Exam 1 Flashcards by Lori Uebelhor

Kinesiology

Study of movement

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Biomechanics

Study of living organisms by means of mechanical principles

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Aristotle

One of the first to study human movement and animal movement

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Leonardo da Vinci

Artist but primarily engineer
Studied mechanics for human movement
Invented water skis and hang gliders

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Andreas Vesalius

Published de humani corporis fabrica which was the first modern human anatomy text

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Boreal I

First to apply concepts of levers and forces to skeletal bodies
Wrote a book that also had information about bird migration

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Sir Isaac Newton

Father of mechanics
Gravity, three laws of motion
Modern math
2nd most influential person in history

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James Marey

First instrumented biomechanics laboratories

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Archibald Hill

Mechanics of spring

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Statics

Analysis of loads in static equilibrium; objects at rest or constant velocity

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Dynamics

Analysis of loads subject to accelerations or not at a steady state; objects in motion

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Kinematics

Description of motion (speed, velocity)

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Kinetics

Causes of motion (force)

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Scalars

Magnitude and units

Speed

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Vectors

Magnitude and direction
Velocity
Includes arrows

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Branches of mechanics

Rigid body
Deformable body
Fluid mechanics
Quantum mechanics

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1 meter=

=39 inches

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1 kg =

= 2.2 lbs

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Inertia

Property of an object to resist changes in motion

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Analog signal

Continuous signal

Electrical output

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Digital signal

Computer signal 1 and 0s
Easier to store, takes up less room
Does not get as much info and is less accurate

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Sampling rate

How often an instrument records measurement

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Photocells

Laser between 2 sensors

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Timing mat

Feel a force has starts or stops time

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Timing chips

Cross a line and chip starts or stops time

Velocity measurement systems

Radar gun | Laser systems

Electromyography

Determines if muscles are moving

Modeling

Mathematical representation of bio mechanical system

Forces

Simply a push or pull | Action and reaction

Force units

1 Newton = 1 kg*1m/s^2

Weight equation

W = mass*g | Newtons

Gravity constant

9.81 m/s^2

Components of contact forces

Normal or perpendicular | Parallel (friction)

Static friction

Object doesn't move | Highest COF

Dynamic friction

Object is moving

Friction

Force produced by the interaction of the particles between two objects

Ways to change friction

Change a surface | Change surface area

Rolling friction

Lower than static and kinetic friction

Qualities of forces

``` Point of application Line of action Magnitude Frequency Rate ```

Collinear

Same line of application of force | Added algebraically

Static equilibrium

Net force acting on an object is zero | Sum of forces = 0

Free body diagram

Drawing showing the external forces acting on a system

Types of motion

Rectilinear Curvilinear Angular

Rectilinear

Type of motion | Motion in a straight line

Curvilinear

Type of motion | Rotating around something

Linear motion

Change in position with respect to reference frame

Speed

Scalar S=l/t L = distance

Velocity

Vector V = d/t D= displacement

External forces affecting motion

Weight Friction GRF Contact forces

1st law of motion

Law of inertia | Body at rest will stay at rest and a body in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force

Momentum

Quantity of motion Vector L = m*v

Types of collisions

Elastic | Inelastic

Coefficient of restitution

Ratio of velocities in a collision | Measure of elasticity

Factors affect COR

Material Temperature Altitude

2nd law of motion

Law of acceleration | Change in motion of an object is proportional to the force exerted and is made in the direction of the force

Impulse

Effect of force acting over time Vector J=f*t Produces a change in momentum

3rd law of motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Work

Capacity of a force to cause displacement

Power

Rate of doing work

Work equation

W =force * distance | Joules or Newton meters

Power equation

P= force*displacement/time | Watts (J/s)

Most effective power training

<70% of 1RM

Measure of power

Direct | Indirect

Direct measures of power

Margaria test Vertical jump Broad jump

Indirect measures of power

Olympic weightlifting

Energy

Capacity to do work Joules Scalar

Mechanical energy

Ability to do work

Kinetic energy

Type of energy Associated with motion of an object

Gravitational potential energy

Type of energy associated with height of object

1st law of thermodynamics

Energy is neither created nor destroyed | Law of conservation of energy

2nd law of thermodynamics

Cannot finish any real physical process with as much useful energy as you had to start with Some energy is always wastes, never 100% efficient

Exam 1 Flashcards

(71 cards)