Exam 1

Question 1

Define metaphysics

Answer 1

Underlying nature/who we are

Question 2

Ontology

Answer 2

Study of being

Question 3

Epistemology

Answer 3

Study of knowing

Question 4

Ethics

Answer 4

What is right?/standards

Question 5

Priori

Answer 5

Known to be true apart from experience

Question 6

Posteriori

Answer 6

True because of experience

Question 7

Argument?

Answer 7

Relationship between proposition and further proposition that the former prop supports the latter; they show that the conclusion is true.

Question 8

Coherence

Answer 8

Ideas are true if they agree with each other

Question 9

Correspondence theory

Answer 9

Proposition statements of truth align with the way things are in reality

Question 10

Pragmatic theory

Answer 10

Not concerned about what’s true, but what works

Question 11

Propositions

Answer 11

True or false meaning represented by words

Question 12

Inductive arguments

Answer 12

Infer one statement from another– thinking specific to general

• conclusion probably follows premise

Question 13

Deductive arguments

Answer 13

Arguing from the top down–thinking general to specific.

• the conclusion necessarily follows the premise

Question 14

All arguments begin with ______.

Answer 14

Assumptions

Question 15

T/F : logic proves an argument

Answer 15

False– just demonstrates it

Question 16

T/F: dialogue, debate, and argumentation are rarely about logic

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Category

Answer 17

Any type of class or set of things

Question 18

Contradictories

Answer 18

Propositions that cannot both be true but they cannot both be false

Question 19

Contraries

Answer 19

Propositions that cannot both be true but they can both be false

Question 20

Modus ponens

Answer 20

Method of affirming

Question 21

Modus tollens

Answer 21

Method of denying

Question 22

Condition

Answer 22

State of affairs, process

Question 23

Subcontrary

Answer 23

Not both can be false, but both can be true

Question 24

What is validity?

Answer 24

Does it follow the form? - logic

Question 25

What is soundness?

Answer 25

Whether or not it's true

Question 26

Equivocation

Answer 26

Same word being used in different ways in argument

Question 27

Red herring

Answer 27

When attention is drawn away from issue by some tangent issue

Question 28

Genetic fallacy

Answer 28

Deals with stuff or ideas, not people; attaching view because of its origin

Question 29

Ad hominem

Answer 29

Attacking person, not argument

Question 30

Begging the question

Answer 30

When truth of something is assumed w/o any justification. (Not defending what's said)

Question 31

False alternatives

Answer 31

Either this or that with no other options Ex: "if you're not a republican, you must be a democrat."

Question 32

Hasty generalization

Answer 32

Stereotyping; drawing conclusion about a group without adequate info

Question 33

Straw man

Answer 33

Giving the appearance that you're attacking an argument when you're actually attacking a weak version of it

Question 34

Is-ought fallacy

Answer 34

Committed when a person assumes that something ought to be the case because it's in fact accepted by someone as being normative

Question 35

Slippery slope fallacy

Answer 35

Unjustified series of cause/effect relations