture, r/t the delivery of health care

Question 27

t statistic

Answer 27

inferential statistical test to determine whether a statistically significant difference between 2 groups exists

Question 28

correlated t test

Answer 28

a variation of the t test used when there is only one group or when groups are related; (also called "paired t test")

Question 29

independent t test

Answer 29

a variation of the t test used when data values vary independently from one another

Question 30

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer 30

inferential statistical test used when the level of measurement is interval or ratio and more than two groups are being compared

Question 31

dissemination

Answer 31

communication of clinical research findings to transition new knowledge to the point of care

Question 32

posters

Answer 32

a scholarly venue for disseminating evidence

Question 33

networking

Answer 33

interacting with colleagues to exchange information and build relationships

Question 34

call for abstracts

Answer 34

notices publicizing the desire for posters or presentations at conferences

Question 35

presentations

Answer 35

scholarly oral presentation to disseminate new knowledge

Question 36

papers

Answer 36

manuscripts published in professional journals

Question 37

authorship

Answer 37

list of authors in an order that reflects the amount of their contributions

Question 38

manuscript

Answer 38

scholarly paper prior to its publication

Question 39

The 3Ps of dissemination are...

Answer 39

posters, papers, presentations

Question 40

scholarly paper prior to its publication

Answer 40

manuscript

Question 41

the communication of clinical, research, and theoretical findings for the purpose of transitioning new knowledge to the point of care

Answer 41

dissemination

Question 42

type of content typically included in EBP posters

Answer 42

PICO question

Question 43

notices are also called

Answer 43

calls for abstracts

Question 44

what is a barrier to dissemination?

Answer 44

reliance on traditional methods such as posters, papers, and presentations

Question 45

T/F: A major advantage of poster presentations over other methods is that opportunities for networking exist

Answer 45

true

Question 46

the cycle of scientific development is an important phase in:

Answer 46

dissemination

Question 47

T/F: evidence-based practice cannot be successful if nurses fail to read or hear about new knowledge

Answer 47

true

Question 48

T/F: from any library websites, we can easily accessible electronic journals.

Answer 48

false: most libraries fall short of providing an effective platform for electronic journals

Question 49

hypothesis testing

Answer 49

collection of objectively measurable data that are gathered through the five senses to confirm or refute a hypothesis; empirical testing; a test for construct validity

Question 50

convergent testing

Answer 50

a test for construct validity in which new instruments are administered at the same time as an instrument known to be valid; scores of the two instruments are compared, and strong, positive correlations indicate good validity

Question 51

divergent testing

Answer 51

test for construct validity in which new instruments are administered at the same time as an instrument measuring the opposite of the concept; scores of the two instruments are compared, and strong negative correlations indicate good validity

Question 52

parametric

Answer 52

inferential statistical test involving interval- or ratio- level data to make inferences about the population

Question 53

nonparametric

Answer 53

inferential statistics involving nominal- or ordinal- level data to make inferences about the population

Question 54

degrees of freedom

Answer 54

a statistical concept used to refer to the number of sample values that are free to vary; n - 1

Question 55

ANOVA stands for...

Answer 55

analysis of variance

Question 56

df

Answer 56

degrees of freedom

Question 57

F

Answer 57

Fisher's F ratio

Question 58

ns

Answer 58

nonsignificant

Question 59

p

Answer 59

probability

Question 60

r

Answer 60

Pearson product-moment correlation

Question 61

R

Answer 61

multiple correlation

Question 62

R^2

Answer 62

multiple correlation squared

Question 63

t

Answer 63

computed value of t test

Question 64

α

Answer 64

alpha; probability of type I error

Question 65

β

Answer 65

beta; probability of type II error

Question 66

Δ

Answer 66

delta; amount of change

Question 67

Σ

Answer 67

sigma; sum or summation

Question 68

X^2

Answer 68

chi square

Question 69

how many types of true experimental designs are commonly reported in the scientific literature?

Answer 69

1) two-group pretest-posttest 2) two-group posttest only 3) Solomon four-group 4) multiple experimental groups 5) factorial 6) crossover designs

Question 70

the term "randomized controlled trial" describes:

Answer 70

an experimental study that is conducted in healthcare settings

Question 71

T/F: nonexperimental designs cannot be used to develop and test theories

Answer 71

False

Question 72

determining the strategies to effectively organize, manage, finance, and deliver high-quality care are the goals of:

Answer 72

health services research

Question 73

a researcher is testing radiation in women with breast cancer. ideally, the researcher should select the dose of radiation that obtains the desired effects with the least amount of side effects. here the goal is to:

Answer 73

maximize the benefits while minimizing the risks